Neubauer-Poser Group
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The Neubauer Poser group was in the underground active communist -led resistance group during World War II , the Central and East Thuringia , focused on the cities of Gotha ( Theodor Neubauer ) and Jena ( Magnus Poser ) had its field of action.
Emergence
In the two Thuringian industrial centers of Jena and Gotha, the underground political work of communist groups had already regained a foothold before the beginning of the Second World War, after they had been established and strengthened by the arrest of activists of the workers' parties in the first three to four years of the establishment and consolidation of the Nazi regime had almost come to a standstill. In the period 1936/1937, many of the convicts released from prisons and concentration camps came back. Many got to know each other anew, even though they came from different circles, exchanged their experiences and thought about jointly arranged educational campaigns.
In October 1941, Annegret Wölk contacted Magnus Poser in Jena on behalf of Theodor Neubauer. A meeting was arranged in Tabarz , which took place on New Year's Day.
Agreed actions
The groups agreed to work together on the production and distribution of educational pamphlets. The technical prerequisites had already been created by the people of Jena in particular: a duplicating machine could be obtained in Jena , which was stationed at various locations. Hundreds of leaflets and leaflets were produced, which were distributed in the area of the Zeiss and Schott companies , but also among soldiers and the rural population. While A4 formats were used at first, for practical reasons they later switched to much smaller ones with thin paper. The topics were: "Hitler's war is lost" (September 1943, 1,500 copies), "Report on the situation" (October 1943, 700 copies), "You know that Hitler lost his war" (spring 1944, 1,500 copies) .), "Camerades!" (Addressed to forced laborers and prisoners of war, two-sided, in French, 700 Rex.), "Letter to the prisoners of war Red Army soldiers , Eastern workers" (June 1944, in Russian, two-sided, 560 copies). The paper was obtained from Jena, the texts were written by Theodor Neubauer - with the exception of the letter written in Russian by Willi Arnold from Jena . The leaflets reached Berlin , Leipzig , Chemnitz , Dortmund , Erfurt , Gotha, Zella-Mehlis and other places, even as far as the Buchenwald concentration camp . In addition, sabotage was organized in arms production , in which even some forced laborers took part.
Of particular importance was a meeting on September 11, 1943 in Münchenrodaer Grund, in which representatives of both resistance regions took part and an 8-point program was adopted, with which the priorities for overcoming German-fascist rule were formulated.
In November 1943, it was agreed to develop links with intellectuals (doctors, teachers, pastors) and with the rural population. The best-known names are those of pastor Carl Vogl in Isserstedt and the poet Ricarda Huch in Jena. House groups were formed and discussion groups were officially given out as chess games in private apartments and smaller restaurants. A doctor wrote resistance fighters unable to work or gave drugs to forced laborers. In a diverse, small-scale structure, a network of resistance had formed that was supposed to accelerate the end of the war and help prepare forces for a new beginning after the end of the Nazi state.
members of the group
Willi Arnold , Paul Krahn , Paul Brendel , Paul Jahresling , Carl Vogl , Auguste Wehner , Rudolf Wehner , Annegret Wölk , Walter Konopatzki , Albert Bauer, Hans Luft, Rolf Reitmeier , Rudolf Koch, Hermann Müller, Walter Schmidt, Gustav Probsthain , Otto Lang , Gerhard Sauthoff, Charlotte Wieczorek , Annemarie Rambusch , Karl Rambusch , Fritz Wolf, Lydia Poser , Franz Böhm , Erich Preiser , Erich Gutenberg , Heinrich Gerland , Waldemar Machholz , Friedrich Zucker , Hermann Schultze von Lassaulx , Franz Jerusalem , Gerhard von Rad , Theodor Lockemann , Ernst Pape , Gustav Kirchner , Otto Schulze, Arsak Megrian , Rudolf Hartmann, Martha Rosenkranz , Hermann Schwarz, Wilhelm Richter , Eberhard Lenz, Paul Kittel , Edmund Labonté , Walter Feuerstein , Fritz Grebe, Elisabeth Neubauer .
The end
The organized resistance of the group was hit hard with the liquidation of the two leaders of the resistance group:
On July 14, 1944, Magnus Poser was arrested at his workplace, the company, and taken to the Weimar Gestapo prison . After a week he tried to escape during the night, but was struck down with rifle shots and taken to the Buchenwald concentration camp, where he died hours later.
On the same day Theodor Neubauer was arrested in Tabarz and taken to the Gestapo prison in Weimar. On January 8, 1945, the People's Court sentenced him to death. On February 5, 1945, he was executed with the guillotine in Brandenburg-Görden .
literature
- Gertrud Glondajewski, Heinz Schumann: The Neubauer Poser Group. Documents and materials from the illegal anti-fascist struggle (Thuringia 1939–1945) . Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1957.
- Thuringian Association of the Persecuted of the Nazi Regime - Association of Antifascists and Study Group of German Resistance 1933–1945 (Ed.): Local history guide to sites of resistance and persecution 1933–1945 , Volume 8 Thuringia, Frankfurt / Main 2003 , ISBN 978-3-88864 -343-9
- Hermann Weber , Andreas Herbst : German communists. Biographisches Handbuch 1918 to 1945. 2nd, revised and greatly expanded edition. Dietz, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-320-02130-6 ( online ).
- Wolfgang Benz , Walter H. Pehle (Hrsg.): Lexicon of the German resistance. Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-596-15083-3
- Steffen Kachel : A red-red special path? Social Democrats and Communists in Thuringia 1919 to 1949 (= publications of the Historical Commission for Thuringia. Small series, Volume 29), Böhlau Verlag: Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2011 ISBN 978-3-412-20544-7 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Local history guide, p. 154
- ↑ Ruth Bahmann: Magnus Poser. Life picture of a communist , ed. v. District leadership Gera of the SED, commission for researching the history of the local labor movement and district leadership Jena-Stadt of the SED, commission for researching the history of the local labor movement (= life will be our program. Life pictures of revolutionary fighters , issue 1), Jena 1981/82.
- ^ Christian Ostermann: Neubauer, Theodor Thilo. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 98 ( digitized version ).