Johannes Aesticampianus

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Johannes Rhagius Aesticampianus (also Johannes Rack , Hans Rack , Sorbian Jan Rak ; * 1457 in Sommerfeld , Niederlausitz ; † May 31, 1520 in Wittenberg ) was a Sorbian scholar, theologian and humanist who lived in Basel , Mainz , Frankfurt / Oder , Leipzig , Paris , Cologne , Cottbus , Freiberg and Wittenberg taught. He was poeta laureatus .

Live and act

Johannes Rak was born in Sommerfeld around 1457 as the son of Matthias Rak. After the early death of his father, his grandfather Martin Rak, a Sommerfeld mayor, influenced his upbringing. Supported by a financial legacy of his grandfather, he began his studies on May 19, 1491 at the Cracow University , where he first turned to the studies of natural history and astronomy. There he acquired under the influence of Conrad Celtis the bachelor and began with the publication of writings.

On the recommendation of Conrad Celtis, Rhagius undertook a study trip to Vienna , Venice , Padua , Ferrara , Rome and finally to Bologna in 1499 to study Greek. In Bologna he was a student of Philipp Beroaldus and made friends with Jakob Questenberg (* around 1460; † around 1527).

After he was crowned a poet by the Pope with the coveted title poeta laureatus , he turned to the University of Basel at Easter 1501 , where he first made the Cebes tablets known this side of the Alps. After a short stay in Augsburg and the participation in a disputation between Jakob Wimpheling and Thomas Murner in Strasbourg , he received the professorship for moral philosophy and rhetoric at the University of Mainz in the winter semester of 1501 , which he held until 1505.

In 1506 he accepted a call to the newly founded Brandenburg University in Frankfurt , where he was appointed professor of poetics and rhetoric alongside Gregor Schmerlin . One of his students was Ulrich von Hutten , whom he had already met in Mainz in 1505 and who followed him to Frankfurt (Oder) in 1506 . Furthermore, other students gathered around Rhagius, such as the nephews of the Bishop of Lebus, since he was the first scholar to teach Greek. As a polemic humanist he got into a dispute with the leading theologian Konrad Wimpina and because of this he left Frankfurt with some of his students in 1508 to turn to Leipzig . However , his ideas also met with resistance at the University of Leipzig , so that after a speech in 1511, Duke Georg von Sachsen approved the expulsion of the professor from Leipzig.

Because of his expulsion from Leipzig and an appeal to Pope Julius II, Rhagius made a second trip to Rome. Here he did his doctorate in Dr. of theology and acquired the privilege of appointing six “poetae laureati”. In 1512 he was a temporary teacher of Greek in Paris and in 1513 a teacher at the University of Cologne , where he was again expelled because of disputes, this time with Johannes Reuchlin .

Rhagius continued his teaching activities unobtrusively. In 1514 he opened a Latin school in Cottbus and in 1515 in Freiberg , Saxony , where Ulrich Rülein von Calw had appointed him as head of the new grammar school, where his friends Petrus Mosellanus , Caspar Borner and Sobius, who followed him from Cologne, accompanied him and stood up for his use humanistic endeavors. In the long run, however, the work at the Latin schools did not meet the expectations of Rhagius.

Therefore he got in touch with Georg Spalatin and negotiated with him about a position at the University of Wittenberg . In the winter semester of 1517 he then took over the Pliny lectures. During the beginning of the Reformation movement in Wittenberg, he turned to the church and gave lectures on monastic life, St. Jerome and Augustine.

Since the winter of 1519 he was ailing and constantly suffering from shortness of breath, as Luther announced on May 22, 1520 to Rhagius' former companion, Johannes Lang (Longius). Shortly afterwards, Rhagius died on May 31st and was buried in the Wittenberg town church.

An epitaph in the city church of Lutherstadt Wittenberg on an ore plate describes the coronation of the deceased as a poet in a Latin text image and describes his activities in places on the Danube, the Rhine, the Oder, the Elbe, the Spree and the Seine . At the end is the day of his death, May 31, 1520.

Works

  • petri Heliae grammatica c. comment Joh.Summerfelt Argent 1499
  • Carmina Aesticampiani with the Versiculi Theodorici Gresmundi Strasbourg 1502
  • Carmen de Lusatia, quod Melanchthon Basileam, ut excuderetur, miserat, nescio quo fato periit, et nondum repertum est Date and place not given
  • Epigrammata Johannis Aesticampiani with Carmen Huttens Leipzig 1507
  • Modus epistolandi Magistri Johannis Aesticampiani Vienna 1515
  • Hymn in laudem Barbarae without place or year
  • Grammatica Martiani foelicis Capelle Frankfurt / Oder 1507
  • Tabula Cebetis Philosophi Socratici, cum Jo. Aesticampiani Epistola, Impr. Frankfurt / Oder 1507
  • Septem divi Hieronymi epistolae… cum Johanni Aesticampiani carmine Leipzig 1508
  • C. Plinii Secundi Veronensis ad Titum Vespasianum in Libros naturalis historiae Epistola cum praefatione JA Rhetoris et poetae Laureati Leipzig 1508
  • Germania of Tacitus Leipzig 1509
  • Augustini libellus de vita Christiana Leipzig 1518
  • Commentarius in Grammaticam Marciani Capellae, et Donati figuras
  • Marciani Capellae Rhetorica, cum Jo. Rhagii verbosa praefatione Leipzig 1509
  • M. Tullii Ciceronis de Oratrore libri III. Etc. Praefatus est Jo. Rhagius Aesticampianus Theologus, ad Vitum Werlerum Sulzfeldensem, editorem Leipzig 1515
  • Aurelii Augustini libellus de Vita christiana Leipzig 1518
  • Libanii graeci declamatoris disertismi, beati Johannis Chrysostomi praeceptoris, Epistolae, cum adjectis Johannis Summerfelt argumentis et emendatione et castigatione clarissimis

literature

Lexicon article

Monographs

  • Erhard Lachmann: Johann Rhagius Aesticampianus - a narrative review of the life story of the humanist. Roth & Cie., Leutkirch 1981.

Essays

  • Johannes Irmscher : The Sorbian humanist Jan Rak . In: Lětopis 30. 1983. pp. 41-45
  • Hans Theodor Koch: The Wittenberg Medical Faculty (1502-1652) - A biobibliographical overview. In: Stefan Oehmig: Medicine and social affairs in Central Germany during the Reformation. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-374-02437-7 .
  • * Heinz Scheible: Melanchthon's correspondence. People. Volume 11.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ what the altsorbischen word cancer corresponds
  2. ↑ Gundolf Keil , with the participation of Johannes G. Mayer and Monika Reininger: "a little Leonardo". Ulrich Rülein von Kalbe as a humanist, mathematician, mining scientist and doctor. In: Würzburg specialist prose studies. Contributions to medieval medicine, pharmacy and class history from the Würzburg Medical History Institute [Festschrift Michael Holler]. Edited by Gundolf Keil and edited by Johannes Gottfried Mayer and Christian Naser, Würzburg 1995 (= Würzburg medical historical research , 38), pp. 228–247; here: p. 228 f.
personal data
SURNAME Aesticampianus, Johannes
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Aesticampianus, Johannes Rhagius (full name); Rack, Johannes; Rack, Hans; Rak, Jan
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Sorbian scholar, theologian and humanist
DATE OF BIRTH 1457
PLACE OF BIRTH Sommerfeld , Lower Lusatia
DATE OF DEATH May 31, 1520
Place of death Wittenberg