Johann Heinrich Swiss

Johann Heinrich Schweizer , also Johann Heinrich Schweitzer (born April 6, 1646 in Zurich , † September 23, 1705 in Heidelberg ) was a Swiss Protestant clergyman and university professor .

Life

family

Johann Heinrich Schweizer was the son of the clergyman Johann Caspar Schweizer (born June 26, 1620 in Frauenfeld , † November 8, 1688 in Zurich) and his wife Elisabeth, daughter of Konrad Keller.

His first marriage to Anna Maria, daughter of Hans Jakob Edlibach, began in 1668. In 1670 he married Dorothea daughter of the bailiff Johann Kaspar Hurter in the second marriage and in the third marriage in 1700 he married Martha (née Fels).

education

In his youth he stayed temporarily in Geneva and probably lived in Jean de Labadie's house for a few months . He heard his sermons there and came into personal contact with his students, Pierre Yvon (1646–1707) and Pierre Dulignon (approx. 1630–1681). After initially being fond of Labadie's ideas, he later changed his mind.

He studied theology first at the high school in Bern, then at the University of Basel and the University of Strasbourg and at the University of Heidelberg .

Career

From 1665 to 1667 he was a professor at the High State School in Hanau before becoming a pastor in Birmensdorf in 1667 . In 1684 he was appointed professor of Greek at the Collegium Carolinum and at the same time, as successor to his father, canon at the Grossmünster in Zurich. In 1691 he became the head of the school and the following year he became a professor of Hebrew .

Because he was exposed to frequent hostility and censorship procedures in Zurich due to his sympathy for Cartesianism , Johann Heinrich Schweizer accepted the call of Elector Johann Wilhelm von Pfalz-Neuburg to Heidelberg as the first pastor and councilor in the spring of 1705 , but died just six months later.

His work Vom Kriegs- und Fridens-Recht was translated into German by Hugo Grotius and published in 1718.

editor

Johann Heinrich Schweizer was the editor of the text Conversations Talks written by Hortensia von Salis , in which she encouraged women to be more open-minded, more knowledgeable and more mature conversationalists in doctrinal conversations.

Pietist trial 1698/1698

At the start of the Pietist Trial of 1698, which was coordinated with the Bern Trials, Johann Heinrich Schweizer handwritten a memorial dated July 31, 1698 with the title Causes and Reasons why the so-called Philadelphic Society or Pietistic Brotherhood, such as are in Engelland, Germany and Holland this meal is dangerous, both of the Churches of Godte and of the common being, especially in the Reformed Confederation, and is therefore unbearable . He wrote this work, as he explained in a letter to Georg Thormann (1655–1708), because the authorities appointed him as a deputy to investigate the pietistic machinations. In this context, he was also involved in the search of the library in the house and the office of the businessman Johann Heinrich Locher (1648–1718) on July 11, 1698.

honors and awards

• The University of Basel appointed Johann Heinrich Schweizer in 1705 Dr. theol. hc

Fonts (selection)

• Novi Testamenti dictionum Sylloge Graeco-Latina: Cum duplici Appendice . Tiguri: JJ Bodmer, 1668.
• Reprimand or research into the Rüggian answer to the scripture set against his first treatise on God's law, in which the vanity of the same clearly instructed and at the same time the sandy ground on which he has built his new treatise on the righteousness of sinner is overturned / to rescue the Honor and teaching of God and complete mouth plugging of these apostate people set up by Joh. Heinrich Schweitzer, pastor of the Birmenstorff churches in the Freyen-Amts-Chapter . Zurich 1678.
• Just condemnation of sin before the judgment of God, that is, Wol-justified refutation of the scripture uttered by the apostate Rüggen about the graciousness of man . Zurich 1681.
• Compendium Physicae Aristotelico-Cartesianae, Methodo erotematica adornatum . Basileae: J. Phil. Richter, 1685.
• Hugo Grotius; Johann Heinrich Schweizer: Hugonis Grotii Jus belli et pacis . Tyguri 1689.
• Diessertatio Philologica II, qua Doctrina de Electione in Cap. I. ad Ephesios vers. 4. contenta explicatur, & à variis παρερμηνείαις, Grotianis praecipuè, vindicatur . Zurich: David Gessner 1692.
• Hugo Grotius; Johann Heinrich Schweizer: Jus naturae et gentium, ex Hugonis Grotii nobili, de bello et pace, Opere, methodo erotematicâ, in usum studiosae pubis, traditum, à Joh. Henrico Suicero . Tiguri 1694.
• Theses Politicae de Magistratus Jure circa Sacra . Tiguri: Gessner, 1695.
• Ecclesiae reformatae interni terrores: solenni oratione expositi . Tiguri: typis Davidis Gessneri 1697.
• In epistolam S. Pauli ad Colossenses commentarius criticio-exegiticus, theologiae Christianae compendium, Accedunt Orationes panegyricae tres . Tiguri: typis Davidis Gessneri 1699.
• On war and peace law . Zurich 1718.

literature

• Hans Schneider: A Document on the Early History of Zurich Pietism. Johann Heinrich Schweizer's Causes and Reasons (1698) . In: J. Jürgen Seidel (ed.): Gegen den Strom , pp. 125–132, and Kaspar Bütikofer: Zürcher Pietismus , p. 337.
• Hanspeter Marti: Aristoteles and Descartes - Orthodoxy and prejudice criticism using the example of the physics textbook by Zurich professor Johann Heinrich Schweizer (1646–1705) . 2018.

Web links

• Christian Moser: Johann Heinrich Schweizer. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
• Johann Heinrich Swiss . In: Digital portrait index .
• Johann Heinrich Swiss . In: Hessian biography .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Schweizer, Johann Caspar. Retrieved June 13, 2020 . 
2. ^ Magdalene Heuser: Autobiographies of women: contributions to their history . Walter de Gruyter, 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-093894-4 ( google.de [accessed on June 13, 2020]).
3. ↑ ^{a b} Udo Sträter: Pietism and Modern Times Volume 39 - 2013 . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2014, ISBN 978-3-525-55911-6 ( google.de [accessed June 13, 2020]).
4. ↑ Silke Förschler, Anne Mariss: Actors, animals, things: Procedures in natural history in the early modern period . Böhlau Verlag Köln Weimar, 2017, ISBN 978-3-412-50520-2 ( google.de [accessed on June 13, 2020]).
5. ↑ European Tag Register for the current eighteenth century: 1705 . Tarnovius, 1705 ( google.de [accessed June 13, 2020]).
6. ↑ Sabine Koloch: Communication, Power, Education: Women in the Cultural Process of the Early Modern Age . Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2015, ISBN 978-3-05-005741-5 ( google.de [accessed on June 13, 2020]).
7. ↑ Rudolf Dellsperger : Between Revelation and Experience: Collected Essays on Historical Theology . Theological Verlag Zurich, 2015, ISBN 978-3-290-17842-0 ( google.de [accessed on June 13, 2020]).
8. ↑ Thormann, Georg. Retrieved June 13, 2020 . 
9. ↑ Kaspar Bütikofer: The early Zurich Pietism (1689–1721): The social background and the worlds of thought and life as reflected in the library of Johann Heinrich Lochers (1648–1718) . Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2009, ISBN 978-3-647-55841-7 ( google.de [accessed on June 13, 2020]).
10. ^ Christian Scheidegger: Religious currents in Zurich at the time of Scheuchzer. Retrieved June 13, 2020 .