Dult

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Maidult in Passau

In the south-east German-speaking region, a fair with a folk festival character is often referred to as a dult . A dult can take place on the occasion of the name day of a saint or on a general church holiday, but is less associated with the religious background than a church festival .

Word origin

The word Dult belongs to the vocabulary of the Bavarian dialect group and is already used in the 8th century, but was also known in Alemannic in the Middle Ages . There is a related word dulþs in Gothic , where it means something like "exuberant festival". This expression possibly goes back to a primitive Germanic word with the meaning “remain” in the sense of “rest, have a holiday” and can thus be associated with church holidays. The word probably came to southern Germany in the course of missionary efforts, in the eastern half of which it has survived to this day (see also Bavarian passwords ).

The word Dult has always referred to an annual festival with a church occasion ( Old High German tuld "festival (day), celebration", Middle High German tult, dult "church festival, fair"). During a festival in honor of a saint, stalls were usually set up around the church dedicated to him to offer goods. As a result of this tradition, the parish fair was established on the name days of saints, and the meaning of Dult increasingly shifted to “fair” with an emphasis on the festival character.

Known Dulten

Sales booth at Auer Dult 2013

The most famous Dult today is the Auer Dult , which takes place three times a year for nine days on Mariahilfplatz in Munich's Au district . The first Dult, the so-called Maidult, begins on the Saturday before May 1st , the second, the Jakobidult , in July and the third Dult on the weekend before the church fair.

There are also large annual markets known as Dult in Augsburg (1 km long), Gern ( Eggenfelden ), Landshut , Passau , Altötting , Regensburg and Forsthart . So-called Whitsun dults take place on the days of Pentecost, for example in Simbach am Inn , Amberg and in the city of Salzburg , where the first dult from 1331 is documented. In addition, the name Dult used to refer to the Rupertikirtag , which takes place in September every year .

The Passauer Dult, which is now held twice a year and usually lasts ten days, continues two traditions. Today's May Day, which takes place in April / May, follows the tradition of the "Krügerlmarkt zu St. Nikola ", first mentioned in 1666 . The Herbstdult, which takes place today in September, follows the tradition of the fortnightly Jacobidult (between Jacob and the feast of the discovery of the bones of St. Stephen ), which was permitted by Conrad I in 1164 , which was also to be understood as the church consecration feast of the cathedral .

One of the oldest Bavarian Dulten is the Förnbacher Fraudult an Mariä Himmelfahrt , which was first mentioned in 1402. The last Dult in Förnbach for the time being took place on August 21, 2011.

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Kluge. Etymological dictionary of the German language , edited by Elmar Sebold, 24th, revised and expanded edition. de Gruyter, Berlin 2002 (CD-ROM).
  2. ↑ Schweizerisches Idiotikon , Vol. XII, Sp. 1774–1778, with further references in the note; also note the dictionaries from Baden and Swabia in the literature section .
  3. ^ Franz Eduard Christoph Dietrich: Contact of the ablauts series iu, au, u with others. In: Journal for German antiquity . 5. Vol., 1845, pp. 211-234, here p. 224 f., JSTOR 20650063 .
  4. ↑ DULT. In: GF Benecke , W. Müller , F. Zarncke : Middle High German Dictionary. Volume 1. Leipzig 1854, Col. 403 ( online ).
  5. ^ Winfred Philipp Lehmann: A Gothic etymological dictionary. E. J. Brill, Leiden / Netherlands 1986, ISBN 90-04-08176-3 , p. 97 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  6. ↑ Jochen Splett: Old High German Dictionary. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin / New York 1993, Vol. I, 2, 1027.
  7. ^ Matthias Lexer : Middle High German Concise Dictionary. Leipzig 1872–1878 ( online ).
  8. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from July 30, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.auerdult.de
  9. ^ Salzburg City Archives: Die Salzburger Dult , accessed on February 14, 2014.
  10. ↑ http://regiowiki.pnp.de/index.php/Passauer_Dult
  11. ^ For the time being, the last women's cult in Förnbach