Johann III. by Trautson
Johann III. of Trautson since 1541 Freiherr zu Sprechenstein (* around 1507 in Tyrol ; † 29. December 1589 in Prague ), Mr. on Matrei , Schrofenstein , Bideneck in Tyrol and gentleman on etc. Poysbrunn , Laa an der Thaya etc. in Lower Austria , was a nobleman from Tyrol and an Austrian statesman, who served in Tyrol as governor on the Adige, burgrave of Tyrol and captain of Rovereto and, in addition, three emperors from the House of Austria in 60 years : Ferdinand I , Maximilian II (1564–1576 ) and Rudolf II. (1576–1612). 49 years thereof as a member of the Privy Council , but also as court marshal and chief steward . In 1541 he was raised to the status of an hereditary baron (i.e. in the territories inherited by the Habsburgs ) of Sprechenstein, acquired important property in Tyrol as well as in present-day Lower Austria and was the closer progenitor of his now-extinct house, which became the imperial count in 1599 and in 1711 Imperial prince rise.
origin
Johann III. von Trautson came from the Trautson family , which belongs to the Tyrolean nobility , as the oldest progenitor, Swigger von Reichenberg, and his son Chunrad von Trautson appear in documents as early as 1164.
The father of Johann III. was Johann II von Trautson , knight, lord of Reifeneck, Sprechenstein Castle , Matrei and Schrofenstein . He was royal councilor and since 1531 Colonel Hereditary Marshal of Tyrol, died in Innsbruck on February 15, 1531 and was buried in Wilten Abbey.
Through his paternal grandmother, Dorothea von Schrofenstein, Johann III was. a descendant of the adventurer, singer, poet and politician Oswald von Wolkenstein (* approx. 1377; † August 2, 1445), who is regarded as the "last minstrel ".
Via his mother's sister, Katharina von Schrofenstein, Johann II von Trautson was related by marriage to her husband Georg von Frundsberg (* 1473; † 1528), the "father of the mercenaries".
The mother of Johann III. von Trautson was Maria von Sigwein auf Bideneck, the heir daughter of Johannes von Sigwein auf Bideneck and Sofia von Rindsmaul from the Kronberg family.
Life
Youth and advancement in Tyrol
Trautson was born around 1507 in Tyrol, received a good education and, after completing his studies, undertook a cavalier tour of Europe in 1530/31 .
After his return he married Brigitta Maria Susanna Freiin von Madruzzo (* 1518 Madruzzo, † 1576 in Vienna), a daughter of Baron Giangaudenzo (Johann Gaudenz) von Madruzzo, Lord of Castel Madruzzo, Castel Nanno, Castel Toblino (both today in the province of Trentino in Italy ). Through this marriage he got family contacts to leading statesmen of his time: his father-in-law was court master of the influential Chancellor of Emperor Ferdinand I (* 1503; † 1564), Cardinal Bernhard von Cles , Prince- Bishop of Trento . Cardinal Cles' successor as Bishop of Trento was the twenty-seven-year-old Cristoforo Madruzzo (* 1512; † July 5, 1578 in Tivoli, Villa d'Este) - and none other than his brother-in-law, who was Prince-Bishop of Trento from 1539 to 1567 and from 1542 Cardinal and, finally, Cardinal Bishop of Porto , during which time - from 1545 to 1563 - the important Council of Trent took place, which he opened.
As an inheritance from his father, John III. Trautson in 1531 hereditary marshal of the ducal county of Tyrol and in 1538 on the council of King Ferdinand I. At the same time, he was appointed regent of the "Upper Austrian" government based in Innsbruck . (This Upper Austria was a separate domain of the Habsburgs, which dates back to a historical division of inheritance from the Habsburg hereditary lands in 1406 and continued to have an effect until 1665. It comprised Tyrol, Vorarlberg and the " Vorlande " (the Habsburg possessions west of Tyrol) and therefore has the archduchy of the same name and later Austrian federal state Upper Austria nothing to do.)
Trautson played the core area among the Tyrolean estates not only because of his function as Oberst-Erblandmarschall, but also as governor on the Adige, as Burggraf zu Tirol (administrator of the "Burggrafenamt", an administrative district in the Adige Valley near Meran in South Tyrol) of historical Tyrol) and captain to Rovereto and to Stein am Gallian (Caliano) and because of his personality an important role. So it was, inter alia, in 1541, when the city of Ofen (the Hungarian capital Buda) was occupied by the Turks after the death of Johann Zápolya , King of Hungary (1526 / 1538–1540) and money and troops were needed to defend themselves against the Turks , elected by a meeting of the estates in the city of Bolzano as one of their representatives, who had the task of organizing the estates support for the necessary countermeasures.
In recognition of his own merits as well as that of his ancestor Sixt Trautson, "who fought against the rule of Venice with the shedding of his blood " - he fell as an imperial field captain near Pieve di Cadore (in the province of Belluno in Italy - the birthplace of Titian , on 10 March 1508) - Hanns III. Elevated by King Ferdinand of Linz on November 1, 1541 to "Erbländischen Freiherrn zu Sprechenstein" and at the same time accepted into the lordship of the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns .
Statesman in Vienna
Already in 1540 Trautson became a member of the Secret Council established by King Ferdinand I in 1527 - which at that time was the most important advisory body both for matters of the hereditary countries and for imperial politics. In his role as the Privy Councilor, Trautson regularly accompanied the three emperors he served to the Reichstag . Trautson was to perform this important function for 49 years, that is, almost half a century.
In 1544 he was appointed Imperial Colonel Court Marshal, which he held until 1565. He was thus responsible for the settlement of disputes and for the jurisdiction at the imperial court. In this function he also signed the will of Emperor Ferdinand I.
In 1547 Trautson took part in the "armored" Reichstag in Augsburg , at which Emperor Charles V failed with his plans to overthrow Lutheranism and establish a strong Catholic imperial power, since only the " Augsburg Interim " was decided there limited to reversing some reforms in favor of the Protestants in southern German cities.
In the same year, Trautson was given a delicate task, as he was entrusted with guarding the Elector Johann Friedrich I "the Magnanimous" of Saxony (1532–1547), who was imprisoned on April 24, 1547 after the battle of Mühlberg Troops was sentenced to death on May 10th, then pardoned to life imprisonment and lost the electoral dignity like most of his lands to Moritz von Sachsen ( Elector of Saxony from 1547 to 1553). This task was to occupy Trautson for 5 years, as it was not until 1552 that the Passau Treaty reached an agreement on the release of the former elector.
In the 1550s, Trautson was one of the closest advisers to King Ferdinand I, who knew him from his work in Tyrol and appointed him his chief steward in 1550 , a position that Trautson held until 1558. This influence was further strengthened by the fact that his sister Eleonora von Trautson was the Archduchess Eleonore's (* 1534 - † 1594) - from 1561 Duchess of Mantua - a daughter of King Ferdinand I and his brother-in-law Cristoforo Madruzzo - who later became cardinal 1541 chamberlain of the three sons of Ferdinand I.
The chief steward was the most important person at the imperial court, because she was usually associated with the chairmanship of the Privy Council, in which the policy was determined not only with regard to the Habsburg hereditary lands, but also the imperial policy. At the same time, this office also included essential parts of the imperial household, such as hunting, life guards, kitchen and chapel.
His activity at the Viennese court forced Trautson to stay longer and longer in Vienna , so that he felt compelled to find suitable accommodation in Vienna. He therefore acquired a Gothic Freihaus from Hieronymus Ritz, since 1530 "von Sprinzenstein" (* approx. 1510; † Neuhaus unter der Enns February 22, 1570, son of the learned author, philosopher, Kabbalist and physician Paul Ritz of the time of humanism) in Breunerstraße 12 (Stallburggasse 4 or Habsburgergasse 9), which remained in the family until 1787, but was later replaced by a new building.
In 1565 there was an internal ranking dispute at the Viennese court, because Leonhard IV. Von Harrach , Imperial Baron zu Rohrau (* 1514 - † 1590) as acting Chief Chamberlain of Emperor Maximilian II. Compared to Trautson - the former Chief Chamberlain of Emperor Ferdinand I. - claimed precedence and presidency of the Privy Council. However, this should not have been successful, which Trautson appears in 1567 in a letter to the Turkish pasha in Ofen, (Buda, the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary) as chairman of the secret council.
Trautson also took part in the preparatory talks for the peace negotiations with the Sublime Porte in 1566 and, as a Privy Councilor, also took part in the Reichstag in Regensburg in 1576 and in the Reichstag in Augsburg in 1582.
Under Rudolf II , Roman Emperor (1576–1612), Trautson was also a member of the committee for religious tracts elected by the Lower Austrian state parliament in 1578 , which included five Catholic secret councils - including Trautson - and six Protestant secret councils. Trautson was a strong representative of the Catholic cause and operated the Catholic renewal together with the then official of the Bishop of Passau , in Vienna, Melchior Khlesl (* 1552; † 1630), who later became Bishop of Vienna (1598) and Cardinal (1615) not only one of the main representatives of the Counter Reformation , but also Chancellor of Archduke Matthias of Austria, Roman Emperor (1612–1619).
An imperial certificate issued in Prague on February 14th gave Trautson the title “Well-born”.
In 1583 Trautson also received the Bohemian Inkolat , although, as far as is known, he did not own any goods in Bohemia.
Old age and death
Trautson had become so old in the service of the House of Austria at the age of 80 that the growing criticism of the outdated composition, the slowness and faintheartedness of the Privy Council was directed against him personally, because in 1587 it was said of him, “He was old and insufficient ".
On April 6, 1589, Trautson was - at his own request? - Relieved of his public functions with the granting of a considerable “grace money”. He left active public service at the age of around 82, which was a downright biblical age for those times.
Trautson died on December 29, 1589 in Prague at the age of 82, after having served three emperors for over 60 years, including 49 years as a member of the Privy Council. His body was brought to the Kapitelkirche above Prague Castle in a solemn conduit - which was captured in an oil painting still in the Poysbrunn Palace , where the solemn requiem was held.
His remains were then brought to Vienna and buried in the family crypt in the Michaelerkirche . His sons had a precious marble tomb built for him in the middle of the presbytery , on which the deceased lies in knight armor on a tumba that rests on lions' heads. This tomb was moved under an arcade to the left of the high altar in 1670. The tomb is attributed to Alexander Colin , who created tombs for the Habsburgs in Innsbruck and in Prague Cathedral.
possession
In Tyrol
Trautson made successful efforts to expand the inherited property in Tyrol: from his father he had inherited the lords of Raspenbühel and Sprechenstein, with which he was enfeoffed in 1531. In 1546, after the death of his nephew Georg Philipp von Schrofenstein, he was enfeoffed with Bideneck Castle, but sold it after only six years. In 1552 he acquired the Fischweide zu Pfitsch, a Brixen fief that remained in the possession of the Trautsons until 1749.
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Two years later he received the Gufidaun (municipality of Klausen in South Tyrol ) and Villanders (in the Eisack Valley above Klausen in South Tyrol) from Ferdinand I as a pledge and also brought the Hocheppan, Korb and Summersberg (in Gufidaun) and Stein am castle Ritten (today castle ruins between Klobenstein and Unterinn below Siffian in South Tyrol) itself. In 1564 he was enfeoffed by the Bishop of Chur with the Schroffenstein Castle after his mother's family with his nephew Georg Philipp von Schrofenstein had died out in 1546.
Thanks to his thrift, his financial skills - and not least thanks to his good relationships with the sovereign administration - he was one of the richest large landowners in Tyrol.
In 1541, he had the Tyrolean master builder and sculptor Gregor Türing (* 1543) built a residential building in keeping with his standing in Innsbruck - the Trautsonhaus, a Gothic arbor with two magnificent bay windows - which still exists today (Herzog-Friedrich-Straße No. 22).
In Lower Austria
As a result of his work as the Privy Councilor of Emperor Ferdinand I, his activities increasingly shifted from Tyrol to Vienna and Lower Austria, which is why he was interested in establishing himself there.
As early as 1557 he tried to buy the castle and manor Mödling near Vienna, but this did not succeed. An attempt made a year later to acquire the prince's castle and rule Falkenstein in northern Lower Austria near Mistelbach ) as a pledge was, however, thanks to the support of his friend, an Austrian statesman (President of the Hofkammer (1567–1575) and historian Reichard Streun von Schwarzenau ( * 1538 - † 1600) after the death of the previous pledge holder, Hanns III of Fünfkirchen (* 1502 - † 1571). The handover of the rule took place on July 7th 1572, the enfeoffment by Emperor Maximilian II on September 17th of the same At the same time, Trautson successfully tried to acquire the neighboring Poysbrunn estate (in the northern Weinviertel in Lower Austria) from the family of Hanns Maishauser, who died in 1570, and was able to sign the letter of purchase on September 19, 1571 - just two days after the Falkenstein loan. Linked to this was the right of patronage over the parish of Poysbrunn.
The purchase of the important Falkenstein parish from the Benedictine monastery in Kremsmünster , which took place on October 23, 1581, rounded off the goods acquired in Lower Austria . The three dominions were administered centrally from Poysbrunn. In addition, Trautson had already taken over the pledge of Hainburg an der Donau for 15,540 guilders in 1574 , which was prescribed to him for life. The last significant acquisition concerned the lordship of Laa an der Thaya (in the northern Weinviertel in Lower Austria), which had been pledged to the city of Laa since 1570 with tolls, unpayment and district court , but which, however, did not meet its obligations. Emperor Rudolf II released the rule from the pledge and enfeoffed Trautson on November 24, 1578.
Trautson was ultimately able to have the following properties in the title: "Freiherr zu Sprechenstein, Herr auf Matrei, Schroffenstein, Bideneck, Raspenbühel, Hoch-Eppan, Korb, Sommersberg, Gufidaun and Stein in Tirol, on Falkenstein, Ottenthal, Drasenhofen, Stützenhofen, Alt- Ruppersdorf, Dürnbach, (Klein-) Schweinbart, Garschönthal, Hanfthal, Pottenhofen, Poysbrunn and Laa an der Thaya in Lower Austria ”.
Marriage and children
Johann III. von Trautson married Brigitta Maria Susanna Freiin von Madruzzo in 1531 († April 27, 1576 in Vienna, where she was buried in the Michaelerkirche). She was a daughter of Baron Giangaudenzo (Johann Gaudenz) of Madruzzo, Lord of Castel Madruzzo, Nanno, Castel Toblino etc. and of Eufemia Freiin von Sparrenberg, on Pradell and Villanders.
Children:
- Balthasar II von Trautson Freiherr zu Sprechenstein († between May 19, 1590 and July 21, 1597 in Rovereto), Lord of Schroffenstein, Falkenstein, Matrei, Reifeneck, Raspenbühel, Gufidaun, Villanders, Ritten, Enn and others. Kaldif, Obersterblandmarschall der Fürsteten Grafschaft Tirol , Imperial Privy Councilor and Captain of Rovereto . He was the progenitor of the older line of Counts in Sprechenstein, which had been in the hands of the imperial count since 1599 and which went out in 1629.
- Johann IV von Trautson, imperial cupbearer and truchess († 1566), unmarried, buried in the presbytery of the Michaelerkirche in Vienna
- Caspar von Trautson (* 1546; † 1551)
- Clara von Trautson († as a toddler)
- Paul Sixt von Trautson , Freiherr zu Sprechenstein, since 1599 Reichsgraf zu Falkenstein, Freiherr zu Sprechenstein and Schroffenstein (* approx. 1550 - 30 July 1621, buried in the Michaelerkirche in Vienna), Herr auf Matrei, Raspenbühel, Poisbrunn, Laa an der Thaya, Fladnitz, Seyring and to St. Pölten, Obersterblandhofmeister in the Archduchy of Austria under the Enns, Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece , Imperial Real Privy Councilor and Treasurer, Governor of the Lower Austrian Government, received the Hungarian Indigenous Council in 1609, and in 1609 the salutation “Hoch und Wohlgebohren ”and in 1615 the Great Palatinate and the Coin Shelf . He was the progenitor of the younger line of the imperial counts of Trautson zu Falkenstein, which was raised to the rank of imperial prince in 1711 , but already expired in 1775.
literature
- Franz Hadriga: The Trautson. Paladins of Habsburgs . Styria, Graz Vienna Cologne, 1996, ISBN 3-222-12337-3 .
- J. Siebmacher's large book of arms, volume 26; "The coats of arms of the nobility in Lower Austria" Part 2, S - Z, reprint edition of the arrangement by Johann Baptist Witting (Nuremberg 1918), Verlag Bauer und Raspe, owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1983, ISBN 3-87947-036- 7th
- Franz von Krones: Trautson, Johann (II) (first) Freiherr von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 38, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1894, p. 519 f.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f J. Siebmacher's large Wappenbuch, Volume 26; "The coats of arms of the nobility in Lower Austria" Part 2, S - Z, reprint edition of the arrangement by Johann Baptist Witting (Nuremberg 1918), Verlag Bauer und Raspe, owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1983, ISBN 3-87947-036- 7 , p. 377
- ^ Franz Hadriga: The Trautson, Paladine Habsburgs. Verlag Styria, Graz Vienna Cologne 1996, p. 41, ISBN 3-222-12337-3
- ↑ April 26, 1576 according to genealogy.euweb.cz
- ↑ J. Siebmacher, op. Cit. P. 377a
- ↑ a b Franz Hadriga: op.cit. P. 53.
- ↑ a b c Franz Hadriga op.cit. P. 57.
- ↑ Franz Hadriga op. Cit. P. 54.
- ↑ Franz Hadriga op. Cit. P. 61
- ↑ St. Michael as Burial Place , accessed on September 28, 2012
- ↑ Entry about Castle Schrofenstein on Burgen-Austria
- ↑ Detlev Schwennike (editor): op. Cit. Volume XVI Bavaria and Franconia, plates 5-7, Verlag JA Stargardt, Berlin, 1995
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Trautson, Johann III. from |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Trautson Freiherr zu Sprechenstein, Johann III. from |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian statesman |
| DATE OF BIRTH | around 1507 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Tyrol |
| DATE OF DEATH | December 29, 1589 |
| Place of death | Prague |