Erich Preiser

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Erich Preiser (born August 29, 1900 in Gera , † August 16, 1967 in Munich ) was a German economist of the 20th century.

Life

Frankfurt am Main

He attended the Goethe-Gymnasium in Frankfurt am Main, at that time a reform high school with its own Frankfurt curriculum . In 1918, after graduating from high school, he had to do military service for a few more months before he could begin studying history and classical philology at the University of Frankfurt am Main . Since the summer semester of 1919 he was a member of the Old Strasbourg Burschenschaft Germania . Impressed by the personality of Franz Oppenheimer , however, he changed his subjects in 1920 and chose economics and sociology. In 1923 he was awarded the dissertation The Marxian Crisis Theory and Its Further Education. Presentation and criticism , which he wrote at Oppenheimer, received his doctorate summa cum laude; then he worked with his teacher as a seminar assistant. During this time he had his friend, economic researcher Eugen Altschul , as a competent partner . In 1928 he submitted his habilitation thesis The Expansion of the Modern Industrial State, which Oppenheimer rated extremely positively. However, since there was sharp criticism from other quarters, Preiser withdrew his habilitation application.

Tübingen, Stuttgart, Rostock

As early as 1930 he was able to do his habilitation with another habilitation thesis on the subject of the position of private economics in the system of economics at the University of Tübingen with Wilhelm Rieger for private economics. He had intensive discussions in Tübingen with his friend Hans Peter , especially about problems of the economic cycle. On the basis of his book Basics of Business Theory , his venia legendi was expanded to include economics in 1933. In Tübingen he also devoted himself to studies of economic structure, as suggested by his teacher Oppenheimer. As a result, his book The Württemberg economy as a model appeared in 1937 .

After working as a substitute at the Technical University of Stuttgart and at the University of Rostock , he was appointed associate professor there in 1937, and a full professor the following year. In 1939 he was called up for military service to take part in the attack on Poland . At that time he accepted a position at the University of Jena .

During the National Socialist era , Erich Preiser joined the SA in 1934 and the NSDAP in 1937 .

Jena

During his time in Jena he mainly worked on problems of the economic order and participated - together with Franz Böhm , who lives in Jena - in the working sessions of the third Freiburg district, the Erwin von Beckerath working group ; Besides Böhm, Walter Eucken and Adolf Lampe were important and friendly discussion partners for him. In 1942 he was called up again and deployed on the Eastern Front near Rshew , but then released after staying in a hospital. In Jena in 1943 he also took on the task of editing the year books for economics and statistics together with Friedrich Lütge .

Together with Erich Gutenberg and Friedrich Zucker , he was part of Ricarda Huch's discussion group . There were also contacts with the Neubauer Poser Group .

On 5th / 6th In July 1945 he took part in a meeting with the managing rector of the University of Jena, Friedrich Zucker , the professors Erich Gutenberg and Jussuf Ibrahim and the English scholar Gustav Kirchner, which was held in the hotel "Ölmühle" in Jena in preparation for the reopening of the university by Walter Ulbricht and An inspection group of the SMAD led by the German political experts of the Soviet Foreign Ministry Andrei A. Smirnow and Vladimir S. Semjonow was held. The official reopening of the University of Jena took place on October 15, 1945.

Heidelberg

In 1946 Erich Preiser was offered a professorship at Heidelberg University and, as Alfred Weber's successor, took over his chair for economics . Since 1947 he worked in this function in the Philosophical Faculty. Victor Zarnowitz , Wilhelm Krelle , Alfred Eugen Ott and Ernst Helmstädter gained particular importance in the field of economics from his numerous Heidelberg students .

In addition to his teaching activities, Preiser devoted himself intensively to participating in the Scientific Advisory Board of the Federal Ministry of Economics , to which he was a member from its establishment until his death. There he met not only friends from earlier times, but also new ones, in particular Oswald von Nell-Breuning , with whom he agreed in many ways. In 1948 he also took over the publication of the Political Science Department of the Encyclopedia of Law and Political Science , for which he won over important authors, not least Walter Eucken , Carl Joachim Friedrich , Erich Gutenberg, Wilhelm Kromphardt , Friedrich Lütge and Günter Schmölders . Since the founding of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research in 1949, he has been a member of its research advisory board . In 1953 he was appointed to the Philosophical-Historical Class of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences . In 1955 he described and named the two dynamic types of profit, market situation profit and pioneer profit .

Munich

In 1956 he accepted a call to the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich , where he taught until his death; his lectures attracted quite a few non-specialists. In the same year he was appointed to the Philosophical-Historical Class of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . Since 1959 he has been a member of the board of trustees of the Ifo Institute for Economic Research e. V. Munich. As a member of the structural advisory board for the founding of the University of Regensburg , he has been particularly committed to shaping the new business and economics faculty since 1965. Albert Jeck , Peter Kalmbach, Peter Kuhbier, Karl Heinrich Oppenländer and Peter K. Reitter deserve special mention among his students from his time in Munich .

Honors

During his time in Munich he received various honors: in 1964 he received an honorary doctorate from the Law Faculty of the University of Bonn ; In the same year he was invited to give the commemorative speech for the 100th birthday of his teacher Franz Oppenheimer on the occasion of the anniversary celebrations of the University of Frankfurt am Main . In 1967 he was the first economist to be awarded the Reuchlin Prize by the city of Pforzheim. Shortly before his death, he received the news that the University of Tübingen had decided on his honorary doctorate, but it could no longer be completed. In 1980 the University of Passau organized a commemorative symposium for the 80th birthday, in 2000 the University of Heidelberg organized a celebratory event for the 100th birthday.

Services

“He will find his place in the history of German economics as one of those who brought German economics back into line with international developments, the social impulse that helped shape German economics in the 19th and early 20th centuries , saved over into a new era and brought new and essential ideas, especially in the field of business cycle and distribution theory. ” Wilhelm Krelle : Erich Preiser August 29, 1900 - August 16, 1967. A great German economist. In: Yearbooks for Economics and Statistics . 181/1968. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, p. 509.

Works

Independent works

  • Basics of the business cycle theory , JCB Mohr (Paul Siebeck), Tübingen 1933
  • The Württemberg economy as a role model. The investigations of the East Prussia-Württemberg working group , Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1937
  • The future of our economic order , 5th edition, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1968
  • Growth and Income Distribution , 3rd edition, Carl Winter, Heidelberg 1970
  • Political Economy Today. An introduction to economics , 15th edition, CH Beck, Munich 1992, ISBN 3-406-34780-0

Collected Writings

  • Education and distribution of national income. Collected essays on economic theory and economic policy , 4th edition, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1970
  • Economic policy today. Basic problems of the market economy , 6th edition, CH Beck, Munich 1978 (selected lectures)
  • Political Economy in the 20th Century. Problems and Design , CH Beck, Munich 1970, ISBN 3-406-02469-6 (selected works)
  • Economics in transition. Collected writings on economic theory and economic policy , Georg Olms, Hildesheim 1975

Editorships

  • Yearbooks for economics and statistics , together with Friedrich Lütge (since 1943)
  • Encyclopedia of Law and Political Science. Department of Political Science (since 1950)
  • Studium Generale , together with Karl Heinrich Bauer a . a. (since 1950)

literature

  • Wilhelm Krelle: Preiser, Erich . In: Baden-Württemberg biographies . Volume 1, 1994, pp. 284-289
  • Johannes Schmidt: Growth and Distribution in the Money Economy. The scientific work of Erich Preiser (1900–1967) , Metropolis, Marburg 1998, ISBN 3-89518-181-1
  • Detlef J. Blesgen: Erich Preiser. Work and economic policy effects of a German economist , Springer, Berlin a. a. 2000, ISBN 3-540-67133-1 [Basic biography with personal bibliography and index of literature on EP]
  • Knut Borchardt :  Preiser, Erich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 20, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-00201-6 , pp. 687 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Helmut Marcon, Heinrich Strecker : Article 72. Arnold Richard Julius Erich Preiser, in: 200 years of economics and political science at the Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. Life and work of the professors, Vol. I, Steiner, Stuttgart 2004, pp. 529–537, ISBN 3-515-06657-8 [with personal bibliography and list of literature on EP]
  • Dagmar Drüll: Heidelberger Gelehrtenlexikon 1933 - 1986 , 2009, p. 474f. [with literature on EP after 2000]

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Jan-Otmar Hesse in a review of Blesgen, Detlef. J: Erich Preiser. Work and economic policy effects of a German economist (1900–1967). [1]
  2. ↑ Erich Preiser, multiplier process and dynamic entrepreneurship , in: Journal of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 167, No. 2/3 (1955), pp. 89-126
personal data
SURNAME Preiser, Erich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German economist
DATE OF BIRTH 29th August 1900
PLACE OF BIRTH Gera , Thuringia
DATE OF DEATH August 16, 1967
Place of death Munich