Trautson

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Family coat of arms of those von Trautson in Scheibler's book of arms
Coat of arms of the Princes of Trautson and Falckenstein

Trautson (also Herren von Trautson , later Prince von Trautson ) is the name of an important noble family that originated in Tyrol and branched out to Lower Austria from the middle of the 16th century . They soon belonged to the most powerful Austrian noble families of the Habsburg Monarchy , and in 1711 they also rose to the rank of prince . In 1775 the male line died out and was inherited by Auersperg .

Family history

Tyrolean origin of the family

The Lords of Trautson appear in a document for the first time in the second half of the 12th century. A Konrad Trautson named 1192 seems to have been a son of Swickers von Reichenberg , a brother possibly called himself Heinrich Suppan von Tirol. The family, related by marriage to the noble free von Enn , rose with the castles of Reifenstein (inherited around 1190), Sprechenstein (built in 1241), Straßberg , Moos (in Wiesen , mentioned from 1325), the tower in Pfitsch , some of which were owned by the feudal fief and partly in their own possession and the Kröllturm in Gargazon (built around 1250) to the leading ministerial family in the upper Eisack valley . In 1369 Hans Trautson von Sprechenstein acquired the castles Trautson with Vogelbühel and in 1395 Raspenbühel in Matrei am Brenner through his marriage to Anastasia von Matrei .

The Burg Schrofenstein in Stanz bei Landeck in Tirol Oberland came through the marriage of Sixt Trautson († 1508) with Dorothea von Schrofenstein the Trautson. The hereditary marshal dignity of Tyrol was conferred on Johann II von Trautson († 1531) in 1531. 1541 was his son Johann III. von Trautson (* around 1509, † 1589) elevated to "Freiherrn von Sprechenstein " by Ferdinand I. At the same time, the family was included in the lords of Austria under the Enns .

Count of Falkenstein

In 1572, Emperor Maximilian II sold the Falkenstein castle and rule in Lower Austria to his court master, Hans Freiherr von Trautson . From 1600 his son Paul Sixt III built. from Trautson Falkenstein to the Renaissance fortress. In 1598 Emperor Rudolf II raised him to " Imperial Count of Falkenstein". From 1615 to 1620 Paul Sixtus minted his own talers and groschen for the County of Falkenstein. Since 1620 the family held the office of master steward in Austria under the Enns. Falkenstein and Poysbrunn Castle as the centers of the county were expanded by the family in a representative way. At the end of the 17th century, the building activity developed mainly in church buildings. From 1581 the Trautson family had the right to patronize the parish. The Viennese bishop Ernst von Trautson , owner of the county from 1678 to 1702, had St. Jakobus in Falkenstein completed, St. Dorothea in Poysbrunn expanded and St. Veit built in Drasenhofen . His brother and successor Franz Eusebius financed the construction of St. Martin in Ottenthal .

In 1588 the castle and rule of Kaya went to the Trautson family, as did the Niederfladnitz rule via a daughter of the Eyczinger family. Goldegg Castle was bought by the Trautson family in 1669 and expanded.

In the area around Poysbrunn they had extensive land and from 1711 to 1714 the Trautson family were also owners of the imperial county of Ried am Inn . Through further estates in Upper Austria, the Trautson were also members of the lords of Austria ob der Enns and, due to their extensive estates in Hungary, also owned the Hungarian indigenous population .

The main residence of the family in Vienna was the Palais Trautson , which the first Prince Trautson had built in 1712 by master builder Christian Alexander Oedtl according to plans by Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach . It is one of the most important baroque buildings in Vienna; its model was the Amsterdam town house . In Rodaun near Vienna they also owned a property built in 1724, which was later called " Hofmannsthal-Schlössl ".

Prince Trautson

The statesman and court official Johann Leopold Donat Graf von Trautson (* 1659, † 1724) obtained the imperial prince status in the Primogenitur through Emperor Joseph I , who honored him with it on March 19, 1711 - four weeks before his own death. In addition to the dignity of imperial prince, Trautson also had the titles of imperial count zu Falkenstein , barons zu Sprechenstein and Schrofenstein , lord on Matrei , Kaya , Laa an der Thaya , Neuschloss bei Olmütz and Sankt Pölten , which outlined his most important dominions.

After the death of the first prince in 1724, his only surviving son Johann Wilhelm (* 1700, † 1775) succeeded him as the second prince of Trautson and majorate . Despite several marriages and numerous descendants, none of the children survived him, so that the Trautson family died out in the male line.

Auersperg-Trautson

After the male Trautson family died out, ownership and the hereditary marshal dignity of Tyrol finally passed to the Auersperg family . A daughter of the second prince, Johann Wilhelm von Trautson, Maria Josepha Rosalia (1724–1792), had married in 1744 Karl Josef Anton von Auersperg (1720–1800), who was elevated to prince in 1791 and whose stepmother was a daughter of the first prince Trautson. The younger son from their marriage, Prince Karl Auersperg (1750-1822), became the main heir of the Trautson estate after the death of his grandfather, took the name "Auersperg-Trautson" and died in 1822. There was an inheritance dispute with them the Prince Johann Nepomuk Friedrich von Lamberg , who was also married to a daughter of the second Prince Trautson. As a result of the dispute, the Falkenstein estate was sold to Christoph Johann Freiherr von Bartenstein, son of Johann Christoph von Bartenstein in 1799 .

After the death of the childless Prince Karl in 1822, the Trautson inheritance passed to the descendants of his older brother Wilhelm von Auersperg (1749–1822), the 6th Prince of Auersperg. The Trautson castles Goldegg in Lower Austria and the Tyrolean castles Sprechenstein and Trautson still belong to the Auersperg-Trautson family today.

Tribe list

  1. Paul Sixt I von Trautson († 1508), knight, land marshal in Tyrol, lord on Reifeneck and Sprechenstein, imperial field captain.
    1. Johann II. († 1531), Colonel Hereditary Land Marshal of the princes of Tyrol
      1. Johann III. (* around 1509, † 1589), statesman, 1st baron of the Trautson family
        1. Balthasar II von Trautson († 1594), Austrian statesman
        2. Paul Sixt III. (* around 1550, † 1621), statesman, 1st count from the Trautson family
          1. Johann Franz von Trautson (* 1609, † 1663), Count of Falkenstein
            1. Ernst (* 1633, † 1702), Prince-Bishop of Vienna
            2. Paul Sixt V. (* 1635, † 1678), diplomat
            3. Johann Leopold Donat (* 1659, † 1724), 1st prince of the Trautson family
              1. Johann Wilhelm (born January 5, 1700, † May 31, 1775), 2nd prince of the Trautson family
                1. Maria Josepha Rosalia von Trautson (* 1724, † 1792), married to Karl Josef Anton von Auersperg (1720–1800)
              2. Cardinal Johann Joseph (* 1707, † 1757), Prince Archbishop of Vienna

Burial places

The oldest representatives of the Trautson family were buried in the parish church of Matrei am Brenner . The Trautson's most important burial place was in the crypt under the Michaelerkirche in Vienna , where the most important members of the family found their final resting place with the 1st baron, 1st count and 1st prince from the family. The three mentioned Trautson, who had received an increase in rank for the sex, also received magnificent tombs in the choir of the Michaelerkirche.

coat of arms

Coat of arms of the Trautson

Blazon : The increased coat of arms of the Trautson was quartered with a heart shield : In blue a silver horseshoe (= Trautson); 1 in gold a crowned black double-headed eagle with the gold letter "R" (= Rudolf II. ) On the chest; 2 in red a silver crossbar, covered with a falcon sitting on a pointed rock (= Falkenstein ); 3 in silver a red-armored black cock on a black rock (= speaking stone ); 4 in gold, a natural ibex growing from red fire flames (= Schrofenstein ). Princely hat and coat.

swell

  • Franz Hadriga: The Trautson. Paladins of Habsburgs. Styria, Graz et al. 1996, ISBN 3-222-12337-3 .
  • Franz Gall : Austrian heraldry. Handbook of coat of arms science. 2nd edition, Vienna 1992, p. 293.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Martin Bitschnau, Burg und Adel in Tirol between 1050 and 1300 , Vienna 1983, pp. 168f., 306f.
  2. ^ The state of Tyrol with an appendix, page 849
  3. ↑ Holzmair, Eduard: Coin history of the Austrian new princes. - Vienna: Br.900l Numismatic Society 1946.
  4. ^ Rudolf Zinnhobler : The affiliation of Falkenstein to the association of the Kremsmünster parishes (1506–1581) . In: Yearbook of the Upper Austrian Museum Association . tape 109 , 1964, pp. 284-318 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  5. ^ Franz Hadriga: The Trautson. Paladins of Habsburgs. Styria, Graz et al. 1996, ISBN 3-222-12337-3 .
  6. ↑ see genealogy.euweb.cz

Web links

Commons : Trautson  - collection of images, videos and audio files