Johannes Clauberg

Johann Clauberg, engraving by J. Wielant

Johannes Clauberg (born February 24, 1622 in Solingen , † January 31, 1665 in Duisburg ) was a German theologian and philosopher .

He was the son of the blade merchant Johann Clauberg and part of a well-deserved family circle, which at that time provided a fifth of the Solingen council offices.

Clauberg first studied philosophy, theology and oriental philology (Hebrew) at the Bremen grammar school and then from April 1644 at the University of Groningen , graduating there in 1646 with two disputations and the Elementa Philosophiae sive Ontosophia published the following year . He received a call to the High School in Herborn , but after stays in Paris and England first went to Leiden to listen to lectures on natural philosophy from the doctor Johann de Raey (1622–1702) and to deepen his studies of Descartes' philosophy that was first brought to him by his Groningen teacher and friend Tobias Andreae . In 1649 he went to Herborn as a professor of theology and philosophy. When he was forbidden to continue to represent Cartesianism in his teaching there under threat of impeachment , he went to Duisburg in 1651, followed by many of his students, as a professor of philosophy and initially taught at the local grammar school on Burgplatz . His college friend Christoph Wittich , with whom he had already shared most of the stages of his academic career - in Bremen, Groningen, Leiden and Herborn - was also appointed as professor of theology by the Duisburg magistrate .

Plans to found a University of Duisburg had existed since the middle of the 16th century, when Duke Wilhelm V von Jülich-Kleve-Berg commissioned the humanist Andreas Masius with a corresponding planning, and in 1564 and 1565 also confirmations from Pope Pius IV and Emperor Maximilian II. Received, but then no longer pursued his plan. After Duisburg came to Brandenburg-Prussia in the wake of the Jülich-Klevian succession dispute , the Kleve - Mark estates asked Elector Friedrich Wilhelm in 1641 to set up a university for the regional children . In 1654 the Elector of Brandenburg signed the founding deed for the so-called "Old University", which was then ceremoniously opened on October 14, 1655 and which lasted until 1818. Clauberg was one of the founding members, was the first founding rector and held a professorship for theology until his death. He also held lectures on ethics and politics at the Philosophical Faculty.

Clauberg was buried in Duisburg's Salvatorkirche , in which a plaque with an epitaph commemorates him.

The Clauberg-Gymnasium Duisburg-Hamborn, which closed in 2010, was named after Clauberg ; it was founded in 1966 as the second municipal high school for boys and was run as a co-educational high school from 1971.

Works

• Elementa Philosophiae sive Ontosophia , 1st edition Groningen, by Johannes Nicolai, 1647, foreword June 20, 1646; 2nd edition, limited to the main part of Ontosophia, supplemented by new chapters and revised, 1660; 3rd, revised, extended and annotated, 1664
• Defensio Cartesiana , 1652
• Logica vetus et nova , 1658
• Paraphrases in Meditationes Cartesii , 1658
• Conjunctio Animae & Corporis , 1664
• Opera omnia philosophica , posthumously ed. by Johann Thedoro Schalbruch, 1691, reprinted by Olms, Hildesheim 1968

literature

• Wilhelm Gaß:  Clauberg, Johann . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 4, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, pp. 277-279.
• Hans Saring:  Clauberg, Johann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1957, ISBN 3-428-00184-2 , p. 265 f. ( Digitized version ).
• Pius Brosch: The ontology of Johannes Clauberg. A historical appraisal and an analysis of your problems. Hartmann, Greifswald 1926
• Andreas Scheib: On the theory of individual substances in Géraud de Cordemoy. Lang, Frankfurt am Main 1997 (= Europäische Hochschulschriften, series 20, volume 523), ISBN 3-631-30594-X , pp. 141–160, pp. 225–236
• Theo Verbeek (Ed.): Johannes Clauberg (1622-1665) and Cartesian Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century. Kluwer, Dordrecht 1999 (= Archives internationales d'histoire des idées, 164), ISBN 0-7923-5831-7
• Winfried Weier: The position of Johannes Clauberg in philosophy. Ditter, Mainz 1960

Web links

• Literature by and about Johannes Clauberg in the catalog of the German National Library
• Alice Ragni, Bibliographia Claubergiana (Nineteenth-Twenty-First Centuries): Tracking a Crossroads in the History of Philosophy
• Francesco Trevisani: Johannes Clauberg and the Reformed Aristotle
• The Birth of Ontology. A selection of Ontologists from 1560 to 1770
• Clauberg, Johann. Hessian biography. (As of February 7, 2020). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).

Individual evidence

1. ^ Heinz Rosenthal: Solingen. History of a city . Volume 1: From the beginning to the end of the 17th century. 1969, 3 volumes, Braun, Duisburg DNB 457973358 .