Attack on the Boston Marathon

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Locations of the two explosions along Boylston Street in Boston

The Boston Marathon bombing was a bomb attack on the year on Patriots' Day in Boston held city of Marathon . On Monday, April 15, 2013, at around 2:50 p.m. EDT, two explosive devices hidden in backpacks exploded on the home stretch of the Boston Marathon every 13 seconds . The explosions killed three people and injured 264 others. US federal agencies classified the bombing as a terrorist act.

On the evening (local time) of April 18, 2013, police officer Sean Collier was killed on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology while the two suspected brothers Jokhar and Tamerlan Zarnajew were on the run. In a subsequent exchange of fire in Watertown , a police officer and Tamerlan Zarnayev were killed fatally injured, his brother Jochar Zarnajew was able to flee. He was arrested after a large-scale manhunt on the evening of April 19, 2013 in Watertown. Jokhar Zarnayev was charged with the use of weapons of mass destruction ( unconventional explosive devices ) and insidious destruction of property resulting in death in a US federal court. On April 8, 2015, a jury found him guilty of all 30 counts. On May 15, Zarnaev was sentenced to death by a federal court .

procedure

View of the location of the first bomb about a minute after the explosion

Around two hours after the fastest runners had crossed the finish line, at 2:50 p.m. local time, two explosive devices exploded 13 seconds apart in the area of ​​the finish line on Boylston Street : the first in front of a shop at 671 Boylston Street, the second in front of one Restaurant at 755 Boylston Street approximately 20 or 200 meters from the finish line. The pressure waves damaged numerous house facades and shattered the windows of the Boston Public Library (700 Boylston St). The runners who were still out and about in Boston Common and Kenmore Square were brought to safety after the explosions.

First, more explosive devices were suspected, so blown up several suspicious items, is a neighboring hotel cleared the airspace of Massachusetts banned and all flights of Logan International Airport were canceled. The Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority suspended public transportation in Boston for two hours after the explosion . The explosive devices were identified as unconventional explosive devices shortly after the explosions .

As a result, security measures were tightened in New York City and Washington, DC , including at the White House . The FBI as well as the CIA and the NCTC classified the bombing as a terrorist act. Cellular services were available after the explosions but were temporarily overloaded. The Boston Police Department opened a hotline for people who had relatives or acquaintances among the affected marathon runners. In addition, the online service Google missing person search , developed for disasters, was activated.

Victim

First aid to the victims at the first site of the explosion

As a result of the explosions, three marathon spectators died, 264 spectators and runners were injured. The fatalities were the 29-year-old restaurant manager Krystle Campbell from Medford , Massachusetts , the 23-year-old exchange student Lü Lingzi ( Chinese  吕 令 子 ) from Shenyang in China and the eight-year-old Martin Richard from the Boston borough of Dorchester .

A large number of the injured were injured by bomb fragments in the area of ​​the legs, as the explosives had been hidden in rucksacks on the ground. At least 14 injured limbs had to be amputated . Some of the injured runners had run for the victims and relatives of the rampage at Sandy Hook Elementary School after a local broadcaster previously launched a charity appeal.

Reactions

Statement by US President Barack Obama

On April 16, 2013, in honor of the victims of the attack , President Barack Obama ordered all flags to be flown at half-mast for four days on the White House, all public buildings in the country and all military facilities and embassies worldwide . The NHL and NBA temporarily canceled the Boston-based teams' games on Monday. The Boston Symphony Orchestra canceled all performances on April 15th and 16th in solidarity. In the New York Yankees baseball stadium, the Yankees played the anthem of their arch-rival Boston Red Sox .

On April 18, 2013, at 11 a.m. local time, the central memorial service of the terrorist attack took place in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross with US President Barack Obama , Governor Deval Patrick and former Governor Mitt Romney .

The marathons in Hamburg , London and Nagano on April 21, 2013 took place with partially increased safety precautions. The participants observed minutes of silence.

Governor Deval Patrick and the Mayor of Boston Thomas Menino set up the One Fund Boston aid fund to provide financial support for the victims and relatives of the attack ; this received around 64 million US dollars in donations until 2013.

Boston Strong

Boston Red Sox emblem in honor of the victims of the attack

Two students from Emerson College designed a tribute t-shirt with the words Boston Strong in the official colors of the Boston Athletic Association after the assassination and put it up for sale with the intention of donating. The term Boston Strong was later used by numerous politicians and celebrities. For example, on May 30, 2013, a benefit concert for the victims and bereaved families was held in the TD Garden under the title Boston Strong , with the Dropkick Murphys , Aerosmith , New Kids on the Block , James Taylor , Jason Aldean , Jimmy Buffett and Carole King , among others . The major event brought in over $ 2 million for One Fund Boston .

Investigations

Identification of the perpetrator

Lid of the pressure cooker that was used as an explosive device

The investigation was carried out by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), supported by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF), Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC) and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). According to the authorities, there was no evidence of an impending attack. The explosive devices used were chrome steel pressure cookers filled with black powder , which contained nails, air pistol steel balls and balls made of ball bearings to increase the effect of the explosion. This type of bomb is comparatively easy to build and building instructions are available in many places. The deformed lid of one of the pressure cookers was found on the roof of a house. Remains of two black rucksacks were found that had been used to transport and deposit the bombs. The bombs were detonated remotely using components for model cars .

The FBI asked the population to send in all pictures and videos of the attacks. On the afternoon of April 18, the FBI presented images and videos of two suspects based on their evaluation and on witness statements; According to indications from the population, these were soon identified as Jochar and Tamerlan Zarnajew .

Persecution and arrest

and display information about the image

Map of Boston, sequence of events (times in local time):
1) April 15, 2:50 p.m. - Bombing of the Boston Marathon.
2) April 18, 10:30 p.m. - Police officer Sean Collier is shot dead on the MIT campus.
3) April 18, 11:00 p.m. - The Tsarnaev brothers kidnap an SUV .
4) April 18, shortly thereafter - The SUV driver escapes.
5) April 18, 11:18 p.m. - Security cameras show the brothers at an ATM.
6) April 19, 1:00 am - Exchange of fire with the Watertown police. Tamerlan Zarnajew is fatally wounded. Jokhar Zarnayev escapes.
7) April 19, 7:30 pm - Jokhar is found in a boat in Watertown, exchanges of fire and negotiations with police. Arrest of Jochar.

Five hours after the FBI released the wanted photos of the suspects, 26-year-old MIT Patrol Officer Sean Collier was shot multiple times from behind on the Massachusetts Institute of Technology campus in his parked police vehicle. The police suspected that the Zarnajew brothers were trying to steal another firearm; however, this failed because of the complicated holster .

In neighboring Cambridge , the Zarnayev brothers hijacked an SUV and forced the driver to withdraw $ 800  from an ATM. The kidnappers told the driver they were responsible for the bombings on the Boston Marathon and the death of the MIT police officer; since he was not a US citizen, they would not kill him. The driver was able to escape shortly afterwards; since his cell phone remained in the car, the police were able to locate it in Watertown .

In Watertown there was a violent exchange of fire with the police, in which more than 250 shots were fired and the Zarnayev brothers also threw explosives. A policeman and Tamerlan Zarnayev were seriously injured. When the police tried to arrest him, he was run over by his brother. Tamerlan died in a hospital on April 19, 2013 at 1:35 a.m. local time. Jochar Zarnajew fled with the car and then left him in Watertown.

Spontaneous street party in Boston after the capture of the second suspect, Jokhar Zarnayev

By the late afternoon of April 19, 2013, there was a large-scale manhunt for Jokhar Zarnayev. Public life in Boston was largely at a standstill during this period. The public transport system , partly also taxi services and Amtrak -Zugverbindungen in and to Boston were hired. Schools, universities, other public institutions and many businesses in the greater Boston area remained closed. The population was asked to stay at home.

The manhunt for Jokhar Zarnayev was concentrated in the Watertown region . Police units searched house by house. At around 7:30 p.m. local time, Jokhar Zarnayev was discovered in a boat in a garden on Franklin Street, Watertown. The owner had noticed traces of blood and the fluttering tarpaulin. After the emergency services first opened fire and after twenty minutes of negotiations with the police, Jokhar Zarnayev gave up seriously injured at 8:42 p.m. local time, received first aid and then taken to the 'Beth Israel Deaconess' hospital. He had several serious gunshot wounds. It later emerged that Tsarnayev was unarmed in the boat.

Further investigation and indictment

Seven other homemade explosives were found in the brothers' homes and in Watertown. The investigators questioned Jokhar Zarnayev for 16 hours without informing him of the right to a lawyer and the right to refuse to testify . This is usually mandatory; however, the FBI suspected there might be other accomplices or explosives have been placed and enforced an exemption. Because of a gunshot wound in the mouth, Jokhar was only able to answer questions from investigators in writing. He said that his brother was the driving force behind the planning and execution of the attack and that he wanted to defend Islam. You would have acted alone; there is no terrorist organization behind the act. The brothers had also planned an attack on Times Square in New York City .

On April 22, 2013, Jokhar Zarnayev was charged in a US federal court with the use of weapons of mass destruction ( unconventional explosive devices ) and malicious destruction of property resulting in death. The public prosecutor can demand the death penalty . Earlier, some politicians, including members of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives , called for Jokhar to be treated as an illegal combatant . The Republican senators John McCain and Lindsey Graham even called for the classification of the perpetrators as "enemy combatants." On May 1, 2013, the authorities arrested three other suspects. Two Kazakhs and another University of Massachusetts student were arrested and charged with destruction of evidence and false testimony. The students were friends of Jochar; According to the prosecution, they wanted to destroy evidence from his apartment after they recognized Jochar on the wanted photos.

On May 22, 2013, a friend of Tamerlan Zarnayev was questioned by the FBI about the attack and other crimes in his Orlando home . During the eight-hour questioning, he is said to have attacked an FBI investigator, who then shot him.

On June 24, 2015, Zarnayev was found guilty of all 30 charges and sentenced to death. While the state of Massachusetts abolished the death penalty in principle because Zarnayev was indicted in federal court, federal law allows it to be imposed.

Background of the perpetrator

The two perpetrators, Jochar Zarnajew, who was 19 at the time of the crime, and his 26-year-old brother Tamerlan, who was killed in the arrest, are or were of Chechen and Avar descent and grew up in Tokmok , Kyrgyzstan , before the family moved to Makhachkala , Dagestan in 2001 . The family emigrated to the USA in 2002, where they applied for asylum . In March 2007, the family was granted permanent residency in the United States. She settled in Massachusetts . According to journalist Jan Christoph Wiechmann , the family found itself in a conflict between different cultures. In those days in April, identity crises, megalomania and the breakdown of the family came together - a process that is reminiscent of a bad film "with its feuds and forced weddings, with drug trafficking and a lack of prospects and above all: the matter of course of violence". In 2011 the family lived on welfare and food stamps. In September the parents divorced and the father Ansor Zarnayev moved back to his homeland. In the summer of 2012, the mother also left the USA.

At the time of the Boston Marathon bombings, both brothers had been living in the greater Boston area for ten years. Jokhar Zarnayev, who has been a US citizen since 2012, studied marine biology at the University of Massachusetts . In the fall of 2012, he owed $ 20,000. Tamerlan Zarnajew was married and had a two-year-old daughter. He devoted himself to studying the Koran at home; his wife earned a living alone.

In March 2011 the FBI was informed by the Russian domestic secret service FSB that Tamerlane was a "follower of radical Islam". The FSB is said to have sent a request to the FBI via the US embassy in Moscow. It apparently said that Tamerlan Zarnajew had "changed drastically since 2010" and was preparing a trip to Russia to join "underground groups". With the request from the FBI, the FSB asked for information about Zarnayev. Subsequently, the FBI questioned Tamerlan Zarnayev and his relatives, but found no evidence of terrorist activities. The FBI included Zarnajew in a warning list of the customs authorities, in the so-called TECS (Treasury Enforcement Communications System).

A little later, the Russian secret service made the same request to the US foreign intelligence service, the CIA. When searching in his databases, the latter apparently did not reveal any evidence of terrorist activities either, but had Zarnajew also put on a warning list, the TIDE database (Terrorist Identities Datamart Environment).

Processing in the media

Shortly after the attack, the crime writer Casey Sherman began working with the Boston Herald journalist Dave Wedge to translate the events into a novel . In July 2013, the Gotham Group acquired the film rights to the book and commissioned screenwriters Eric Johnson and Paul Tamasy to convert it into a film script. The book was published in early 2015 under the title Boston Strong: A City's Triumph over Tragedy by University Press of New England . The thriller Boston (Patriots Day) starring Mark Wahlberg was released in 2016. Another film adaptation of the events took place in 2017 with the biography Stronger by David Gordon Green .

Web links

Commons : Attack on the 2013 Boston Marathon  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
 Wikinews: Boston Marathon explosions: three dead, over a hundred injured  - news

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Paul Marks: Analysis of Boston bombs could yield vital clues . New Scientist . April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  2. ↑ a b Number of injuries in Boston rises to more than 260. Yahoo , April 23, 2013, accessed April 23, 2013 .
  3. ↑ a b Investigators scour video, photos for Boston Marathon bomb clues , Global Post. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013. 
  4. ↑ End of a hunt. Die Zeit , April 20, 2013, accessed on April 20, 2013 .
  5. ↑ a b Indictment of the United States of America against Dzhokhar Tsarnaev dated April 21, 2013 in the District of Massachusetts msn.com. Accessed April 23, 2013 (PDF; 265 kB)
  6. ↑ FAZ.net April 8, 2015: The court finds Zarnajew guilty .
  7. ^ Assassination attempt on marathon: Death penalty for Boston bomber Zarnajew . In: Spiegel Online , May 15, 2015.
  8. ↑ a b Explosions rock Boston Marathon, several injured . CNN. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  9. ↑ Erin McClam: Explosive rock finish of Boston Marathon; 2 killed and at least 23 hurt, police say . NBC News. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  10. ↑ CCTV Camera Key In Boston Bomb Investigation. the smoking gun. 17th April 2013.
  11. ^ Boston Marathon Blasts Kill 3 and Maim Dozens . New York Times. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  12. ↑ Josh Levs, Deadly bombs strike Boston Marathon; authorities discover more bombs . CNN . April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  13. ↑ Obama describes the attack as an "act of terrorism" - The development in the news blog . Süddeutsche.de. April 16, 2013.
  14. ↑ At least 2 dead, 23 injured in explosions reported at Boston Marathon , PRI International. Retrieved April 15, 2013. 
  15. ↑ 3 dead, more than 140 hurt from Boston Marathon bomb blasts. WMBF News, April 16, 2013, archived from the original on May 22, 2013 ; Retrieved April 18, 2013 .
  16. ↑ Boy, 8, one of 3 killed in bombings at the Boston Marathon; scores wounded , CNN. April 18, 2013. 
  17. ^ "Due to police activity, the Green Line is terminating service between Kenmore and Park Street Stations and temporarily suspending B- and C-Line service. Orange and Red Line service will bypass Downtown Crossing Station. " Https://www.facebook.com/suffolkuniversity/posts/due-to-police-activity-the-green-line-has-terminated-service-between-kenmore- and / 10151404645912151 / .
  18. ↑ Boston Marathon explosions: two dead, dozens injured as 'bombs' hit race finish line . The Telegraph. April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  19. ↑ Eileen Sullivan: Cellphone use heavy, but still operating in Boston , Associated Press. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013. 
  20. ^ Boston Marathon Explosions: Third Blast . Sky News . April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  21. ↑ Google launches Boston Marathon person finder . In: Person Finder . Google. April 15, 2013. Retrieved October 19, 2013.
  22. ↑ Adrienne Lavidor-Berman: Live blog: Bombings at the Boston Marathon . The Boston Globe. April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  23. ↑ Local paper names Chinese victim in Boston blasts . Huff Post. April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  24. ^ Mark Arsenault: Three killed, more than 100 injured in marathon blast . Boston Globe . April 15, 2013. Archived from the original on September 7, 2013. Retrieved on April 16, 2013.
  25. ↑ Elizabeth Weise, G Jeffrey MacDonald, Karen Weintraub: At least 14 amputees are among wounded in Boston attack . USA Today. April 18, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  26. ^ Allison Godfrey: Newtown massacre victims caught up in Boston Marathon bombing . News.com.au. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  27. ↑ Attack in Boston: Obama speaks of an act of terrorism for the first time . Mirror online. April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  28. ↑ Boston Bruins game postponed, Celtics game canceled . USA Today. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  29. ^ Victor Morton: Boston Bruins 'NHL game, Celtics' NBA contest canceled in blast aftermath . The Washington Times. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 15, 2013.
  30. ^ All-Beethoven Program - Canceled . Boston Symphony Orchestra. April 15, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  31. ↑ Searching for clues like a big puzzle ( Memento from May 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). tagesschau.de. 17th April 2013.
  32. ↑ Angela Nelson: Upcoming reflection services for victims of the Boston Marathon bombing . boston.com. April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  33. ↑ spiegel.de: "No bomb can defeat us"
  34. ↑ tagesspiegel.de
  35. ^ Gregory Katz: London to review marathon security . TV3 (New Zealand) . April 16, 2013. Archived from the original on June 13, 2013. Retrieved on April 16, 2013.
  36. ↑ Marathons in Hamburg and London: 21,000 runners start after a minute's silence. Spiegel Online , April 21, 2013, accessed April 22, 2013 .
  37. ^ The One Fund Boston ( July 12, 2013 memento in the Internet Archive ), accessed July 12, 2013.
  38. ↑ Emerson students That Coined 'Boston Strong' Phrase Organizing Giant Photo Shoot at Copley Boston Magazine, June 10, 2013, accessed July 12, 2013.
  39. ^ New Kids On The Block, Aerosmith To Perform For Boston Strong. MTV , May 4, 2013, accessed May 4, 2013 .
  40. ↑ Favorite sons Aerosmith, NKOTB keep Boston Strong USA Today , May 31, 2013, accessed July 12, 2013.
  41. ^ Boston Strong Concert haul tops 2 million ( April 14, 2015 memento in the Internet Archive ) Boston Herald , June 20, 2013, accessed February 11, 2018.
  42. ↑ Mark Hosenball, Svea Herbst-Bayliss: Investigators scour video, photos for Boston Marathon bomb clues . GlobalPost . April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  43. ^ FBI Posts Images of Pair Suspected in Boston Attack . The New York Times. April 18, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  44. ↑ Katherine Q. Seelye, Eric Schmitt, Scott Shane: Bomb Details Emerge in Boston Case, Boston Bombs Were Loaded to Maim. The New York Times, April 16, 2013, accessed April 18, 2013 .
  45. ↑ Bomb made out of pressure cooker: Victims have limbs amputated. news.ORF.at, April 17, 2013, accessed on April 18, 2013 .
  46. ^ Boston bombs triggered by remote controls from toy cars, FBI says . Los Angeles Times. April 24, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
  47. ↑ cbsnews.com
  48. ↑ a b Boston bombing suspects: Tsarnaev brothers from Russia's Caucasus, long-term US residents . RT.com April 19, 2013.
  49. ^ Officer's Killing Spurred Pursuit in Boston Attack . The New York Times. April 24, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
  50. ↑ Peter Finn, Carol D Leonnig, Will Englund: Tamerlan Tsarnaev and Dzhokhar Tsarnaev were refugees from brutal Chechen conflict . The Washington Post. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  51. ↑ Katherine Q Seelye, William K Rashbaum, Michael Cooper: 2nd Bombing Suspect Caught After Frenzied Hunt Paralyzes Boston . The New York Times. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  52. ↑ Details Emerge of Alleged Carjacking by Bomber Suspects . The Wall Street Journal. April 21, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  53. ↑ Police chief: Boston manhunt began with intense fire in dark street . CNN. April 20, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  54. ↑ The CIA also checked Tamerlan Tsarnaev . Basler newspaper. April 25, 2013.
  55. ↑ zeit.de April 19, 2013: Police are looking for the second Boston attacker .
  56. ↑ a b Boston: Suspected Detained "In Serious Condition" Die Presse.com, April 20, 2013, accessed April 21, 2013.
  57. ↑ Huge police manhunt in Boston for second marathon bombing suspect . The Irish Times. April 19, 2013.
  58. ↑ Shelley Murphy: Bombing suspect in custody after standoff in Watertown . The Boston Globe. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  59. ^ Officials in Watertown field calls from worried residents . boston.com. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  60. ^ Boston Curfew Lifted, Manhunt for Terrorist Continues . IsraelNationalNews. April 19, 2013.
  61. ^ How it happened: Boston bomb suspect arrested . The Times. April 19, 2013.
  62. ↑ Surviving Boston bombing suspect named as Dzhokhar A Tsarnaev following shootout that left other suspect and police officer dead. The Independent, April 19, 2013, accessed April 19, 2013 .
  63. ↑ 'Captured !!!' Boston police announce Marathon bombing suspect in custody . CNN. April 20, 2013.
  64. ↑ After the curfew, the boat tarpaulin fluttered ( memento of April 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). The world. April 20, 2013. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  65. ↑ BREAKING: Watertown Suspect Alive And In Police Custody . Mediaite. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  66. ↑ a b washingtonpost.com April 25, 2013: Officials: Boston suspect had no firearm when barrage of bullets hit hiding place .
  67. ^ Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, suspect in bombing investigation, is now in custody . The FBI News. April 19, 2013.
  68. ^ Marathon bombing suspect treated at Beth Israel Medical Center ( Memento April 20, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). wcvb.com. April 20, 2013.
  69. ↑ Evening thread: Cops continue to hunt Tsarnaev; Update: Cops take Tsarnaev alive . HotAir. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  70. ^ A b Boston suspects planned attack on New York City, Mayor Bloomberg says . The Guardian. April 25, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
  71. ↑ Dzhokhar Tsarnaev is awake and answering questions . The world. April 22, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  72. ↑ Zarnajew describes himself as a follower N24. April 23, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  73. ↑ Death penalty threatens: Boston bomber charged . The Presse.com. April 22, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  74. ↑ Daniel Halper: Lawmakers: Treat Suspect as 'enemy combatant' . The Weekly Standard. April 20, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  75. ↑ Press Releases - News Center - Saxby Chambliss, US Senator for Georgia . United States Senate . April 24, 2013. Archived from the original on March 14, 2014. Retrieved on April 22, 2013.
  76. ↑ Authorities are preparing terrorist charges . n-tv. April 20, 2013.
  77. ^ Two Kazakh men, one other, arrested for allegedly helping suspect after Boston Marathon bombings . boston.com. 1st of May 2013.
  78. ^ Slain suspect had thought about missing FBI interview ( Memento June 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). The Boston Globe . May 23, 2013. Accessed May 31, 2013.
  79. ↑ On the life and death of the Tsarnaev brothers . The world. April 19, 2013.
  80. ↑ Eric Schmitt, Michael S. Schmidt, Ellen Barry: Bombing Inquiry Turns to Motive and Russian Trip . New York Times. April 20, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  81. ↑ Life in America Unraveled for Brothers . The Wall Street Journal. January 12, 2012. Retrieved April 21, 2013.
  82. ↑ a b Jan Christoph Wiechmann : Why? In: The magazine of April 18, 2014, accessed on April 20, 2014. (Archive)
  83. ↑ Boy at Home in US, Swayed by One Who Wasn't . New York Times. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 26, 2013.
  84. ↑ Alexander Abad-Santos: Who Is Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, the Man at the Center of the Boston Manhunt? . The Atlantic. April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 19, 2013.
  85. ↑ Did Zarnayev shoot himself in the mouth? . stern.de. April 21, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  86. ^ Alan Duke: Boston bombing suspect's widow is assisting investigation, lawyer says . CNN. April 23, 2013. Retrieved April 23, 2013.
  87. ↑ a b 2011 Request for Information on Tamerlan Tsarnaev from Foreign Government. FBI, April 19, 2013. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  88. ^ Boston bombing suspect Tamerlan Tsarnaev was on CIA terror database say officials amid claims his brother was unarmed when arrested . The Independent. April 25, 2013.
  89. ↑ Movie Rights to 'Boston Strong' Book Picked Up By 'Fighter' Screenwriters . Boston Inno. April 20, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013.
  90. ↑ 'Fighter' Scribes Option Upcoming Book On Boston Marathon Bombing . Deadline. April 20, 2013. Retrieved April 20, 2013.

Coordinates: 42 ° 20 '59.1 "  N , 71 ° 4' 44.2"  W.