Nabburg Gate
The Nabburger Tor is the oldest and due to renaissance alterations it is also the most modern city gate of the Upper Palatinate city of Amberg .
history
When the city was fortified in the 13th century, there was a first Nabburg Gate in the area of today's Bahnhofstrasse. Nothing is known about its appearance. In the 14th century, the Amberg city fortifications (construction started on May 2, 1326) were expanded to include the Georgen and Spitalvorstadt suburbs, and in the course of this city expansion, another Nabburg Gate was built, which was first documented in 1382. It was a gate equipped with a pointed arch flanked by two semicircular towers. The towers of this twin tower complex were only three-story and did not yet have a polygonal structure. During the construction of the Zwingermauer between the Vilstor and St. Georg in the 15th century, a floor was placed on the Nabburg Gate, which was formed by five sides of an octagon at the front and flattened at the back. At that time there was only a parapet fortified with battlements above the gate opening, behind which an open battlement ran. In 1587, under Count Palatine Johann Casimir , the gate was largely given its current appearance. The two towers were raised and the central building raised. These conversions can be recognized by the Räth sandstone used . In addition, the gate received a trapezoidal barbican , which was faced on the outside with humpback blocks. When the bridge over the city moat was built in 1869, it was demolished and the coat of arms of the city of Amberg was moved to the back of the gate.
Construction
The gate was built from plastered stone masonry . The elevation in the 16th century was built using a rectangular construction. The archway on the city side, dating from the Gothic period , tapers towards the top; He has a profiling of throat and staff and the pedicle have Curbstones received. The central building is two-story and on top is the coat of arms of the Electoral Palatinate . On the upper frame can be found in a rectangular cartouche the inscription "JCPT &. A. ”, which means“ Johannes Casimirus Comes Palatinus Tutor et Administrator ”.
The two flank towers are 23 m high; its semicircular substructure has a wall thickness of 1.35 m. On the second floor they go into an octagon. Stairs in the towers led to the battlements and the attic of the central building. This is higher than the walkway of the city wall. At the beginning of the 19th century, pedestrian passages were excavated on the ground floors of the towers. The basement was used as a prison in the past and a rectangular opening can still be seen in the passage of the eastern tower, through which the delinquents could be lowered into a room without doors or windows.
On the city side, the corner blocks of the towers show that the battlement was open to the rear. The inscription "1587 GH" could be read above the top window, which indicates the time of construction and the city architect Georg Haßfurter. The former guard, which dates from the second half of the 17th century, is attached to the eastern tower. The extension has profiled round arches and ornaments, so-called volutes , which are spiral-shaped at the top of the arch .
There was a cobblestone toll house in front of the gate until the twentieth century. The pavement duty was levied until the 1930s. This duty was charged for foreign trade, but not for local residents. In the mid-1950s, when the roundabout was built, the small customs house also disappeared. Today the Nabburger Tor is only accessible in one direction out of the city.
literature
- Mathias Conrad: The Nabburg Gate. In: amberg information , February 2002, pp. 33-37.
- Johannes Laschinger: Amberg: Small city history (Small city stories). Verlag Friedrich Pustet , Regensburg 2015.
Web links
- Entry on Nabburger Tor in Amberg in the private database "Alle Burgen".
- Nabburger Tor on Kultourismus Amberg, accessed on August 15, 2020.
Individual evidence
Coordinates: 49 ° 26 '40.8 " N , 11 ° 51' 45.7" E