Stanislaw Koniecpolski
Stanisław Koniecpolski (* 1590/1594 in Koniecpol ; † March 11, 1646 in Brody , today in Ukraine ) was a Polish nobleman ( Szlachta ), magnate , statesman , and the highest military leader ( Grand Hetman ) of the Polish-Lithuanian Union . He is considered today as one of the most skilled and well-known military leaders in Poland and Lithuania. He spent his life almost exclusively in wars and won many victories in the course of his military career.
Life
His father was Aleksander Koniecpolski (1555-1609), Voivode of Sieradz , a supporter of King Sigismund III. Wasa of the Wasa house . His mother was Anna Sroczycka, the daughter of Stanisław Żółkiewski , Voivode of Kamieniec , who brought large estates in Podolia into the marriage. His brothers were Krzysztof Koniecpolski and Przedbor Koniecpolski.
In 1610 he took part in the Battle of Dymitriads against Moscow . During the siege of Smolensk on July 8, 1611, his brother Przedbor was killed by a collapsing wall. In the autumn of the same year Koniecpolski became a soldier under Hetman Jan Karol Chodkiewicz .
In 1612 Koniecpolski joined units of the wojsko kwarciane in Ukraine and was henceforth under the command of Stanisław Żółkiewski , who promoted him strongly. In 1614 he was commissioned to fight the units of the wojsko kwarciane , which were led by Krawacki. On May 17 of this year he won a victory against Rohatyn and took Krawacki prisoner. In 1615 he married the daughter of Zółkiewski, Katarzyna. Shortly thereafter, he was promoted to podstoli koronny .
He was captured at the Battle of Iași in Romania in 1620 and was not released until 1623. In 1624 he fought against the Ottoman vassals , in the Swedish-Polish Wars (1626–1629) against the Swedish forces of Gustav Adolf and in 1634 against invading Turkish armies at Kamjanez-Podilskyj in Ukraine.
In 1635 he suppressed the Sulyma uprising in Ukraine after the Cossacks under their ataman Ivan Sulyma had conquered and destroyed the Polish fortress of Kodak (near today's Dnipropetrovsk ).
One of Koniecpolski's greatest victories was the campaign against the Turks in 1644. At that time he commanded 19,000 soldiers, the largest military unit he has ever commanded.
Koniecpolski accumulated a great fortune during his life. He owned 16 districts ( starostwa ). His annual income was an incredible 500,000 zloty . He financed the construction of the presidential palace in Warsaw and founded the city of Brody with a citadel and bastions . In 1633 he opened a carpet manufacture here . Over 100,000 people lived in his possessions in western Ukraine. In Pidhirtsi (today Ukraine ) he also had the Pidhirtsi Castle built with a large Italian garden.
After the death of his wife Krystyna Koniecpolski married on January 16, 1646 the younger Zofia Opalińska, a daughter of the future Crown Marshal Łukasz Opaliński (1581-1654).
Koniecpolski died in 1646. Joachim Jerlicz wrote in his diary that he died from an overdose of an aphrodisiac .
literature
- Władysław Czapliński: Koniecpolski Stanisław h. Pobóg (ok. 1594-1646). W: Polski Słownik Biograficzny , vol. XIII / 4, Zakład Narodowy Imienia Ossolińskich, Wydawnictwo Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Breslau - Warsaw - Cracow 1968, pp. 523-527. ( ipsb.nina.gov.pl ) (Polish)
- Koniecpolski, Stanislaus . In: Encyclopædia Britannica . 11th edition. tape 15 : Italy - Kyshtym . London 1911, p. 893 (English, full text [ Wikisource ]).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Leszek Podhorodecki: Stanisław Koniecpolski ok. 1592-1646. Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej, Warszawa 1978 (English) ( online at Google Books ).
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Koniecpolski, Stanisław |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish magnate, statesman, hetman and highest military leader (ataman) of the Polish-Lithuanian Union |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1590 or 1594 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Koniecpol |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 11, 1646 |
| Place of death | Brody , today in Ukraine |