Julio María Sanguinetti
Julio María Sanguinetti Coirolo (born January 6, 1936 in Montevideo ) was President of Uruguay from March 1, 1985 to March 1, 1990 and from March 1, 1995 to March 1, 2000 .
biography
Sanguinetti studied law and social sciences at the Universidad de la República . After graduation in 1961, he tried to combine his work as a lawyer with journalism. In 1963 he was nominated as a National MP for the Montevideo District. In 1966 he was the associate editor and spokesman for the Constitutional Reform Project, and in 1967 he became a member of the Presidential Council on matters related to the Organization of American States (OAS). In 1969 Sanguinetti became Minister of Industry and Trade, and in 1972 Minister of Culture and Education.
As part of the coup d'état by the armed forces , he lost his positions in government and Congress in June 1973. In addition to these positions, he was President of the National Commission of Fine Arts. In 1976 he was released from it and was forbidden to be politically active. In the following years Sanguinetti devoted himself to journalism, assuming a critical position to the government. He promoted cultural and sporting activities as president of the regional center of UNESCO, promoted the campaign "Promotion of the book" in Latin America (1975-1984) and became vice-president of the popular football club Peñarol .
On June 29, 1981, his political rights and offices were returned to him. He led the delegation in the party negotiations with the military with the aim of finding a peaceful transition to democracy. The negotiations ended successfully with the signing of the Naval Pact on August 3, 1984.
In 1983 Sanguinetti became general secretary of the executive committee and in August 1984 received a majority as a candidate for the next year's presidential election. It was to be the first free elections and finally to end the twelve-year dictatorship of the military. On November 25, 1984, the Partido Colorado member Sanguinetti won the elections and on March 1, 1985 he took up his five-year office.
During his tenure, following the Argentine example, he avoided any form of violation of human rights and enforced appropriate laws. In an attempt to facilitate national reconciliation, he promoted the Law of National Pacification of 1985, as a direct consequence of which 267 guerrillas were amnestied. During his reign in December 1986, the Ley de Caducidad , which was extremely controversial in the following decades , was passed by parliament, but was initially approved by a majority in a referendum in 1989. Domestically, at the beginning of his term of office he was also able to show successes due to the onset of economic growth, the increase in exports and wage increases that were not sustainable. In foreign policy, Sanguinetti rekindled relations with Spain and re-established contacts with Brazil and Argentina . On March 1, 1990, Sanguinetti resigned the presidency to Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera , who had won the previous election in November.
In 1994 Sanguinetti was again run by his party as a presidential candidate and won the following elections on November 27, 1994 with a narrow majority. He assumed the presidency on March 1, 1995, making him the third president in Uruguayan history to be re-elected. On March 1, 2000, he resigned the presidency to his successor Jorge Batlle .
In addition to his political activities, Sanguinetti was (and still is in part) a columnist for the Spanish news agency EFE and the daily El País , organized seminars at the Complutense University in Madrid and gave lectures in the summer courses at the Menéndez International University and the Pelayo University of Santander . Since 1990 he has also been President of the PAX Institute .
In 2012 his book La Reconquista was published , which in April 2012 topped the Uruguayan bestseller list.
He has received many honors for his activities such as: honorary doctorates , honorary membership of the Italian Great Cross and the French Legion of Honor. In 2000 he was awarded the Simón Bolívar Prize by UNESCO for his “considerable personal commitment and for his initiatives to promote development, peace and culture” .
Sanguinetti is married and has two children.
Works
- 1967, Alcances y aplicaciones de la nueva constitución uruguaya (Ed.IEPAL, Montevideo)
- 1967, La nueva constitución (Ed.Alfaguara, Montevideo)
- 1976, Pedro Figari. Crónica y dibujos del caso Almeida (Ed. Acalí, Montevideo)
- 1978, La Nación, el nacionalismo y otros ismos ( Ed.Lapid , Montevideo)
- 1991, El Temor y la impaciencia. Ensayo sobre las transiciones democráticas en América Latina (Ed.FCE, Buenos Aires-México DF)
- 1992, El año 501 (Ed.Sudamericana, Buenos Aires)
- 1993, Un mundo sin Marx (Ed. Fundación Banco de Boston, Buenos Aires)
- 1994, Meditaciones del milenio ( Arca , Montevideo)
- 2002, El doctor Figari (Ed.Aguilar, Montevideo)
- 2008, La agonía de una democracia (Ed.Taurus, Montevideo)
- 2012, La reconquista. Proceso de la restauración democrática en Uruguay (1980-1990) (Ed.Taurus, Montevideo)
- 2015, Retratos desde la memoria (Debate, Montevideo)
- 2017, El cronista y la historia ( ISBN 9789974881488 ).
- 2018, La trinchera de occidente. A 70 años del Estado de Israel (Taurus, 2018)
- 2018, Luis Batlle Berres. El Uruguay del optimismo (Ed.Taurus, Montevideo)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Mass media in Latin America - third volume: Bolivia, Nicaragua, Peru, Uruguay, Colombia by Jürgen Wilke , Vervuet Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 1996, p. 197
- ↑ Los cinco libros más vendidos de la última semana - Está en el estante (Spanish) on from www.montevideo.com.uy, accessed on April 28, 2012
- ↑ 2000 - Julio Sanguinetti , last accessed: February 15, 2012
- ↑ En primera voz: las crónicas del Sanguinetti periodista . El Observador. November 23, 2017. Retrieved November 25, 2017.
- ↑ Primera páginas del libro Luis Batlle Berres. El Uruguay del optimismo . Penguin Random House . Retrieved December 26, 2018.
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Rafael Addiego Bruno |
President of Uruguay March 1, 1985 to March 1, 1990 |
Luis Alberto Lacalle |
| Luis Alberto Lacalle |
President of Uruguay March 1, 1995 to March 1, 2000 |
Jorge Batlle Ibáñez |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Sanguinetti, Julio María |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sanguinetti Coirolo, Julio María (full name) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Uruguayan journalist, politician and President of Uruguay |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 6, 1936 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Montevideo |