Franz Böhm (politician)

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Franz Böhm (born February 16, 1895 in Konstanz , † September 26, 1977 in Rockenberg ) was a German politician (CDU), lawyer and economist. He was an important representative of the social market economy and ordoliberalism.

Life

Böhm's father worked as a public prosecutor in Konstanz, later as a university advisor in the Ministry of Culture and finally as Grand Ducal Minister of Culture and Education in Baden and shaped the son in the liberal - Protestant tradition of the Baden bourgeoisie . Franz Böhm married Marietta Ceconi, the daughter of Ricarda Huch , in 1926 . The son from this marriage, Alexander Böhm (1929-2006), became a professor of penal law.

Franz Böhm was a lieutenant in the First World War ; at the beginning of 1918, as leader of an infantry gun platoon in the Asia Corps, he ended up in the Jordan Valley and the Dead Sea . After the end of the First World War , Böhm, who was Protestant , studied law and political science at the Albert-Ludwigs-University , where he joined the Corps Rhenania Freiburg . He passed the assessor exam in 1924 and was appointed public prosecutor . At the beginning of 1925 he was given leave to work in the Reich Ministry of Economics as a consultant under Paul Josten in the cartel department. After positive feedback on some publications on the question of monopolies and business cartels , he returned to Freiburg in 1931, received his doctorate in 1932 and completed his habilitation in 1933. Böhm became one of the founders of the so-called Freiburg School and, together with Walter Eucken and Hans Großmann-Doerth, has been the founder of the so-called ordoliberalism . In 1937 he was one of the founders of the series of publications, the order of the economy, which constituted the Freiburg School .

At the beginning of the 1930s, Böhm came out against the discrimination and persecution of fellow citizens of the Jewish faith. In 1938 he and his mother-in-law Ricarda Huch were indicted under the treachery law on the basis of a denunciation by the National Socialist Richard Kolb . The official criminal proceedings ended in 1940 with the withdrawal of his license to teach. During the Nazi regime , contrary to previous intentions, Böhm was not offered a chair in Freiburg. While he was substituting for a professorship in Jena , Böhm's connections to Freiburg remained. Böhm had contacts with the Neubauer-Poser Group , belonged to the Freiburg Council , the Freiburg Bonhoeffer Circle and the Erwin von Beckerath working group , as well as the advisory group of Carl Friedrich Goerdeler , for whom he co-authored an economic report. Only because of a confusion of names, Böhm was not arrested and convicted after the assassination attempt on July 20, 1944 . After the end of the war, Böhm was given a professorship in Freiburg and in 1945 he was the university's prorector. In 1946 he accepted a position at the University of Frankfurt and was its rector from 1948 to 1949. In 1948, together with Walter Eucken, he founded the ORDO yearbook, which is still published today . In addition, the ordoliberal theories were also put into practice in the scientific advisory board of the later Federal Ministry of Economics , to which almost all members of the Erwin von Beckerath working group belonged.

Böhm was first chairman (1949–71) of the Society for Christian-Jewish Cooperation in Frankfurt am Main and co-initiator of the German Coordination Council of Societies for Christian-Jewish Cooperation (1949). From 1951 to 1969 he was Chairman of the Board of the Institute for Social Research Foundation (Frankfurt am Main).

science

Böhm's research referred to the principle that economic competition as the basis of a market economy requires the legal order. In doing so, he contradicted the prevailing view of the necessity of an organized economy. Böhm's research led to the fact that it was recognized in the political arena that competition left to itself leads to its own destruction if legal means cannot be used against restrictions of competition . The result in Germany was an internationally recognized and highly developed antitrust law , which has also had an impact on the training of competition law in the European Community.

politics

Böhm, who had belonged to the DVP in 1924/25 , was a member of the CDU after 1945. On November 1, 1945 he became Minister for Culture and Education of the State of Hesse under the non-party Prime Minister Karl Geiler . After he was deemed unsuitable by the American military government of Greater Hesse to introduce a school policy geared towards democratization, he was dismissed on February 15, 1946. Böhm was a member of the German Bundestag from 1953 to 1965. In 1954 he gave the speech in the Bundestag at the state ceremony commemorating the first anniversary of June 17, 1953 . At the suggestion of Konrad Adenauer , from 1952 Böhm was head of the German delegation for the reparation negotiations between the State of Israel, the world Jewish associations and the Federal Republic ( Luxembourg Agreement ). An attempt was made to injure him as well as Chancellor Adenauer and Otto Küster with a letter bomb. From February 17, 1955 to 1965, he was deputy chairman of the Bundestag Committee on Reparation .

Honors

Works

  • The problem of private power . In: The Justice. Born 1928, No. 3, pp. 324-345.
  • Competition and monopoly struggle. An investigation into the question of economic combat law and the question of the legal structure of the current economic order . Berlin 1933.
  • Cartels and freedom of association . Carl Heymann Verlag, Berlin 1933.
  • Law and power . In: Die Tatwelt. Born in 1934, No. 10, pp. 115-132.
  • The order of the economy as a historical task and legal creative achievement . In: order of the economy. Vol. 1, 1937.
  • Economic order and state constitution . Tubingen 1950.
  • Speeches and writings. About the order of a free society and about reparation . Edited by Ernst-Joachim Mestmäcker. Karlsruhe 1960.
  • Private law company and market economy . In: ORDO . Yearbook for the Order of Economy and Society. 17: 75-151 (1966). Review: Not only for students ... In: Die Zeit . No. 39/1966.

See also

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Walter Henkels : 99 Bonner Köpfe , Econ Verlag, Düsseldorf / Vienna 1963. (p. 48)
  2. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 35/893
  3. ^ Böhm, Franz | Frankfurt dictionary of persons. Retrieved December 28, 2019 .
  4. ↑ Ulrich Immenga: Franz Böhm. In: Rolf H. Hasse, Hermann Schneider, Klaus Weigelt (Eds.): Lexicon Social Market Economy. UTB, Freiburg 2002, p. 25.
personal data
SURNAME Boehm, Franz
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German politician (CDU), Member of the Bundestag
DATE OF BIRTH February 16, 1895
PLACE OF BIRTH Constancy
DATE OF DEATH September 26, 1977
Place of death Rockenberg