Johann Georg Abicht

Johann Georg Abicht, copper engraving from the library collection of the Protestant seminary of Lutherstadt Wittenberg

Johann Georg Abicht (born March 21, 1672 in Königsee , † June 5, 1740 in Wittenberg ) was a German Lutheran theologian and linguist of the 17th century.

Life

Johann Georg Abicht was born in Königsee , the son of the white tanner and leather goods dealer Johann Michael Abicht and his wife Margaretha Magdalena . After the early death of his father, his mother tried to give him the knowledge he needed for his future. From 1685 he attended the grammar school in Rudolstadt , after he obtained his Abitur there in 1692, he matriculated at the Jena University , the following year he turned to the University of Leipzig . In 1697 he obtained his master's degree , taught at the university and later became an assessor in the philosophical faculty. In 1702 he took over the professorship for the Hebrew language in Leipzig. In September 1708 he was awarded a Licentiate of Protestant theology and a doctorate on 8 November of the same year Doctor of Protestant theology . After he had already held services at the University Church of St. Paul in 1710, he took over the professorship for Protestant theology in 1711 and was rector of the Leipzig Academy in the winter semester of 1711 . On January 2, 1715 he was elected a foreign member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences .

In 1717 he came to Danzig as general superintendent , where he also took over the pastor's office at the Trinity Church. In his time Abicht was considered a connoisseur of the Hebrew antiquities. Therefore, he enjoyed an excellent reputation and was called to Wittenberg as a primary professor of theology in 1729 , where he succeeded Gottlieb Wernsdorf the Elder as general superintendent of the Saxon spa districts at Pentecost 1730 and was associated with consistorial councilor and pastor of the Wittenberg town church . In November 1739 he was substituted for reasons of age and, based on his writings, was accepted as a member of the Royal Prussian Society of Sciences. While preparing a sermon, he suffered a stroke and died.

Abicht's work at the University of Wittenberg fell into an age of new thinking, when one began to look at social conditions from the scientific knowledge gained. Although the followers of the Enlightenment were initially not unfriendly, a dispute broke out with the Wittenberg theologians, headed by Abicht. Turning away from the pietism of the previous period, he attacked in his writings polemical philosophical materialists such as John Locke , Voltaire , Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and Christian Wolff as fanatics and mystics. Abicht was particularly well versed in the oriental and occidental languages, especially English and French, and also had extensive knowledge of philosophy and mathematics. He used this knowledge to explain the Bible and wanted to defend pure teaching.

His marriage to Sabina Magdalena Rößler, the daughter of a Leipzig merchant, in the Nikolaikirche in Leipzig on February 11, 1709 resulted in three sons who did not survive their father, and a daughter Johanna Magdalena, who on January 26, 1741 later became Leipzig Philology professor Johann Georg Kießling married. Two paintings by Abicht have survived. The first is in the holdings of Leipzig University, the second is in the reading room of the Wittenberg University Library.

Works

Fonts

de criterio veritatis, 1697
de mendacii bonitate & malitia, 1699
de usura licita: prima pro Loco, 1699
de anno 1700, Seculi XVII. ultimo old pro Loco 1700
de Jona fugiente 1702
de homagio regni invasori praestito 1703
de damno atheism in Republica 1703
ie of the wands Gentle and Woe ad Zach. XI. 7.1704
de servorum Hebraeorum acquisitione & servitiis 1704
de sermone coelorum ad Psalm. XIX. 2.1705
de peccatorum coccinorum albedine 1705
de oraculo Jesaiae c. IX. i. a Matthew c. IV.15.e codice Hebraeo sensu literali allegato 1708
de gaudio gentium adventu Christi multiplicato ad Isa. IX.3. 1708
de Goële Jobi ad judicium venturo & oculis corporis conspiciendo ad Job. XIX. 25-27 per Licentia 1708
de suppliciis Reipublicae Judaicae sub symbolis revelatis s. De virga vigilante ad Jer. I. II. Sq. Pro Doctoratu 1708
de Ebraeorum accentuum genuino officio 1709
de victoria idumaeorum 1712
Librum Josuae
De Immanuele ex virgine nascituro 1717
Meditatio Theologica in Isa. LXIII. De Christo patiente & triumphante 1717

Disputations

de scriptore libri Josuae 1712
de Rachab meretrice 1712
de transitu Israëlitarum per Jordanem 1712
de cultris faxeis 1712
R. Esaiae Commentarius in Josuam ex MSt. Bibliothecae Senate, Lips. Descriptus, & versione notisque illustratus 1712 Resp.Joh. Adam Steinmetz
De duce exercitus Domini Josuae apparente 1713
De lapsu murorum Hierichuntinorum miraculoso 1713
De statione solis 1713
De libro recti 1713 Resp. Joh. Zach. Hilliger
De restituendis duobus versibus Jas. XXI. In quibusdam codicibus Hebraeis omissis. 1714
De Domino Esarae viso & trisagio celebrato 1718
De miraculis Apostolorum 1720
De Patre trahente ad Christum 1721
De ministris Ecclesarium in religione dissidentium 1724
De remissione peccatorum ministerialie 1727
De commercio animae & coporis 1729
De sanctorum demortuorum honore vero & falso
De necessitate & utilitate revelationis divinae
De veritatibus fundamentalibus christianae religionis
De fidei dissicultate
De consensu gentium Deum consitentium
De consessione privata
De praesentia Christi secundum humanam naturam, naturali, personali, gratiosa, sacramentali & gloriosa
De anima Deitatis speculo
De sabbatho christiano ex historia NT 1731
De lege sabbathi 1731
De Claudio Felice gratia praeveniente perterrito & eidem resistant 1732
De beatorum corporum resuscitatione 1734
De animabus humanis post mortem corporis vivis 1735
De fide apostolorum tempore Christi in his terris degentis 1735
De ritibus sequlchralibus christianam fidem indicantibus 1736 Resp.Kiessling later Prof.
De Methodo cognoscendi animam
De vindiciis sapientiae, bonitatis, scientiae & justiae Dei circa lapsum Adami
De summa ecclesiae verae dignitate. 1739

Programs

de Prophetis, cum munus Professoris OO.LL. auspicaretur 1702
Progr. Quo sacrarum literarum cultoribus suas lectiones orientales intimat.
De culto divino
De ratione exercitia disputandi recte instituendi 1718
De pietate ad omnia utili
De orgine spirituum malorum
Programma, quo lectiones suas orditur & maculam Art. XAC adspersam abstergit 1730
De angelorum praestantia ad Gen. III. 14 versus Wertheimensem interpretem
De maximo SS. Trinitatis mysterio 1734
De origine festi Michaelis 1734
De operatione Spiritus p. 1736
De hodierno ministzerio ecclesiastico 1736
De unione animae & corporis, cum ad lectiones de creatione mundi invitaret 1737
De insluxu verbi divini in animas 1738
De remediis contra insideles 1739
Utrum materia cogitet? Disquirie & contra Lockium & Voltairium negat, simulque lectiones de anima, indicit 1740
Meditatio ad Apoc. I. 1740

Tracts and other writings

Selecta Rabbinico - Philologica, ie Trisolium Orientale B. Schertzeri, auctum Commentario Raschii in Parsch, Noah & Commentario Abenesrae in Haggaeum, Leipzig 1701
Ars distincte legendi & interpretadi Scripturam VT Leipzig 1710
Vindiciae usus accentuum musici & oratorii Jo. Franckio oppositae Leipzig 1713
Accentus Ebraeorum ex antiquissimo usu lectorio explicati, Leipzig 1715
Methodus linguae sanctae Leipzig 1716
Theses de quibusdam Theologiae Naturalis capitibus. Gendani 1726
Annotationes ad vaticinia Habakuki Prophetae, Wittenberg 1732
Notes on the free translation of the first part of the divine writings, which were printed at Wertheim, in which the laws of the Israelites are contained, drawn up to the end that one could recognize the new translator's intentions, 1735
The ill-tempered Harmonia Praestabilita, Frankfurt and Leipzig 1737
Praelectiones de creatione mundi, in quibus quaedam Leibnitii & aliorum opiniones examinantur, Wittenberg 1738
Some shortcomings in Leibnitz philosophy that are contrary to theology, Leipzig 1739
Actis Eruditorum

Further works can be found in the "Acta historica ecclesiae" by Christian Gottlieb Jöcher , in the Allgemeine Gelehrten-Lexikon 1750, volume 1, column 13 and in volume 3 of the impartial church history from 1754 on page 327.

literature

Bernhard Anemüller : Abicht, Johann Georg . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 20 f.
Michael Ranfft : Life and writings of all Chursächsischen divine scholars ... Wolfgang Deer, Leipzig 1742
Franz Lau : Abicht, Johann Georg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1953, ISBN 3-428-00182-6 , p. 19 f. ( Digitized version ).
Walter Friedensburg : History of the University of Wittenberg. Max Niemeyer, Halle (Saale) 1917, pp. 554–556
Veronika Albrecht-Birkner : Parish book of the church province of Saxony. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2003, Volume 1, p. 55, ISBN 3-374-02083-6
Christian Gottlieb Jöcher : General lexicon of scholars . 1st part, 1750, col. 13
Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Abicht, Johann Georg. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , column 9. ( Article / beginning of article in the Internet archive )
Abicht, Johann George. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Supplement 1, Leipzig 1751, columns 164-171.
Armin Koehnle, Beate Kusche: Book of Professors of the Theological Faculty of the University of Wittenberg 1502 to 1815/17. Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig, 2016, ISBN 978-3-374-04302-6 , pp. 19-20

Web links

Commons : Johann Georg Abicht - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Johann Georg Abicht in the professorial catalog of the University of Leipzig
Johann Georg Abicht at the German Digital Library

personal data
SURNAME	Abicht, Johann Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	German Lutheran theologian and linguist
DATE OF BIRTH	March 21, 1672
PLACE OF BIRTH	Koenigsee
DATE OF DEATH	June 5, 1740
Place of death	Wittenberg