André-Jacques Garnerin
André-Jacques Garnerin (born January 31, 1769 in Paris ; † August 18, 1823 there ) was an aviation pioneer and the inventor of the frameless parachute . Along with Louis-Sébastien Lenormand, he is considered to be one of the first people to have demonstrably succeeded in a parachute jump. His wife Jeanne-Geneviève Labrosse became the world's first female parachutist in 1799.
Life
Garnerin made his first balloon flight from Metz in 1787 . Three years later, he took off in a simple hot air balloon. During the coalition wars, Garnerin was given the task of negotiating with the Allies who threatened France from all sides. However, since the French Republic was not officially recognized by its enemies, he was imprisoned in the Buda fortress for three years . During his imprisonment Garnerin occupied himself with designing parachutes with whose help he wanted to escape.
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On 22 October 1797 he jumped, the first man, from a balloon basket over the Parc Monceau in Paris with a parachute from. Since there was no opening at the top of his parachute, the compressed air flowed over the edge of the parachute and caused dangerous, strong pendulum movements. After jumping from a height of 400 m, he landed in front of a crowd of people who admired him and was brought into the city in triumph. At the suggestion of the astronomer Jérôme Lalande , Garnerin made a vertex opening on the parachute five years later.
Christian Friedrich August Reinhardt (1742-1814, son of August Wilhelm Reinhart ), court and judicial counselor to the king in Dresden, was able to follow the rise of the Garnerin couple on April 14, 1803 during a trip to Berlin. It was a play in honor of the King of Prussia and his wife.
On October 3rd and 4th, 1803 Garnerin overcame a distance of 300 km between Moscow and Polova with the balloon . He completed a 395 km long balloon flight between Paris and Clausen near Pirmasens on November 22nd and 23rd, 1807. The balloon and parachute pioneer made the unforeseen emergency landing when he noticed that his long-distance journey from Paris to Switzerland had become an odyssey. His gondola was slightly damaged during the emergency landing. The balloon envelope and gondola were brought to Zweibrücken by horse and cart from Clausen . From there, Garnerin and his equipment began their journey home to Paris by stagecoach. Garnerin died in an accident while filling a balloon in Paris, he was struck by a beam. Garnerin Point , a headland in Antarctica, has been named in his honor since 1960 .
See also
literature
- Wilfrid de Fonvielle : Adventures in the Air. Being Memorable Experiences of Great Aeronauts . London 1877, pp. 102-114 ( digitized , English).
Web links
- Short biography and picture (English)
- For more information about Garnerin (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jakob JE Vicari: On the flying screen. In: badische-zeitung.de, news, flashes of inspiration. October 22, 2011, accessed October 23, 2013 .
- ↑ Christian Friedrich August Reinhardt: Handwritten report by Christian Friedrich August Reinhardt about the 33rd air journey of the French aviation pioneer André Jacques Garnerin and his wife . Berlin 1803.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Garnerin, André-Jacques |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Aviation pioneer, first parachutist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | January 31, 1769 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 18, 1823 |
| Place of death | Paris |