Cycloid psychoses

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The term cycloid psychoses was first used by Karl Kleist in 1928 . The title of his work already shows that the theories of Bénédict Augustin Morel about the concept of degeneration presented by him in 1860 played a decisive role in this. The meaning of the term cycloid psychoses is to distinguish this group of diseases from the outcome of schizophrenic psychosis, which was previously viewed as unfavorable (longitudinal diagnosis), although the symptoms of cycloid psychoses correspond more to those of atypical schizophrenia (cross-sectional diagnosis). Schizophrenia has been defined by its unfavorable course since 1899 as a result of research by Emil Kraepelin . However, there are now numerous exceptions to this “Kraepelin rule”. One of these exceptions is the prognosis of cycloid diseases. According to Kleist, it can usually be made favorable for this group of diseases. Such mixed states between schizophrenia and affective psychoses , however, were also known to Kraepelin as early as 1920.

In 1863, Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum already presented the concept of "Vesania typica circularis" and in 1884 used the term "cyclical insanity". With cycloid. the change of disease phases is meant between usually several years symptom-free interval and disease phases.

The actual concept of "cycloid psychoses" was developed by the German professor Karl Leonhard in 1957.

Karl Leonhard distinguished the following forms:

  • Anxiety-happiness psychosis with predominantly emotional disorders
  • Excited-inhibited confusion psychosis with predominant disturbance of thinking
  • Akinetic-hyperkinetic motility psychosis with predominantly motor disorders

K. Leonhard counted the cycloid psychoses together with the phasic psychoses (under which he categorized affective diseases) to be endogenous psychoses .

Leonhard's descriptions have also been integrated into the current ICD-10 criteria.

The term "cycloid psychosis" is included in the current ICD-10 (WHO) diagnostic system and is recorded with the diagnosis codes F23.0 and F23.1 (duration less than three months) and F28 (duration over three months).

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Kleist : About cycloid, paranoid and epileptoid psychoses and about the question of degeneration psychoses. In: Arch. Neurol. Psychiatr. Pp. 23-27.
  2. ^ Bénédict Augustin Morel : Traité des maladies mentales . Masson, Paris 1860.
  3. ^ Emil Kraepelin : The diagnosis and prognosis of dementia praecox. In: General journal for psychiatry. Volume 56, 1899, pp. 254–263 (author's report)
  4. ^ Emil Kraepelin: The manifestations of insanity. In: Z. total. Neurol. Psychiatry. 40, pp. 405-406.
  5. ^ Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum : The grouping of mental illnesses and the classification of mental disorders. Kafemann, Danzig 1863.
  6. ↑ Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum: About cyclical insanity. In: Allg. Z. Psychiatry. 40, pp. 405-406.
  7. ^ Karl Leonhard : Division of the endogenous psychoses . Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1957.
  8. ↑ H. Dilling, W. Mombour, MH Schmidt (Ed.): International Classification of Mental Disorders, ICD-10 Chapter V (F) Clinical-Diagnostic Performance Lines. 8th edition. Verlag Hans Huber, Bern 2011. p. 155.