1646

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Heads of State · Nekrolog

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1646
Ranuccio II Farnese becomes Duke of Parma and Piacenza .	Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg marries Luise Henriette von Orange .
With the Linz diploma , Bremen becomes a free imperial city .
1646 in other calendars
Armenian calendar	1094/95 (turn of the year July)
Ethiopian calendar	1638/39 (September 10-11)
Bengali solar calendar	1051/52 (beginning of April 14th or 15th)
Buddhist calendar	2189/90 (southern Buddhism); 2188/89 (alternative calculation according to Buddhas Parinirvana )
Chinese calendar	72nd (73rd) cycle Year of the fire dog丙戌 ( at the beginning of the year wood rooster 乙酉)
Chula Sakarat (Siam, Myanmar) / Dai calendar (Vietnam)	1008/09 (turn of the year April)
Dangun era (Korea)	3979/80 (October 2/3)
Iranian calendar	1024/25 (around March 21)
Islamic calendar	1055/56 (February 16-17)
Jewish calendar	5406/07 (9/10 September)
Coptic calendar	1362/63 (September 10-11)
Malayalam calendar	821/822
Seleucid era	Babylon: 1956/57 (turn of the year April) Syria: 1957/58 (turn of the year October)
Vikram Sambat (Nepalese Calendar)	1702/03 (April)

Events

Politics and world events

Thirty Years' War

→ Main article : Thirty Years War

Philipp Christoph von Sötern

• June 1st: After the Swedes conquered the bishopric of Bremen in the previous year as part of the Torstensson War from administrator Friedrich , the Danish heir to the throne, the city of Bremen is awarded the Linz diploma from Emperor Ferdinand III. declared a Free Imperial City . This is intended to ward off Swedish claims on the city.
• June 19: The Elector Philipp Christoph von Sötern of Trier enters into a secret alliance with France and leaves the Philippsburg fortress to the French for permanent occupation. In doing so, he breaks the contract with the emperor, to whom he had promised in April of the previous year, in return for his release from ten years of imprisonment, to bring the fortress, which had been under French occupation since 1644 , back into imperial control.
• August 4th: The imperial army recaptures the city of Korneuburg, held by Swedish troops, after a long siege .
• October 11th: The French take Dunkirk .

Republic of Venice / Ottoman Empire

• January 20th: Francesco Molin is elected Doge of Venice . His predecessor, Francesco Erizzo , died on January 3rd, leaving him with a conflict with the Ottoman Empire , which, in addition to dominance over the eastern Mediterranean, primarily concerned the possession of Crete .

Other events in Italy

• September 11th: Ranuccio II. Farnese inherits his father Odoardo I Farnese as Duke of Parma and Piacenza . His mother and uncle are in charge of the minor.

British Islands

• February 16: The Royalist troops suffer a decisive defeat at Torrington in the English Civil War against the Puritan Roundheads .
• March 28th: James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde , signs an agreement with representatives of the Irish Supreme Court in which the English side makes concessions to the Irish Catholics. However, this is not accepted by most of the revolutionary leaders of the Confederation of Ireland , whereupon the Irish Confederation Wars break out again.
• May 8: The besieged garrison in Newark-on-Trent surrenders to parliamentary troops . Oliver Cromwell's troops continue to Oxford .
• June: The Battle of Benburb during the Irish Confederate Wars between the Confederate Irish Army under Owen Roe O'Neill and a largely Scottish army under Robert Munro ends with a victory for Irish troops and seals the hopes of the Scottish Covenanters for increased influence in Ireland .
• The English King Charles I fled from besieged Oxford to Newcastle upon Tyne and placed himself under the protection of Scottish units.
• June 16: Charles I orders all remaining royalist regiments from Newcastle to lay down their arms.

Russia

• Cossacks under Vasily Pojarkow penetrate to the mouth of the Amur and thus bring large parts of Siberia under the rule of the Russian tsar.

American colonies

• Petrus Stuyvesant is appointed Director General of Nieuw Nederland and takes his oath of office on July 28th. Then he makes his way to the colony.
• The Second English Powhatan War ends with the complete defeat and almost complete annihilation of the Powhatan against the English settlers of the colony of Jamestown , Virginia. The peace treaty provides for a strict border between the two peoples, which can only be crossed with special permission.

Culture

Winter landscape

• Rembrandt van Rijn produced the painting Winter Landscape .

Gressenicher mill

• The Gressenich mill in Eschweiler is mentioned for the first time on a map of the Kornelimünster imperial abbey .

society

Friedrich Wilhelm , Elector of Brandenburg , marries the eldest daughter of the governor Friedrich Heinrich von Orange , Luise Henriette von Orange , on December 7th in The Hague .

religion

The order of the Long Parliament elaborate confession of Westminster is part of the Westminster Standards of the Westminster Assembly decided.

Historical maps and views

The Godesburg before it was destroyed (Merian engraving from 1646)

World map 1646, Pieter van den Keere

Born

First half of the year

• January 15: Anton Herport , Swiss Protestant clergyman († 1688)
• 0February 4: Hans Assmann Freiherr von Abschatz , German baroque poet († 1699)
• 0February 4: Heinrich Christoph von Wolframsdorf , Prince Provost of Ellwangen († 1689)
• February 10: Hans Adam Weissenkircher , Austrian painter († 1695)
• February 23: Tokugawa Tsunayoshi , fifth Shogun of the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan († 1709)
• March 13: Rupert von Bodman , Prince Abbot von Kempten († 1728)
• March 21: Nikolaus Wilhelm Goddaeus , German lawyer and Chancellor of the Landgraviate of Hesse († 1719)
• March 24th: Marie Elisabeth zu Mecklenburg , Abbess of the Gandersheim Monastery († 1713)
• 0April 1: Hermann Otto II of Limburg-Styrum , Imperial Field Marshal General († 1704)
• 0April 6: Marguerite Périer , French nun, niece of Blaise Pascal († 1733)
• 0April 6: Johann Heinrich Schweizer , Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor († 1705)
• April 15: Christian V , King of Denmark and Norway 1670–1699 († 1699)
• April 16: Jules Hardouin-Mansart , French architect († 1708)
• April 20: Giacinto Calandrucci , Italian baroque painter († 1707)
• April 20: Charles Plumier , French botanist, explorer and member of the Paulaner Order († 1704)
• 0May 6: August Friedrich , Prince of Holstein-Gottorf and Prince-Bishop of the Principality of Lübeck († 1705)
• 0June 6th: Hortensia Mancini , French nobleman, Mazarinette and mistress of the English King Charles II († 1699)
• June 21: Maria Francisca Elisabeth of Savoy , Queen of Portugal († 1683)
• June 25: Elena Lucrezia Cornaro Piscopia , Italian philosopher and scholar, first woman to receive a doctorate († 1684)

Second half of the year

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

• 0July 1: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz , German philosopher and scientist, mathematician, diplomat and doctor of secular and canon law († 1716)
• July 15: Friedrich I , Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg († 1691)
• 0August 2nd: Jean Baptiste du Casse , French flibustier and admiral († 1715)
• 0August 8: Eleanor Charlotte of Saxony-Lauenburg , Duchess of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg († 1709)
• 0August 8: Godfrey Kneller , court painter to several British monarchs († 1723)
• August 12: Luise Elisabeth von Kurland , Countess of Hessen-Homburg († 1690)
• August 19: John Flamsteed , English astronomer († 1719)
• October 31: Lorenz Werder , Swiss Mayor († 1720)

Exact date of birth unknown

• Joachim von Ahlefeldt , holstein-gottorfisch-danish statesman and provost of the Preetz monastery († 1717)
• Juan de Araujo , Peruvian composer († 1712)
• Andreas Faistenberger , South German painter and sculptor († 1735)
• Ragnheiður Jónsdóttir , Icelandic designer of embroidery motifs († 1715)
• Glikl bas Judah Leib , German merchant, also known as Glückel von Hameln († 1724)
• John Moore , English bishop, scholar and book collector († 1714)
• Christian Siegfried von Plessen , court marshal, chief chamberlain and secret councilor at the Danish royal court († 1723)

Died

Tomb for Francesco Erizzo in the Church of San Martino in Venice

• January 3: Francesco Erizzo , 98th Doge of Venice (* 1566)

Tombstone Elias Holls

• January 6th: Elias Holl , German builder of the early Baroque (* 1573)
• January 12: Henning Cramer von Clausbruch , merchant, diplomat and mayor of the free imperial city of Goslar (* 1584)
• March 7th: Margarethe Altenhofen , victim of the witch trials in Rhens (* 1590)
• March 11: Stanisław Koniecpolski , Polish aristocrat, statesman and highest military leader of the Polish-Lithuanian Union (* 1590/1594)
• April 27: Konrad Bachmann , German literary scholar, historian and librarian (* 1572)
• May 11: Yagyū Munenori , Japanese sword master and author (* 1571)

Grave of Empress Maria Anna

• May 13th: Maria Anna of Spain , Infanta of Spain and Portugal, by marriage Queen of Hungary and Bohemia and Roman-German Empress (* 1606)
• May 23: Gottfried Fibig , German legal scholar (* 1612)
• July 31: Bruno Stisser , German legal scholar and lawyer (* 1592)
• 0August 9th: Friedrich von Fürstenberg , Electorate of Cologne in the Duchy of Westphalia (* 1576)
• August 19: Alexander Henderson , Scottish theologian (* 1583?)
• August 22: Anna Margarete von Braunschweig-Harburg , provost at the Quedlinburg Abbey (* 1567)
• September 11th: Odoardo I. Farnese , Duke of Parma (* 1612)
• September 14th: Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex , English officer and politician (* 1591)
• September 22: Jean-François Nicéron , French mathematician and physicist (* 1613)
• September 24: Duarte Lobo , Portuguese Renaissance composer (* 1565)
• October 4th: Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel , English nobleman (* 1585)
• October 6: Zhu Yujian , Chinese emperor of the southern Min Dynasty (* 1602)
• October 28: William Dobson , English painter (* around 1610)
• November 4th: Ludwig Günther I , Count of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt (* 1581)
• December 26: Henri II. De Bourbon , Prince of Condé (* 1588)

Web links

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