Jokhar Tsarnaev

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Jokhar Zarnayev
(picture of a surveillance camera in prison) (2013)

Dzhokhar Ansorowitsch Zarnajew ( Russian Джохар Анзорович Царнаев ., Scientific transliteration Džohar Anzorovič Carnaev , English transcription Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Anzorovich *  22. July 1993 in Tokmok , Kyrgyzstan ) is an American Terrorist Chechen - Avar origin. Together with his brother Tamerlan Zarnajew , who was subsequently killed , he committed the attack on the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013.

After his arrest, Jokhar Zarnayev confessed to having carried out the attack together with his brother. On April 8, 2015, a jury found him guilty. On May 15, 2015, the death penalty was announced as a sentence. An appeals court overturned the judgment in July 2020.

Family background

The brothers' father, Anzor ( Russian Анзор , transkr. Ansor ) came from a Chechen family who had lived in the Kyrgyz SSR of the Soviet Union since the time of the Stalinist deportation in 1944 . Her mother Subeidat ( Russian Зубейдат ) comes from Dagestan and is of Avar nationality . The family was at odds; the parents lived a mixed marriage that was forbidden in their respective cultures - a scandal in a family with clan structures.

The brothers, like their two sisters, were born in Kyrgyzstan and grew up in the city of Tokmok . In 2001 they moved to Makhachkala, Russia, in Dagestan . In the early 2000s, the family decided to emigrate to the USA , where a brother and sister of Ansor Zarnayev had already emigrated in the first half of the 1990s with a refugee aid program. Since it took a long time to prepare the exit documents, the family stayed in Dagestan, the mother's home country, for about five months from October 2001. All children went to school in Makhachkala during this period.

According to Russian secret service information, initially only the brothers to live with Uncle Ruslan Tsarni in the USA, while the rest of the family followed later. The different surname explained by the fact that the uncle at his entry instead of the Russified form Zarnajew the Chechen name form Царни ( transkr. : Zarni) stated that in English Tsarni revealed. As the Turkish Foreign Ministry confirmed, the emigration took place via Turkey - one of the most important routes of legal emigration to Europe and America.

In the USA the family asked for political asylum and has been writing to Tsarnaev there ever since . The family had had a residence permit since 2007 .

School and study

Jochar Zarnayev completed his education at the Cambridge Rindge and Latin School in Cambridge , Massachusetts. For the school he won a title as a wrestler as Player of the Month and as an All Star Wrestler in 2011 .

That same year he graduated from high school and was awarded a $ 2,500 scholarship . He then began studying marine biology at the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth . In 2012 he received US citizenship .

In 2011 the family got into financial difficulties and lived on social benefits and food stamps, in September the parents divorced. The father Ansor Zarnajew moved back to the Russian North Caucasus, in summer 2012 the mother also left the country and also moved back to Russia.

At the university, Jokhar Zarnayev is said to have been unhappy about the collapse of his family and lost contact with most of his school friends. The student, who is considered to be very well integrated, increasingly sought contact with Russian-speaking fellow students and at times sold marijuana to finance his living. Two of Zarnayev's fellow students from Kazakhstan were later investigated for helping in the attacks. In the fall of 2012, he owed $ 20,000. During this time he came under the influence of his older brother Tamerlane and is said to have become increasingly religious.

attack

Jokhar Zarnayev and his brother committed the attack on the Boston Marathon on April 15, 2013 by placing hidden explosives in their backpacks. Jochar later stated that he wanted to avenge the murder of Muslims in Afghanistan and Iraq by American troops.

On April 18, police released mug shots of the two brothers and began a large-scale manhunt for the duo. On the same day, the two shot and killed a Massachusetts Institute of Technology police officer while trying to steal his weapon. On April 19, Tamerlan Zarnayev died after another firefight with the police, while Jokhar was initially able to escape. He was finally caught with a bullet through the neck in Watertown, not far from Boston, on April 20, 2013 . The police did not explain to him when he was arrested , citing the public safety exception (a security instrument recognized since 1984 ) about the right to remain silent and about a lawyer ( called “ Miranda law ” in the USA ). This has been criticized by human rights groups.

process

According to information from the US Department of Justice on April 22, 2013, Zarnayev received a 30-point indictment at bedside, which set the trial in a US federal court . He was facing the death penalty . This would not have been the case at a trial in a Massachusetts state court , as the death penalty has been abolished in that state for more than 20 years. In an initial questioning, Jokhar Zarnayev apparently confirmed both religious and political motives for the attack, which his brother was primarily responsible for planning and carrying out. He himself was only a follower , there were no other people involved.

On April 26, he was transferred from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center to Fort Devens Federal Prison, northwest of Boston, for male inmates in need of special or long-term medical or psychological care.

On April 29, the judge in charge, Marianne B. Bowler, confirmed that the death penalty expert Judy Clarke had joined the defense team for Jokhar Zarnayev.

During interrogations, Jokhar Zarnayev testified that the brothers actually wanted to carry out the attack on the US national holiday (July 4th) . The brothers are also said to have thought about suicide attacks. The bombs were built faster than expected.

On January 30, 2014, Attorney General Eric Holder announced that he would demand the death penalty for Zarnayev. The trial began on January 5, 2015 with the selection of the jury . The five-man defense team had requested a further postponement of the start of the trial, which was actually planned for November 2014, in order to be able to familiarize themselves further with the investigation files.

On April 8, 2015, the jury found Jokhar Zarnayev guilty of all 30 charges, 17 of which carry the death penalty. Among other things, he was found guilty of using a " weapon of mass destruction" . The sentence, which could be either life imprisonment or the death penalty, was decided in a further trial. This ended the first stage of the process.

On May 15, 2015, the jury unanimously sentenced him to the death penalty. Zarnayev made his first public statement at the end of the trial when the judge officially pronounced the verdict on June 24, 2015. Up until then, he had only stated that he was not guilty at the beginning of the trial. In his closing remarks he pleaded guilty and apologized for his act. In the eyes of the observers, however, this does not change the fact that he, who followed the events without emotion during the entire process and only burst into tears at the appearance of an aunt from Russia, does not feel any remorse for his actions.

As is customary with death sentences in federal courts, the sentence is to be carried out by a lethal injection . According to the rules, the execution is to take place in the Supermax federal prison USP Terre Haute in the presence of eight survivors, representatives of the media and witnesses chosen by the convicted himself.

As is customary in the case of death sentences in the USA, the verdict can be appealed against in several instances by the defense, which can extend over several years. Should Meanwhile Zarnajew in the Special Confinement Unit of Terre Haute in solitary confinement are kept. In July 2015, his lawyers stated that they would formally appeal the verdict and seek a new trial because Jokhar Zarnayev had acted under the influence of his older brother and therefore a death sentence would not apply.

The District Attorney of Middlesex County Marian Ryan said meanwhile that dzhokhar tsarnaev continue a police officer on the grounds of due to the death Massachusetts Institute of Technology in court in Massachusetts has to answer. The policeman was killed by the two brothers while trying to escape the attack. The charge in this case is murder. It was emphasized that the death sentence for the bomb attack was not yet final and that further legal proceedings were therefore appropriate. A transfer from federal prison to Middlesex County prison is sought so that the trial can begin at an unspecified time in the future.

He is currently in solitary confinement in ADX Florence Federal Prison .

In July 2020 , after Zarnayev challenged the verdict , an appeals court overturned the death penalty. The reason given by the court was that the judge in charge of the trial against Zarnajew had not adequately checked the selected jury for bias. The appeals court ordered a lower court to begin a new trial in which Zarnayev's new sentence could be heard.

filming

Alex Wolff took on his role in the thriller Boston , directed by Peter Berg in 2016 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ «The aim was to kill as many people as possible». In: bazonline.ch . March 6, 2015, accessed August 1, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b Irina Gordijenko: Как братья Царнаевы уезжали в Америку ( Memento of the original from April 25, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (German: How the Zarnajew brothers came to America). In: Online edition of Novaya Gazeta from April 22, 2013 (Russian). Retrieved April 22, 2013. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.novayagazeta.ru
  3. ↑ Dzhokhar Tsarnaev Gets Death Penalty in Boston Marathon Bombing . The New York Times, May 15, 2015.
  4. ↑ a b Boston bomber death sentence overturned. In: Spiegel Online . July 31, 2020, accessed August 1, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Josh Dawsey et al .: Manhunt Ends With Capture of Boston Bombing Suspect. In: Wall Street Journal online April 19, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  6. ↑ Cambridge Rindge and Latin School Greater Boston League Winter All Stars 2011. Information on the Cambridge News Weekly homepage of April 2, 2011 (English). Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  7. ^ Brock Parker: Cambridge announces 2011 City Scholarship recipients. Information on boston.com from May 6, 2011 (English). Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  8. ↑ ins / AFP / DPA: Did Zarnayev shoot himself in the mouth? In: Online edition of Stern from April 21, 2013. Accessed April 22, 2013.
  9. ↑ Tsarnaev brothers' homeland was war-torn Chechnya ( Memento from December 18, 2019 in the Internet Archive )
  10. ↑ http://www.rollingstone.com/culture/news/jahars-world-20130717?page=4
  11. ↑ http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-08-13/news/sns-rt-us-usa-explosions-boston-20130808_1_tamerlan-tsarnaev-dzhokhar-tsarnaev-accused-boston-bomber
  12. ↑ Jan Christoph Wiechmann : Why? In: The magazine of April 18, 2014, accessed on April 20, 2014. (Archive)
  13. ↑ http://www.vanityfair.com/online/daily/2013/04/dzhokhar-tsarnaev-s-possible-motive-anger-over-wars-in-iraq-and-afghanistan
  14. ^ Officer's Killing Spurred Pursuit in Boston Attack . The New York Times. April 24, 2013. Retrieved April 25, 2013.
  15. ↑ Sebastian Fischer: Boston bomber: Zarnajew is interrogated in writing. In: Spiegel Online from April 22, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  16. ^ Karen McVeigh et al .: Boston Marathon suspect may never be able to be questioned, mayor says. In: Guardian online edition of April 21, 2013. Retrieved April 22, 2013.
  17. ↑ APA / dpa: Death penalty threatens: Boston bomber accused. In: Online edition of the daily newspaper Die Presse from April 22, 2013. Accessed April 23, 2013.
  18. ↑ a b dfe, DPA: Zarnajew describes himself as a follower. Report on the website of the news channel N24 from April 23, 2013. Accessed on April 23, 2013.
  19. ↑ dpa / AFP / toto: Tamerlan Tsarnaev's wife breaks her silence . In: Online edition of the world from April 24, 2013. Accessed April 25, 2013.
  20. ↑ The Globe and Mail : Boston bombing suspect Dzhokhar Tsarnaev moved from hospital to medical detention center ( Memento of April 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), April 24, 2013. Retrieved on April 30, 2013 (English).
  21. ↑ Anti-death penalty crusader joins Tsarnaev defense. In: Boston Herald, April 30, 2013 (English).
  22. ^ SZ May 3, 2013: The Zarnajew brothers were considering suicide attacks
  23. ^ Adam Goldman, Sari Horwitz: US to seek death penalty in Boston bombing case. In: Washington Post, January 30, 2014. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
  24. ↑ Boston Assassin Rises in Court : Die Zeit, January 5, 2015, accessed July 13, 2015
  25. ↑ The court finds Zarnajew guilty. FAZ of April 8, 2015, accessed on April 8, 2015.
  26. ^ Death penalty for Boston assassin Zarnajew , in: sueddeutsche.de, from May 15, 2015
  27. ↑ The Boston assassin apologizes to: Süddeutsche Zeitung, June 24, 2015, accessed on July 13, 2015
  28. ↑ Testimony of a relative: Marathon bomber cries in court : Spiegel online , May 5, 2015, accessed on July 13, 2015
  29. ^ Assassination attempt on marathon: Death penalty for Boston bomber Zarnajew . Spiegel Online, May 15, 2015.
  30. ↑ a b c d What it's like inside the terrifying super-max prison where the Boston Bomber is expected to be executed , uk.businessinsider.com, May 15, 2015.
  31. ^ The plan to kill Tsarnaev , Boston.com
  32. ↑ Attack on the Boston Marathon - death penalty for Zarnayev ( Memento from May 17, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
  33. ↑ After the death sentence: Boston bomber wants new trial at: Spiegel online, July 7, 2015, accessed on July 13, 2015
  34. ^ Boston bomber to face state charges in officer's killing - despite death sentence in: The Guardian , July 11, 2015, accessed July 12, 2015
personal data
SURNAME Tsarnayev, Jokhar
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zarnajew, Dschochar Ansorowitsch (German transcription); Tsarnaev, Dzhokhar
BRIEF DESCRIPTION American student involved in the 2013 Boston Marathon attack
DATE OF BIRTH July 22, 1993
PLACE OF BIRTH Kyrgyzstan