Karl Kleist (neurologist)

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Grave of Karl Kleist in the Frankfurt main cemetery , Gewann D

Karl Kleist (born January 31, 1879 in Mulhouse ( Alsace ), † December 26, 1960 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a German neurologist , psychiatrist and university professor .

resume

After graduating from high school in his hometown, Kleist studied medicine from 1897 to 1902 in Strasbourg, Heidelberg, Berlin and Munich. In 1902 he was promoted to Dr. med. is doing her doctorate with the dissertation Changes in the spinal ganglion cells after cutting through the peripheral nerves and the posterior roots . Then in 1903 he became an assistant at the University Psychiatric Clinic in Halle, where he was a student of Carl Wernicke , who had a fatal accident on a bicycle tour in the Thuringian Forest in 1905. He stayed in Halle until 1908 and then moved to the Psychiatric and Mental Hospital Erlangen with Gustav Specht in 1909 . In 1909 Kleist completed his habilitation on the subject of further examinations on the mentally ill with psychomotor disorders . He then worked as an associate professor at the University of Erlangen .

After the outbreak of the First World War , he became a military doctor in 1914. In his work he was able to gain experience with brain injuries and later assign the functions in the cerebral cortex ( Brain Pathology , 1934). Kleist became director of the Rostock University Psychiatric Clinic in 1916 , where he was appointed full professor and at the same time director of the Gehlsheim institution . In 1920 he moved to the University of Frankfurt am Main as a full professor , where he also worked as director of the city's mental hospital and university.

During the National Socialist era, Kleist joined the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) in 1940 , and in 1942 he became a member of the National Socialist Medical Association . During the Second World War he was a senior physician and advisory military psychiatrist in Wehrkreis IX in Frankfurt.

Kleist retired in 1950, but remained head of the Frankfurt Research Center for Brain Pathology and Psychopathology until 1960 and continued to do research.

Act

Kleist followed the tradition of Carl Wernicke , whose neurological and psychiatric school he continued together with Karl Leonhard . In-depth work on the classification of mental illnesses, brain pathology and endogenous psychoses. Kleist coined the term cycloid psychoses . His main publication is in the field of neurology: Localization of function in the human cerebral cortex including brain maps in his famous work Brain Pathology (1934). His work is based on the investigation of a few hundred cases of gunshot wounds during the First World War, the functional failures of which Kleist carefully examined and analyzed during the life of the patients. After their death, if they had consented to an autopsy, he examined the brains macroscopically and microscopically (cytoarchitectonics). Now he was able to precisely assign functional failure and brain lesion . In this way, meticulous brain maps with detailed localization of the function were created.

The concept of Koinopsyche goes back to Kleist.

Honors

Publications (selection)

  • The clinical position of the motility psychoses . (Lecture at the meeting of the Association of Bavarian Psychiatrists, Munich, June 6-7, 1911). In: Z total Neurol Psychiat Referate 1911, 3, pp. 914–977
  • About cycloid degeneration psychoses, especially confusion and motility psychoses. In: Arch Psychiat 1926, 78, pp. 100-115.
  • About cycloid, paranoid and epileptoid psychoses and about the question of degeneration psychoses. In: Switzerland Arch Neurol Psychiat. 1928, 23: pp. 3-37.
  • Brain pathology. Johann Ambrosius Barth-Verlag, Leipzig 1934.
  • War injuries to the brain and their significance for brain localization and brain pathology. Johann Ambrosius Barth-Verlag, Leipzig 1934.
  • The breakdown of neuropsychic diseases. Monthly psychiatry Neurol. 1925, 125, pp. 526-554.

literature

  • J. Angst, A. Marneros: Bipolarity from ancient to modern times: conception, birth and rebirth. In: Journal of affective disorders. Volume 67, Numbers 1-3, December 2001, pp. 3-19, ISSN  0165-0327 . PMID 11869749 . (Review).
  • Gunter Mann:  Kleist, Karl. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 12, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1980, ISBN 3-428-00193-1 , p. 30 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • KJ Neumärker, AJ Bartsch: Karl Kleist (1879-1960) - a pioneer of neuropsychiatry. In: History of psychiatry. Volume 14, Number 56 Pt 4, December 2003, pp. 411-458, ISSN  0957-154X . PMID 14740633 .
  • H. Steinberg: Karl Kleist and his refusal of an appointment at Leipzig in 1923. In: History of psychiatry. Volume 16, Number 63 Pt 3, September 2005, pp. 333-343, ISSN  0957-154X . PMID 16193628 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Ernst Klee: The dictionary of persons on the Third Reich. Who was what before and after 1945? Fischer-Taschenbuch-Verlag, Frankfurt / M. 2011, ISBN 978-3-596-16048-8 .
  2. ^ Member entry by Karl Kleist at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on April 11, 2015.
  3. ↑ a b c d e Catalogus Professorum Rostochiensium - Entry: Kleist, Karl
personal data
SURNAME Kleist, Karl
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist, neurologist and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH January 31, 1879
PLACE OF BIRTH Mulhouse ( Alsace )
DATE OF DEATH December 26, 1960
Place of death Frankfurt am Main