Lutherstadt Wittenberg town church

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
City church from the market
City Church at Night (2010)
Altarpiece by Lucas Cranach the Elder and Lucas Cranach the Younger ("Reformation Altar")
Doodles on the back of the Reformation altar, before restoration
Floor relief plate on the south facade below the "Judensau"
Depiction of the " Judensau " on the south facade

The town and parish church of St. Marien in Lutherstadt Wittenberg is the preaching church of the reformers Martin Luther and Johannes Bugenhagen . Here the Holy Mass was celebrated for the first time in German and the Lord's Supper was distributed to the congregation for the first time " in both forms ", in bread and wine. The church is thus the mother church of the Reformation . The town and parish church of St. Marien has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996 .

history

The parish church of St. Marien was first mentioned in 1187. Originally it should have been a wooden church that belonged to the diocese of Brandenburg . Today's chancel and its southern aisle were built around 1280. Between 1412 and 1439 the nave was replaced by the three-aisled hall that still exists and the towers were erected, which were initially crowned with a stone pyramid. In 1522, during the iconoclasm initiated by Andreas Bodenstein , almost the entire interior was demolished and removed. Martin Luther therefore returned from the Wartburg to Wittenberg and gave his famous Invokavit sermons here . In the Schmalkaldic War of 1547, the stone pyramids were removed from the towers to create platforms for cannons. In 1556 the octagonal hoods were placed on the platforms and a clock and a tower house (inhabited until 1945) were built. Then the eastern gable and the room above for the ordinands were added . In 1811 the interior of the church was redesigned in the neo-Gothic style according to plans by the builder Carlo Ignazio Pozzi .

A thorough renovation followed in 1928 and 1980/83. In preparation for the 500th anniversary of the Reformation in 2017, work began on another comprehensive renovation in 2010. The church was consecrated again on November 30, 2014 after the construction work. The renovation of the towers was somewhat suspended for financial reasons; the towers were finished in summer 2015.

Since the beginning of 2013, the opera singer and entertainer Gunther Emmerlich has been the patron of the "500 × 500" fundraising campaign, in which 500 people, associations, families or companies are to be found who each donate 500 euros or more for the renovation of the church.

Furnishing

In the church is the Lucas Cranach d. Ä. and his son Lucas Cranach the Elder. J. painted altar, commonly referred to as the “Reformation Altar”. Cranach the Elder Ä. designed the altar and painted most of the front side; Cranach the Elder J. painted the panels on the back and completed the front. The altar was completed in 1547 and placed in the church that same year. According to tradition, Johannes Bugenhagen consecrated the altar. The middle panel of the front shows the Last Supper , with Martin Luther (as "Junker Jörg") as one of the disciples . The predella also shows Luther preaching the crucified to the Wittenberg congregation . In the depiction of the sacrament of baptism on the left panel, Philipp Melanchthon is baptizing the child. The right panel shows u. a. Johannes Bugenhagen. In 2016 the altar was restored.

Visible on the southern outer wall is the plastic and pictorial representation of the contemporary Jewish sow, dating from the High Middle Ages . This anti-Semitic motif became popular in the Middle Ages. It "adorned" (partly to this day) public buildings and churches and was then used to vilify and mock Jews. In 1988 a commemorative plaque by the sculptor Wieland Schmiedel was placed in the ground below the depiction of the Judensau on behalf of the town parish to draw attention to the historical consequences of hatred of Jews. In 2019 the district court had to decide whether the relief should be removed. In February 2020, the Naumburg Higher Regional Court confirmed that this relief may be preserved.

organ

The organ of the city church was built in 1983 by the organ building company Sauer (Frankfurt / Oder). Parts of the previous organs were used. The large middle section of the prospectus was taken from the organ from 1811, some registers of the organ from 1928 were also reused. The instrument has 53 registers (slider drawers) on three manuals and a pedal . The Spieltrakturen are mechanically, the Registertrakturen electrically.

I positive C – c 4
1. Wooden dacked 8th'
2. Quintadena 8th'
3. Principal 4 ′
4th Reed flute 4 ′
5. octave 2 ′
6th Forest flute 2 ′
7th Sif flute 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Scharff IV 1'
9. Sesquialtera II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
10. Zimbel III
11. Krummhorn 8th'
tremolo
II main work C – c 4
12. Flute principal 16 ′
13. Principal 8th'
14th Dumped 8th'
15th Black viola 8th'
16. octave 4 ′
17th Pointed flute 4 ′
18th Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
19th octave 2 ′
20th Mixture V
21st Mixture IV
22nd Cornet v 8th'
23. Trumpet 16 ′
24. Trumpet 8th'
tremolo
III Swell C – c 4
25th Darling Dumped 16 ′
26th Wooden principal 8th'
27. Reed flute 8th'
28. Salizional 8th'
29 Beat 8th'
30th octave 4 ′
31. recorder 4 ′
32. Rohrnasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
33. Ital. Principal 2 ′
34. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
35. octave 1'
36. Septquart II
37. Mixture V-VII
38. Cor anglais 16 ′
39. Hautbois 8th'
40. Clairon 4 ′
tremolo
Pedal C – f 1
41. Principal 16 ′
42. Sub-bass 16 ′
43. Soft bass 16 ′
44. Fifth bass 10 2 ⁄ 3  ′
45. Octave bass 8th'
46. Thought bass 8th'
47. Chorale bass 4 ′
48. Hollow flute 4 ′
49. Flat flute 2 ′
50. Back set IV
51. trombone 16 ′
52. Trumpet 8th'
53. Clarine 4 ′

In addition, there was an operational choir organ on the gallery south of the altar, which, however, was removed during the most recent construction work.

Bells

At the beginning of the 2000s, the bell cage in the south tower, including the Marien bell and Sunday bell, was renovated. These bells were hung on new oak yokes and equipped with new clappers. On this occasion the Orate bell was poured. The big bell will be restored in the future and will also be provided with a wooden yoke and a new clapper.

No.
  		Surname
  		Casting year
  		Foundry, casting location
  		Diameter
(mm) 		Weight
(kg) 		Nominal
(16th note) 		tower
 
1 Big bell 1635 Jacob Koenig, Erfurt 2000 ~ 5500 a 0 -5 North
2 Sunday bell 1583 Hans Oleman, Magdeburg 1585 ~ 2100 cis 1 -2 south
3 Marienglocke, Scharnette 1422 unknown 1170 ~ 820 f sharp 1 −8 south
4th Orate 2003 Art and bell foundry Lauchhammer 860 342 h 1 −11 south

General and Superintendent

From 1533 to 1817 the pastors of the town church were also general superintendents of the Saxon spa district and thus tied to the highest theological chairs at the University of Wittenberg .

  1. Johannes Bugenhagen (1533–1558)
  2. Paul Eber (1558–1569)
  3. Friedrich Widebrand (1570–1574)
  4. Kaspar Eberhard (1574-1575)
  5. Polycarp Leyser the Elder (1576–1587)
  6. David Voit (1587–1589)
  7. Urbanus Pierius also: pear tree (1590–1591)
  8. Polykarp Leyser the Elder (1593–1594)
  9. Aegidius Hunnius the Elder (1594–1603)
  10. Georg Mylius (1603-1607)
  11. Friedrich Balduin (1607–1627)
  12. Paul Röber (1627-1651)
  13. Abraham Calov (1656–1686)
  14. Balthasar Bebel (1686)
  15. Caspar Löscher (1687–1718)
  16. Gottlieb Wernsdorf the Elder (1719–1729)
  17. Johann Georg Abicht (1730–1740)
  18. Karl Gottlob Hofmann (1740–1774)
  19. Johann Friedrich Hirt (1775–1783)
  20. Karl Christian Tittmann (1784–1789)
  21. Karl Ludwig Nitzsch (1790-1817)

The University of Wittenberg was merged with the University of Halle after the Congress of Vienna in 1817 and the general superintendent's position was converted into a superintendent's position. Then the superintendents followed

  1. Karl Ludwig Nitzsch (1817–1831)
  2. Heinrich Leonhard Heubner (1832-1853)
  3. Immanuel Friedrich Emil Sander (1853-1859)
  4. Karl August Schapper (1860–1866)
  5. Karl Otto Bernhard Romberg (1867–1877)
  6. Georg Christian Rietschel (1878-1887)
  7. Carl Wilhelm Emil Quandt (1888–1908)
  8. Friedrich Wilhelm Orthmann (1908–1923)
  9. Maximilian Meichßner (1926–1954)
  10. Gerhard Böhm (1956–1976)
  11. Albrecht Steinwachs (1976–1997)
  12. Holger Herfurth (1999-2002)

The following superintendent of the church district Wittenberg is no longer the owner of a parish office of the town and parish church “St. Marien “, for this purpose, with effect from July 1, 2002, a parish pastor was established for management tasks in the Wittenberg parish.

In the course of a transfer, this pastoral position was filled for the first time with effect from January 1, 2003.

The first parish office of the town and parish church “St. Marien “has been vacant since then.

literature

  • Albrecht Steinwachs (text), Jürgen Maria Pietsch (photos): Evangelical town and parish church of St. Marien Lutherstadt Wittenberg. Edition Akanthusa, Spröda 2000, ISBN 3-00-006918-6 .
  • Ingrid Schulze: City Church to Wittenberg . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1995, ISBN 3-7954-5626-6 .

Web links

Commons : Wittenberg Stadtkirche  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Lutherstadt Wittenberg UNESCO World Heritage
  2. ↑ General renovation 2012–2015 , accessed on January 9, 2016.
  3. ^ Wittenberg town church is consecrated again after construction work . In: Die Welt , November 26, 2014
  4. ↑ Construction site telegram July 2015 , accessed on September 20, 2015
  5. ↑ Call for donations on the Wittenberg parish website ( memento of the original from January 15, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed December 3, 2014 @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtkirchengemeinde-wittenberg.de
  6. ↑ Albrecht Steinwachs, Jürgen Maria Pietsch: The Reformation Altar by Lukas Cranach the Elder. in the town church of St. Marien, Lutherstadt Wittenberg . Edition Akanthus, Spröda 1998, ISBN 3-00-003075-1 .
  7. ↑ From the shadow of the father: A national exhibition is dedicated to the painter Lucas Cranach the Elder. J. In: Monuments , vol. 24 (2014), issue 3.
  8. ↑ Albrecht Steinwachs: "I look at you with joy ...". Pictures from the Lucas-Cranach workshop in the Wittenberg town church St. Marien . Edition Akanthus, Spröda 2006, ISBN 978-3-00-017944-0 , p. 9.
  9. ^ A Cranach project: restoration of the Reformation altar in Wittenberg . In: Monumente , vol. 26 (2016), issue 3, p. 18.
  10. ↑ The Jew as a traitor. Anti-Jewish polemics and Christian art. A working aid for the Wittenberg “Reformation Altar” by Lucas Cranach the Elder in the context of the Christian-Jewish relationship , ed. by the Evangelical Church in the Rhineland, Düsseldorf 2014 ( online ), pp. 16–18 on “Judensau”; P. 8–11 on the representation of Judas on the Reformation altar.
  11. ↑ Wittenberg "Jewish pig" -relief allowed to stay , MDR from May 24, 2019
  12. ↑ Sueddeutsche.de: Church relief: OLG rejects appeal , February 2020
  13. ↑ Information on the Sauer Organ
  14. ↑ Constanze Treuber and others: Cast diversity. Bells in Saxony-Anhalt. Hinstorff, Rostock 2007, p. 161.
  15. ^ Official Journal of the Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony . No. 11 , 1998, pp. 138 .
  16. ^ Association for pastors in the Evangelical Church of the ecclesiastical province of Saxony eV (Hrsg.): Pastors' book of the ecclesiastical province of Saxony, Volume 4: Biograms He - Kl . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2006, p. 116 .
  17. ^ Association for pastors in the Evangelical Church of the ecclesiastical province of Saxony eV (Hrsg.): Pastor's book of the ecclesiastical province of Saxony, Volume 10: Series Pastorum . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2009, p. 725 .
  18. ^ Official Journal of the Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony . No. 8 , 2002, p. 124 .
  19. ^ Official Journal of the Evangelical Church of the Church Province of Saxony . No. 2 , 2003, p. 30 .
  20. ^ Association for pastors in the Evangelical Church of the ecclesiastical province of Saxony eV (Hrsg.): Pastor's book of the ecclesiastical province of Saxony, Volume 10: Series Pastorum . Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2009, p. 725 .

Coordinates: 51 ° 51 ′ 59.4 "  N , 12 ° 38 ′ 41.3"  E