Augsburg Dult
The Augsburger Dult is a traditional fair . It is held twice a year in the street between Vogeltor and Jakobertor in Jakobervorstadt . The first dult of the year is held as the Georgidult and opened on Holy Saturday. In autumn, around Michaelmas day (September 29), the Michaelidult begins . Both markets have a tradition that goes back to at least 1276.
history
According to the Augsburg historian Paul von Stetten , there was a fair in Augsburg as early as 967. Emperor Otto I was in transit in the city and stayed there for as long as the year march is held around Michaelis . An imperial deed from 1030 is the earliest document about Augsburg fairs. The market right of an Easter dult as a cloth fair is mentioned in the Augsburg city law of 1276. The Autumn Dult is also listed there as “Sankt Michels Messe”.
Fairs were held in the city center well into the 19th century. Only after the demolition of the imperial city's seal house in 1809, Maximilianstrasse and the adjacent side streets finally offered space for the erection of stalls or stalls , which the city took over and then rented for a fee. An attempt to place the annual fairs in the Fronhof failed.
It is known from 1373 that cloths from Brussels, Mechelen and Leuven and the Rhineland were waiting for buyers. In 1556 fabrics from London and Bohemia, but also from Günzburg and Eichstätt, not far away, were available. At the Dult, things from the area as well as from long-distance trade were available. Hafner from nearby pottery towns such as Aichach and Friedberg transported more goods than usual to the Free Imperial City during the Dult period . In 1788 the Georgidult only took place for one week, but the Michaelidult was extended to three weeks. From 1815 onwards, the Hafner and their goods were assigned the Oberer Graben as their Dult location. In 1883 the Michaelidult and in 1885 also the Georgidult were relocated to Jakobervorstadt. The cause were traffic-related considerations in connection with the tram operation, which required traffic space. The stalls were still on Jakoberstrasse in the 1930s.
During the Weimar period, the Dult was divided into thirds in 1926. The stalls in the Jakoberstraße remained the suppliers of clothing, sheet goods , toys and sweets reserved. All kinds of crockery, porcelain, enamel products and earthenware could be bought at the Oberer Graben . Finally, the third dult element was stalls and tray stalls (market stalls with a slanted structure) at the current location for the assortments otherwise offered . Then in 1939 there was a bundling in the quieter Obere Jakobermauer / Vogelmauer street in order to exclude both obstacles to the growing vehicle traffic such as the tram and to avoid dangers for the public.
The Dulten offered the people from the city and the surrounding area in all years the supply of necessary items, obtained for the market from local traders and fieries . For example, as early as the 17th century, “Savoyers” were selling glasses at Dult . Telescopes , magnifying glasses , microscopes and barometers , for example , continued to be offered in this distribution channel in the 19th century . One or the other local homeowner rented out premises during the Dult period.
The duration of the stay varied several times in retrospect. In 1831 both dulten lasted a fortnight each. The Easter Dult began eight days after Easter, the Michaelidult on the day of the same name. The dulten were later shortened to nine days each. Up to and including 1985, the nine-day Easter Dult began on the Saturday after Easter. In 1986 the market was extended to sixteen days for the first time at the request of the market traders.
present
In Augsburg, two Dulten are still held, one in spring and the other in autumn. The range on offer is similar in each case, but the market office that oversees the events is interested in a variety of offers when allocating space. There are around 130 places for permanent stalls or stalls. The market feeders are not entitled to a fixed parking space. Nevertheless, a few stands in the same location regularly offer the public an orientation. For example, the cheap Jakob am Vogeltor, a curtain seller near the junction of the street “Auf dem Plätze”, a herb stall, the pan seller not far from the Jakobertor or the crockery market, which has now become smaller, on the side of the street facing the city moat.
The advertising promises that the “longest open-air department store”, which stretches for more than a kilometer, has almost everything, including things that you can't get anywhere else. About cooking and eating utensils , cutlery , ceramics , household accessories of all kinds, natural remedies , spices and herbal teas or textile from Joppa to the sock there are also watches and jewelry , toys , stores or antique and inexpensive books. Several food stalls cater to hungry Dult visitors. Candy floss , roasted almonds or Turkish honey pamper those with a sweet tooth. A wood-fired baker sells his products. In a screeching way, shop owners try to advertise all sorts of useful items and convince customers to buy, in stubborn cases by luring them with discounts . Cooking demonstrations at the stand attract interested parties and are intended to encourage spontaneous purchases . Sunny weather significantly increases the number of visitors to the temporary market.
The Dult is usually open daily from 10 a.m. to 7 p.m., but there may be deviations that are determined by the municipal market office. Sometimes there are uninvited guests at the fair: crowds of people on the Dult can attract pickpockets . Such petty crime is nothing new. The "Wochenblatt für das Christian Volk" reported in 1863 about a shepherd from the surrounding community of Großaitingen , who was sentenced to six months' imprisonment for stealing clothes at two Dult stands and for other offenses.
Easter Dult in spring
The Easter walk takes many Augsburgers across the Dult. While strolling around, you can see some news or find something you have been looking for for a long time. The dult lasts a fortnight. Between 80,000 and 100,000 people visit them. In 2007, 247 businesspeople applied, of which 133 were chosen. A third of the dealers came from Augsburg and its region, two thirds from the rest of Bavaria. The audience is either amazed or amused at the merchants' praises. Since Easter is a moving festival because the spring full moon determines the date of Easter , it happens that the term Georgidult is used synonymously for this dult . This happens when St. George's Day (April 23) allows a close connection to the Dult. In 2008 the opening time was extended to 10 a.m. to 7 p.m. The spring dult has always been given greater importance because it marked the start of the season for dealers.
Michaelidult in autumn
The Michaelidult lasts nine days and begins every Saturday after September 27th. Depending on the weather, it is visited by a total of around 60–80,000 people during this time. When the weather is dry on " Day of German Unity ", the number of visitors often increases, to the delight of the providers. In 2011, 253 market traders applied for a place at the Herbstdult, of which 138 were approved by the market office. Some merchants had been represented at Dult for over 30 years.
Organizational matters
A municipal statute applies to holding markets . The market feeders must register. If you get one of the available spaces, stand fees will be charged. For residents on the street who will find parking spaces there for residents' parking , replacement areas will be allocated elsewhere during the Dult period. Through traffic is generally prohibited to Dult on the Obere Jakobermauer / Vogelmauer street. The organizer recommends that visitors use public transport, as parking spaces are scarce and a nearby multi-storey car park in a shopping center can be very busy at peak times.
Folk festival
Up until the 19th century, the Dult was also associated with the appearance of showmen in the city. Minstrels hoped for a fee from the visitors with their music. Artistic feats were presented. But showmen also wanted to generate income by presenting curiosities or abnormalities. In 1748 a rhinoceros was presented to the amazed audience in Augsburg , which Johann Elias Ridinger immortalized in a copper engraving . Near Maximilianstrasse, an amusement zone gradually developed in the city in Hallstrasse and on the Hallhof wall during the Dult period, on which, among other things, cabaret stages were located. The noisy hustle and bustle became too much for residents. They urged the magistrate to find other solutions. In 1878, a new home was therefore offered to all merrymaking on the small parade ground outside the former city walls: the Augsburger Plärrer was created. As a reminiscence of those historical folk festival times, only a children's carousel can be found on the markets today . At the bird gate it offers parents an opportunity to warm up their offspring for a visit to Dult.
Web links
- Dulten in the city lexicon Augsburg
- Statute about the Dulten and the Christkindlesmarkt in the city of Augsburg (pdf; 37 kB)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Paul von Stetten: History of the Hl. Rom. Reichs Freyen Stadt Augspurg , Volume 1, Page 41. Frankfurt and Leipzig 1743 , requested on January 20, 2012
- ↑ a b c Augsburger Allgemeine from October 7, 2010: Annual markets on the move
- ^ City of Augsburg: History of the Dulten. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on October 14, 2011 ; Retrieved January 12, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ Latest paperback from Augsburg , page 64. Augsburg 1830 , accessed on January 20, 2012
- ^ Inge Keil: Augustanus Opticus: Johann Wiesel (1583–1662) and 200 years of optical craft in Augsburg (= Colloquia Augustana . Volume 12 ). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2000, ISBN 3-05-007737-9 , p. 250 (549 p., Limited preview in Google Book search).
- ^ Franz Häussler: Photography in Augsburg, 1839 to 1900: with a part of the picture from the photo treasures of the Augsburg city archive (= contributions to the history of the city of Augsburg . Volume 1 ). Wißner-Verlag, Augsburg 2004, ISBN 3-89639-432-0 , p. 162 (216 p., Limited preview in Google Book search).
- ↑ See advertisements in the Augsburger Ordinari Postzeitung of April 4, 1829 or in the Augsburger Tagblatt of March 15, 1831 , consulted on January 20, 2012
- ↑ Necessary manual and auxiliary book for all citizens and residents of the royal. Bavarian district capital Augsburg , Volume 1, page 200. Augsburg 1831 , queried on January 20, 2012
- ↑ Police report of the Swabian North Presidium of October 6, 2009: Warning of pickpockets , queried on January 20, 2012
- ↑ Weekly newspaper for the Christian people of October 25, 1863, page 130 , consulted on January 20, 2012
- ↑ Augsburger Allgemeine, April 4, 2007: A new pair of socks every six months
- ↑ Augsburg Wiki: Spring Dult , queried on January 20, 2012
- ↑ City newspaper of March 26, 2008: Oster-Dult or Georgi-Dult - which is correct?
- ↑ Bürgerzeitung Augsburg direkt , April / May 2010 edition
- ↑ Augsburg Wiki: Herbstdult , queried on January 20, 2012
- ↑ www.b4bschwaben.de: The Herbstdult starts , requested on January 20, 2012
