Mariusz Zaruski

Mariusz Zaruski (born January 31, 1867 in Dumanow , † April 8, 1941 in Cherson ) was a Polish general, sailor, mountaineer, writer, poet and painter.

Zaruski studied mathematics and physics in Odessa from 1885 . There he got to know the sea, whose fascination accompanied him throughout his life. He painted seascapes that gave him access to art school and during the holidays he hired ships to travel to Siberia, China, Japan, India, Egypt and Syria. Because of his participation in a Polish anti-Russian organization, he was exiled to Arkhangelsk in 1894 . There he was able to attend the naval school, went on a merchant ship through the polar sea to Norway and was finally given command of his own ship.

After returning to Odessa in 1896, he married Izabela Kietlińska. In 1901 he went to Cracow , where he studied painting at the Academy of Fine Arts until 1906 . Because of the poor health of his wife, he went to Zakopane in the High Tatras in 1907 , where he soon turned to mountaineering. In the same year he climbed the Kozi Wierch , in 1911 the Kościelec . He suggested the establishment of the Tatras Mountain Rescue Association ( TOPR ) and dedicated himself to the development of tourism in the Tatras and training of mountain guides until the outbreak of the First World War.

During the First World War he founded the 11th Polish Cavalry Regiment, of which he was commander. He has received several awards. He ended his military career in 1926 with the rank of Brigadier General and Adjutant to the Polish President Stanisław Wojciechowski . In the following years he devoted himself to promoting sailing in Poland. He founded the Yacht Klub Polski (YKP) with Antoni Aleksandrowicz , of which he became president, initiated the establishment of the Liga Morska i Rzeczna and was involved in the creation of a Polish-English-French-Russian naval dictionary.

In 1929 Zaruski first met a boy scout group as a sailing instructor, and his subsequent life was closely linked to the Polish scout movement. In 1935 he was given command of the pathfinder sailing ship Harcerz (Boy Scouts), which was later renamed Zawisza Czarny , and became the undisputed authority of Polish sailing. In 1939 he was arrested by the NKVD and taken to a prison in Cherson, where he died of cholera in 1941 . In 1997, an urn with earth from Zaruski's grave was buried in Zakopane, and Zaruski was posthumously awarded the Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta .

Zaruski's literary estate includes poems and the like. a. the volumes of short stories Na bezdrożach tatrzańskich (1923) and Wśród wichrów i fal (1935).

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personal data
SURNAME	Zaruski, Mariusz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Polish general, sailor, mountaineer, writer, poet and painter
DATE OF BIRTH	January 31, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH	Dumanov
DATE OF DEATH	April 8, 1941
Place of death	Kherson