Old fortress Amberg
| Old fortress Amberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Old Veste (2007) |
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| Alternative name (s): | E (A) ichenforst, cutting house | |
| Creation time : | 13th Century | |
| Castle type : | City castle | |
| Conservation status: | partially preserved | |
| Place: | On the mountain | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 26 '43.5 " N , 11 ° 51' 31.4" E | |
| Height: | 395 m above sea level NHN | |
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The Alte Veste Amberg (also known as the oak forest ) was, after Amberg had become the capital of the Palatinate Northern Gau through the house contract of Pavia of 1429 , from 1338 the residence of the Elector Prince , who resided here as governor for the Electoral Palatinate part of the Upper Palatinate. After the construction of the electoral palace in 1417, the old fortress was used as an electoral stables .
description
The facility consists of two buildings: the Alte Veste , located in Marstallgasse, and the so-called Klösterl , located between the Vils and the Eichenforstgäßchen.
Old fortress
The old fortress was built before 1267, originally it was probably a moated castle. Its proportions and various original style elements ( Romanesque doors, screed floors, frescoes under the roof truss, high Gothic double windows from 1280 and pointed arches) despite five renovations (two in the Gothic period, one in the Renaissance and two in the Baroque period , namely in the first quarter of the 18th century and 1784) essentially preserved. In the 16th century the facade was redesigned with a change in the window frames ; around 1700 the facade was redesigned in Baroque style. The roof construction dates from around 1600 and today consists of a high hipped roof . The building has 1.2 m thick walls made of quarry stone , only the corners are made of stone blocks . The building has profiled window openings and a stucco portal. The courtyard wall with the arched gate comes from the 17th / 18th centuries. Century. The Alte Veste also included stables, barns and several cellars. There are also reports of a bath house, a bakery, accommodation for the servants, a prison and the root garden of the virgins. In 1409, guns were even cast in the large courtyard.
Monastery
The so-called Klösterl was built between 1296 and 1315. It is a two-storey building with a high Gothic stepped gable . On the east side it has an altar bay projecting towards the Vils with five high windows and a pointed roof . This belonged to the house chapel of the former castle and is located on the upper floor of the building. The chapel has Gothic rib vaults and capitals with foliage and animal figures. The head of Christ is depicted in the keystone of the choir , the others are decorated with rosettes . The five windows of the choir are decorated with stained glass windows from the 15th century (1410). The two bells in the attached ridge belong to the 14th and 16th centuries (1513). The south wing is a two-storey gable roof building from 1912.
history
Old fortress
The Vizedom resided in this fortress as the representative of the sovereign. The later King Rupprecht III was also here. and he married Elisabeth von Hohenzollern on June 27, 1374 . This splendid marriage is known as the Amberg wedding . He and his family were supposed to be poisoned here in 1401. The attack was supposed to be carried out by the personal doctor instigated by Gian Galeazzo Visconti , but the attack was discovered in time and the perpetrator was arrested.
After the electoral palace and the associated government buildings had been built from 1544 onwards, the old fortress served as a royal stables. From 1703 to 1709 the Hofkammerrat and Hofkastner von Weinzierl used the building as an apartment. In 1710 the councilor and landscape commissioner von Ronden moved in here. He was followed in 1715 by the court caster Johann Georg Finck, who in 1718 had to vacate the apartment for the new Chancellor von Pistorini. During the Austrian War of Succession (1740–1745), the French military was housed here.
Since 1762 it was planned to sell the building. At the auction on April 19, 1784, the building was acquired by the treasurer and councilor Freiherr von Egkher for 1200 fl . The alliance coat of arms at the entrance of the building is the coat of arms of Egkher and his wife, a granddaughter of Elector Karl Theodor and daughter of governor Franz Ludwig Graf von Holnstein . During this time the old fortress was renovated and the previous stepped gable was demolished and replaced by a hipped roof. On May 31, 1839, the building was sold to Freiherr Karl von Schönstätt auf Wolfring. In 1904 the Schneidt company bought the building. A demolition permit applied for in 1978 was not approved and the company sold the Alte Veste to the city of Amberg on October 1, 1978. They had the building completely renovated and in 1985 the management of Stadtbau Amberg GmbH moved into it.
Monastery
After 1410, this part of the palace became the widow's seat of Elisabeth , the wife of King Ruprecht. Bishop Konrad VII of Regensburg is named as the later owner . It is followed by the Vizedom von Hohenrechberg, then in 1453 followed by Georg Kastner von Schnaittenbach and in 1524 the Hegners live here. In the 17th century the Schlössl belonged to the Fritsch, Boslarn and von Loeven families.
In 1804 the complex was sold to private individuals and from 1839 it was used for a school sisters monastery , hence the name Klösterl , after which it became the Maximiliansrettungsanstalt , an orphanage. In 1934 the city of Amberg rebuilt the Klösterl so that the city's local museum can be set up there. The museum opened here on November 7, 1937 and was housed here until 1984. In 1990 the Prehistoric Museum of Amberg was established here, which was merged with the Amberg City Museum on February 14, 2005 . In 2006 the private air museum was founded here in the Klösterl am Eichenforst.
literature
- Stefan Helml: Castles and palaces in the Amberg-Sulzbach district . Druckhaus Oberpfalz, Amberg 1991, pp. 19-22.
- Karl Wächter, Günter Moser: In the footsteps of knights and nobles in the district of Amberg-Sulzbach . Druckhaus Oberpfalz, Amberg 1992, pp. 60-61.
- Felix Adam von Löwenthal: History of the origin of the city of Amberg, Volume 1 . Munich 1801, p. 14th ff ., above ( limited preview in Google Book search).
Web links
- Entry on partially preserved Alte Veste Castle, Palatine Castle, Eichenforst, Aichenforst in the private database "Alle Burgen".
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wurzgarten in the Middle Ages Lexicon , accessed on June 19, 2020.
- ↑ Alte Veste on the history of Amberg, accessed on June 19, 2020.
- ↑ Jürgen Herda: AZ series around the monastery, part 2: From the hammer master and the St. Wolfgang The house chapel at the oak forest. Onetz from January 3, 2005, accessed June 19, 2020.
- ^ History of the Amberg City Museum , accessed on June 19, 2002.
Palaces: Electoral Palace Amberg | Atzlricht Castle (exited) | Drahthammer Castle | Gärbershof Palace (exited) | Neumühle Castle | Raigering Castle (exited)
Castles and ruins: Alte Veste Amberg | Amberg Castle (exited) | Ramertshof castle ruins Tower hill castles (all gone): Turmhügel Am Schanzl | Schanzhübl tower hill