Andrei Andrejewitsch Andrejew

Genrich Jagoda , Nikita Khrushchev (in white suit), Stalin, Andreev (center) and Lasar Kaganowitsch (right next to the speaker) on Red Square in 1935.

Andrei Andreyevich Andreyev ( Russian Андрей Андреевич Андреев * October 18 ^jul. / 30th October  1895 ^greg. In Kuznetsovo at Sychyovka , Smolensk , Russian Empire ; † 5. December 1971 in Moscow ) was a Soviet politician and member of the Political Bureau of the CPSU .

biography

Andreev was the son of a peasant family in the Smolensk province. He attended school there for two years. From 1905 to 1911 he was employed as an auxiliary staff in a restaurant in Moscow . From 1911 to 1914 he worked in various places in southern Russia. From 1914 he had various jobs in St. Petersburg .

Bolsheviks

In 1914 Andreyev became a member of the Communist Party. In 1916 he became active in the Petersburg Committee of the Bolsheviks and since he has been a member of the Committee of the Social Democratic Workers' Party of Russia (RSDLP) in Petrograd . When Lenin arrived at the Finnish train station in Petrograd in April 1917, he attended the welcome and the next day organized a Bolshevik conference for Lenin.

Ascent

Andreyev organized trade union work in the Urals and Ukraine from 1917 to 1919 . In 1919 he became a member of the board and in 1920 secretary of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions (AUCCTU). From 1922 to 1927/1928 he was chairman of the railway workers' union. From 1920 to 1921 he joined Trotsky and Bukharin . He then quickly joined Stalin's entourage; later, however, he never entirely lost the taint of his previous links with the opposition. Soon he was entrusted with other important functions of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). From 1924 to 1925 he was secretary in the Central Committee of the CPSU for the first time . From 1928 to 1929 he was secretary of the North Caucasian party organization and from 1930 to 1931 chairman of the party's Central Control Commission .

Government work

In the governments of the USSR he was under the chairman of the Molotov government from 1930 to 1931 People's Commissar for the Inspection of Workers and Peasants and from 1931 to 1935 Commissioner for the Railways of the USSR. In the Stalin government he worked from 1943 to 1945/46 as People's Commissar for Agriculture . From 1946 to 1953 was deputy chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR in the Stalin government.

At the center of power

From this post he rose as a Stalin supporter to a full member of the highest political body of the USSR, the Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) from February 4, 1932 to October 16, 1952. He was a specialist in the Politburo responsible for trade union issues for two other areas: As chairman of the party control commission, he had to ensure compliance with party discipline.

As a member of the Council of People's Commissars and chairman of the Council for Kolkhoz Affairs (from 1946 to 1952) he was one of the top experts in agriculture. From 1938/39 to 1946 he was in the important secretariat of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union for the second time . In 1939 he spoke on the XVIII. Party congress for the successful "Sweno system" (division into smaller groups of around 12 farm workers) in the organization of agriculture, in order to lead the workers back to more personal responsibility. In 1947 he called for a mobilization of the party organization in the collective farms and machine-tractor stations (MTS). Numerous communist functionaries were transferred from the cities to the countryside. Private property in the country was reduced to a minimum.

descent

In 1950 he was sharply criticized in an article in the party newspaper Pravda with regard to the Zveno system he had introduced - of course on the intervention of Stalin. He had to criticize himself - also in Pravda - and speak out in favor of the then usual brigade system (division into larger groups) in agriculture. At the beginning of 1952 he was arbitrarily excluded from participation in the Politburo meetings by Stalin ( Khrushchev reported on this in his secret speech at the XXth party congress of the CPSU in 1956 ). In October 1952 he also formally lost on the XIX. Held his top posts at the party congress, but remained a member of the party's central committee after his demotion by Stalin .

Honors

Andreyev received

• four times the order of Lenin
• the Order of the October Revolution

Locomotives were named after him.

literature

• Spuler: Regents and governments of the world (Minister-Ploetz; Vol. 4 and 5). 1964 and 1972
• Merle Fainsod : How Russia is governed . Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1965
• Michel Tatu: Power and Powerlessness in the Kremlin . Ullstein, 1967
• Andrej Andrejew , Internationales Biographisches Archiv 06/1972 from January 31, 1972, in the Munzinger archive ( beginning of article freely accessible)