Madruzzo (noble family)

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Family coat of arms

The Madruzzo (dt. Madrutz u. Ä.) Were an Italian aristocratic family with ancestral seats in Nanno and Denno in Trentino , which named itself from 1452 after the possessions it acquired at that time, Castle Madrutz ( Italian Castello Madruzzo ) in Lasino .

In the early modern period it provided four prince-bishops of Trento , thus rulers of the Trentino , and thus also achieved some importance at the European level between the Empire and the Pope.

history

The Madruzzo family originally named themselves after their possessions Nanno and Denno (the latter castle has now disappeared) in Trentino ( Trentino-Alto Adige region in northern Italy). The first historically tangible representative of this family was Roberto signore di Nanno , who appeared in a document on July 23, 1217.

Castle and estate of Madruzzo (in Lasino in the Valle dei Laghi), which originally belonged to a noble family called di Madruzzo , which died out in 1380 , were acquired by subsequent owners in 1447 by Aliprando, a son of Guglielmo di Denno-Nanno. Since 1452 his brother, the progenitor of the family, Giovanni di Nanno († before 1469), also called himself Lord of Madruzzo . He was also "Sindaco" (roughly: mayor) of Madruzzo, Calavino and Lasino. From 1475 onwards his descendants named themselves mainly after Madruzzo. His son Federico von Nano, Lord of Madruzzo, commanded troops against Venice in 1487 for the Roman-German King Maximilian I. In the 16th century, the Castel Toblino also came to the Madruzzo, an old episcopal fief that became the preferred summer residence of the Madruzzo bishops. Isabelle de Challant (1531–1596), wife of Giovanni Frederico di Madruzzo (1535–1586), gave the Castello di Issogne in the Aosta Valley to the family.

The heyday of Madruzzo began with Giovanni Gaudenzio Madruzzo, Federico's son. This earned military fame and baronial rank in the service of Emperor Charles V.

Cristoforo Madruzzo (1512–1578), Prince-Bishop of Trento
Giovanni Ludovico Madruzzo (1532–1600), Prince-Bishop of Trento

His son Cristoforo Madruzzo (1512–1578) became Prince-Bishop of Trento in 1539 and thus ruler of the Trentino. This position, which the family was able to occupy for well over a century, formed the basis for their position of power. Cristoforo was also the host and eminent theologian of the Council of Trent . Belonging to the Holy Roman Empire and the House of Habsburg , which made up its emperors , as well as to the Italian cultural sphere (among other things as cardinals of the Curia) also assigned the Trientine prince-bishops a mediating role between the two, from which the importance of the family grew. In 1543 he also became Prince-Bishop of Brixen . In 1556, the Spanish King Philip II appointed Cristoforo governor of the Duchy of Milan . In 1567 he left this post and resigned from his episcopal chair in Trento in favor of his nephew Giovanni Ludovico Madruzzo (1532–1600), who had been coadjutor with the right of succession since 1550 ; After his death in Brixen he was succeeded by his nephew Johann Thomas von Spaur as Prince-Bishop.

At this time, the Madruzzo combined a clever marriage policy with powerful European aristocratic families, such as the Medici , Fugger , Gonzaga , Orsini and the lords of Ems and Altemps .

The following were the prince-bishops from the House of Madruzzo:

Cardinal Ludovico Madruzzo (1532–1600) took part in the Augsburg Diet in 1582 as a papal legate , as well as in seven papal elections . He spent most of his life in Rome and died there.

His nephew Carlo Madruzzo (1562–1629) was his successor in Trento in 1600 and cardinal in 1604. This also died in Rome.

With the fourth Trento prince-bishop of the family, Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo (1599-1658), the male family died out in 1658. His request to be placed in the laity to prevent extinction was rejected by the Pope. Of course, he left behind some illigetime descendants who continued to excel politically and scientifically.

The family headquarters, the Castel Madruzzo, as well as the Castello di Issogne fell by inheritance and by marriage to the Lenoncourt family in 1661 and to the Del Carretto, Marchesi di Balestrino in 1691 , the latter after an inheritance dispute in 1696 to a line of the original owner family of Challant had to publish. The Castel Nanno fell to the Trentino church.

Andreas Nikolaus Madruzzo (1685–1726), who came from a sideline, managed to be officially confirmed as a descendant of the family, but this line also died out in the male line in 1796.

Members of the main branch

Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo (1562–1629), Prince-Bishop of Trento
Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo (1599–1658), Prince-Bishop of Trento
  • Giovanni Gaudenzio di Madruzzo (1486–1550) ⚭ 1507 Euphemia of Sporemberg (* approx. 1490) - Sparrenberg
    • Nicola di Madruzzo (1508–1572) ⚭ 1530 Helene von Lamberg († 1559) ⚭ 1560 Gerardina von Arco (1499–1551)
      • Ferdinando Fortunato di Madruzzo (1534–1556) ⚭ Ursula Margarethe, Countess von Hohenems (1536–1608)
        • Niccolò IV of Madruzzo
        • Gianangelo Gaudenzio di Madruzzo, Barone d'Avy (1562–1618) ⚭ 1562 Caterina Orsini ⚭ 1584 Alfonsina Gonzaga
        • Elena di Madruzzo (1564–1627) ⚭ Georg, Count Fugger von Nordendorf
        • Orsola di Madruzzo ⚭ Christoph von Wolkenstein-Rodenegg
        • Cecilia di Madruzzo († 1633)
      • Giovanni Frederico di Madruzzo (1535–1586) ⚭ 1557 Isabelle de Challant (1531–1596), heiress of the Castello di Issogne in the Aosta Valley
        • Emmanuele Renato di Madruzzo († 1614) ⚭ 1596 Emmanuelle Philiberte de Seyssel
          • Carlo Emanuele Madruzzo (1599–1658), Count of Challant, Fenis, Avio Aaberg, Prince-Bishop of Trento
          • Vittorio Gaudenzio Madruzzo († 1631), Count of Challant, Fenis, Avio and Aaberg oo Ersilia d'Adda
        • Carlo Gaudenzio Madruzzo (1562–1629) Prince-Bishop of Trento, Cardinal (1604), Bishop of Smyrna (1595), Bishop of Sabina (1606)
        • Gian Gaudenzio de Madruzzo, on Castel Toblino
        • Cristina de Madruzzo (1563–1624) ⚭ 1581 Claudius von Salm († 1583), oo 1583 Conte di Roussilon
        • Gabriele Ferdinando de Madruzzo, Baron di Bauffremont (1564–1507) ⚭ 1598 Bonne de Livron
        • Margherita de Madruzzo (1565–1602) ⚭ Delfino Tizzoni Maria Count of Desana
        • Caterina de Madruzzo (1570–1623) ⚭ Hannibal Grimaldi , Count of Boglio
        • Elena de Bona Madruzzo (1572–1639) ⚭ Prospero Frichignono, Conte di Castellengo e Tronzano
        • Eleonora de Madruzzo (1573–1636) ⚭ Carlo Adriano Costa, Conte di Polonghera, Arignano e Fortepasso
        • Isabella de Madruzzo oo Guido Conte di San Giorgio
      • Euphemia of Madrutz
      • Giovanni Ludovico Madruzzo (1532–1600), Prince-Bishop of Trento and Cardinal
      • Elisabetta di Madruzzo (1538–1592) ⚭ Johann von Wolkenstein-Rodenegg
      • Odorico di Madruzzo
      • Gaudenzio Madruzzo
      • George Madruzzo
      • Giulia di Madruzzo ⚭ Leopold, Baron von Herberstein
      • Eriprando di Madruzzo
      • Cristoforo di Madruzzo
      • Alessandro di Madruzzo
      • Isabella di Madruzzo ⚭ Johann von Wolkenstein
      • Gaudenzio di Madruzzo
    • Cristoforo Madruzzo (1512–1578), Prince-Bishop of Trento, Bishop of Tusculum and Cardinal
    • Eriprando Baron di Madruzzo (1523–1547) ⚭ Maxentia Floriani
    • George Madruzzo († 1560)
    • Balthasar von Madrutz
    • Marta di Madruzzo ⚭ Joseph von Egger
    • Katharina von Madrutz († 1551) ⚭ Ulrich zu Spaur and Flavon (1495–1549)
    • Birgitta von Madrutz († 1576) ⚭ 1531 Johann Freiherr zu Trautson Sprechenstein (1509–1589)

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Madruzzo family in Siebmacher's coat of arms book from 1605

The coat of arms is quartered. In fields 1 and 4 it shows six slanted bars in silver and blue, the coat of arms of the Nano family, in fields 2 and 3 a silver five-mountain on a black background, which is covered with a red rafter, the coat of arms of the Sparrenberg family (Sparemberg). The middle shield shows the old Madruzzo coat of arms in red, in the lower half two silver stakes.

reception

In 1910, Benito Mussolini wrote a historical novel (L'amante del cardinale, dt. The Cardinal's Mistress), in which he addresses the allegedly decadent end of the family around the fourth and last prince-bishop.

literature

Web links

Commons : House of Madruzzo  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke , European Family Tables , New Series, Volume XVI Bavaria and Franconia, Plate 8, Verlag JA Stargardt, Berlin, 1995
  2. ↑ Detlev Schwennicke , European Family Tables , New Series, Volume XVI Bavaria and Franconia, Plate 8, Verlag JA Stargardt, Berlin, 1995
  3. ↑ GeneAll.net Sporemberg
  4. ↑ logged Sparrenberg