Johann II of Trautson
Johann II von Trautson († February 15, 1531 ) was a Tyrolean nobleman , knight, lord of Trautson Castle (in the municipality of Reifeneck), Sprechenstein Castle , Matrei am Brenner , Bidenegg Castle and Schrofenstein , was archducal Austrian , then royal councilor since 1531 Colonel Hereditary Marshal of Tyrol and ancestor of the later barons, counts and princes of Trautson.
origin
Johann II von Trautson came from the Trautson family , which is part of the Tyrolean nobility , as the oldest progenitor, Swigger von Reichenberg, and his son Chunrad von Trautson appeared in documents as early as 1164 and their descendants as ministerials of the Counts of Tyrol since the 12th century were active.
Since 1369 they also owned the castle and estate of Matrei in the municipality of Mühlbachl in the Wipptal as heir to the Lords of Matrei.
The father of Johann II was Paul Sixt I von Trautson, knight, land marshal in Tyrol, lord of Reifeneck and Sprechenstein, imperial field captain, in 1499 district captain in the upper and lower Inn valley. He took part in the campaign of Maximilian I against the Republic of Venice in 1508 , commanding 1,300 men, but was defeated by the Venetians and fell in the battle of Pieve di Cadore (today in the province of Belluno , Italy ). He was beheaded on March 10, 1508.
The mother of Johann II von Trautson was Dorothea von Schrofenstein, whose family owned Schrofenstein Castle as early as 1228 . She was the heir to the knight Oswald von Schrofenstein and the Praxedis Freiin von Wolkenstein from the Trostburg family .
Via his mother's sister, Katharina von Schrofenstein, Johann II von Trautson was related by marriage to her husband Georg von Frundsberg (1473–1528), the "father of the mercenaries", who is considered one of the most important infantry tacticians of his time.
Through his maternal grandmother Praxedis Baroness von Wolkenstein Johann II was. Of Trautson descendant of a no less famous man, namely the adventurer, singer, poet and politician Oswald von Wolkenstein of as the last (about 1377-2. August 1445), Minstrel is considered .
Life
Johann II von Trautson inherited the castles Reifeneck and Sprechenstein (in the municipality of Freienfeld in the southeast of the Sterzing basin in South Tyrol ) from his father . He became land marshal in 1513 and in 1522 colonel-hereditary marshal of the prince county of Tyrol and royal council. He played an important political role under Emperor Maximilian I , who set up a modern regional administration in Tyrol, and often stayed in Innsbruck, which he was able to successfully continue under the subsequent sovereigns - especially under Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria .
In Trautson's youth there was a change in the internal division of the domains of the House of Austria , since in 1490 Archduke Siegmund "the rich in coins" of Austria renounced his rule in Upper Austria (that is, the then Tyrol and the Habsburg foothills), which resulted in this the main line of the House of Habsburg fell. Tyrol, which had previously been under the rule of a branch line of the Habsburgs, temporarily became the center of the Habsburg hereditary lands, as Innsbruck became the residence of the Roman-German king and later Emperor Maximilian I.
For the Tyrolean nobility and thus also for Johann II von Trautson - who until now as ducal council was primarily concerned with regional issues - this opened up the opportunity to act as councilors to the new sovereign also in matters of the Holy Roman Empire - and thus the "international Politics ”- gaining insight and influence.
He acquired the Schrofenstein rule through his marriage to the heiress of the noble family of the Lords of Schrofenstein (today castle ruins in the municipality of Stanz near Landeck in the Tyrolean Oberland ) and was one of the most respected members of the Tyrolean aristocracy due to his possessions and offices. However , because of its strategic location - it dominated the way to the Brenner Pass and thus to Italy - he had to pass the Matrei Castle (today a ruin in the area of the municipality of Mühlbachl in the Wipptal in Tyrol), which had been in his family's possession since 1369 , to Emperor Maximilian I. sell it, but did not hand it over until 1514. However, he kept the neighboring Raspenbühel Castle (today also a ruin in the municipality of Mühlbachl) and the Sprechenstein fortress and the office of Land Marshal associated with this castle .
In 1516, Trautson was appointed captain of the "Quarter on the Eisack " by Emperor Maximilian I , but lived preferably in Bidenegg Castle (municipality of Fließ , Landeck district ), the castle of his wife's family, who had spent her youth there.
In 1523 Trautson took part in the expansion of the parish church of Fliess and gave it the baptismal font decorated with his coat of arms. He also took on the crypt chapel of the von Trautson family in the church of Wilten Abbey and had an altar built there in the style of the then emerging Renaissance. He settled there in the founder picture with his wife, his son Johann III. of Trautson and his six daughters. After his death, his high tomb was built in front of this altar, but it no longer exists. Only in a very general plate in the chapel is the “cinera et ossa” (“the ashes and bones”) of the Lords of Trautson zu Matrei commemorated.
Johann II. Succeeded his father, who had fallen as a general in the service of Emperor Maximilian I, in his function as royal councilor and general, experienced the expansion of the state of Tyrol at a young age through the acquisition of the previously Bavarian offices of Kitzbühel , Kufstein and Rattenberg by Emperor Maximilian I.
After his death, Emperor Karl V followed as sovereign of Tyrol from 1519 to 1521, who, like his brother Archduke Ferdinand I of Austria, who followed as sovereign from 1521 to 1564, showed considerably less interest in Tyrol than his grandfather Maximilian I.
In 1525, Tyrol got caught up in the German peasant wars . The uprising in Tyrol was led by Michael Gaismair . On this occasion, the Tyrolean estates demanded that the state administration be transferred to Tyroleans, in which Trautson was an active member of the Association of Tyrolean Nobles. However, this peasant revolt was put down after only two months. There are no reports of any active involvement of Trautson in related military actions.
The Reformation spread at that time in Tyrol from where many " Baptist ", followers of a radikalreformatorisch - Christian movement that occurred, one of which from the Puster originating Jakob Hutter (around 1500-1536) to 1526, the movement of the Hutterites founded. In view of the growth of the movement in Tyrol, King Ferdinand I declared that such “seductive doctrines and heretical sects” would by no means be tolerated and ordered their persecution. Soon afterwards he called the Jesuits under the leadership of Petrus Canisius into the country to carry out the Counter Reformation and had a Catholic Latin school built. Hutter was finally sentenced to death by fire and died on February 25, 1536 at the stake in Innsbruck in front of the Golden Roof . His wife was initially able to flee, but was later caught and executed in 1538 at Schöneck Castle . According to the Hutterite Chronicle, a total of 360 Anabaptists were executed in Tyrol alone. He gives no evidence that Trautson was personally involved in these persecutions.
However, Trautson obviously proved himself as a royal councilor, since he was enfeoffed in 1531 by King Ferdinand I with the office of Colonel- Hereditary Marshal of the Prince Count of Tyrol . However, he was hardly able to exercise this high office because he died soon afterwards on February 15, 1531 in Innsbruck. He was buried in the family chapel in Wilten Abbey (in the south of Innsbruck), which he had embellished.
Marriage and offspring
Johann II von Trautson married Maria von Sigwein, the heir to the knight Johann von Sigwein at Schloss Bidenegg in the Tyrolean community of Fließ, and Sophia von Rindsmaul a. d. H. Kronberg.
- children
- Johann III. von Trautson , Freiherr zu Sprechenstein (* around 1507 in Tyrol; † December 29, 1589 in Prague ), ⚭ 1531 Brigitta Maria Susanna Freiin von Madruzzo († April 27, 1576 in Vienna), daughter of Baron Giangaudenzo (Johann Gaudenz) von Madruzzo , Lord of Castel Madruzzo, Nanno, Castel Toblino etc. and the Eufemia Freiin von Sparrenberg, on Pradell and Villanders .
- Eleonora von Trautson († August 22, 1566 in Vienna, buried in the Michaelerkirche ), Chief Chamberlain of the Archduchess Eleonore of Austria (1534–1594) - a daughter of King Ferdinand I, who from 1561 as the wife of Guglielmo Gonzaga (1538–1587 ) Was Duchess of Mantua .
- ⚭ 1.) 1526 Franz von Breisach on Katzenzungen († 1534), knight
- ⚭ 2.) 1535 Georg d. J. von Herberstein , Freiherrn zu Neuberg and Gutenhag, pledge holder of the lordship of Falkenstein and Freienstein († September 16, 1560)
- Barbara von Trautson ⚭ Johann von Werneck
- Katharina von Trautson ⚭ Franz Freiherr von Gradenegg († 1575)
- Anna von Trautson († 1559, buried in the cathedral church in Laibach );
- ⚭ 1. William of Villanders († 1547)
- ⚭ 2. Johann von Egkh and Hungersbach († May 22, 1579 in Laibach)
Two daughters died young and unmarried.
Individual evidence
- ^ Franz Hadriga: "Die Trautson, Paladine Habsburgs" Verlag Styria, Graz Vienna Cologne 1996, p. 41, ISBN 3-222-12337-3
- ↑ J. Siebmacher's large book of arms, Volume 26; The coats of arms of the nobility in Lower Austria Part 2, S - Z, reprint edition of the arrangement by Johann Baptist Witting (Nuremberg 1918), Verlag Bauer und Raspe, owner Gerhard Geßner, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1983
- ^ Franz Hadriga: op. Cit. P. 48
- ^ Franz Hadriga: op. Cit. P. 40
literature
- Franz Hadriga: The Trautson. Paladins of Habsburgs . Styria, Graz Vienna Cologne, 1996, ISBN 3-222-12337-3
- J. Siebmacher's large book of arms, volume 26; "The coats of arms of the nobility in Lower Austria" Part 2, S - Z, reprint edition of the arrangement by Johann Baptist Witting (Nuremberg 1918), Verlag Bauer und Raspe, owner Gerhard Gessner, Neustadt an der Aisch, 1983, ISBN 3-87947-036- 7th
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Trautson, Johann II. Von |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Trautson zu Sprechenstein, Johann II. Von |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Austrian statesman |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 15th century or 16th century |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 15, 1531 |