Étienne Dolet

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Étienne Dolet

Étienne Dolet (born August 3, 1509 in Orléans , † August 3, 1546 in Paris ) was a French printer, publisher, author, translator, humanist , Latinist and Romanist .

life and work

In 1521 he went to Paris from his hometown Orléans. There he studied a. a. with Nicolas Bérauld (approx. 1470 – approx. 1555), the teacher of Gaspard II. de Coligny . In 1526 he traveled from Paris to Padua . His teachers in the north-eastern Italian city were the humanist and classical philologist Marco Musuro and the docteur en théologie Simon de Villanova .

He was on friendly terms with the latter. After his early death in 1530, he became secretary of the Bishop of Limoges Jean de Langeac († 1541), who was ambassador to the Republic of Venice . Dolet then lived in Venice for a long time . Here he heard lectures by Giovanni Battista Egnazio (1478–1553).

As of 1532, he moved to Toulouse , where he jurisprudence studied. In his capacity as spokesman for the French-speaking students, he gave two incendiary speeches against the “barbaric” city of Toulouse, had to flee and, from August 31, 1534, settled in the city of Lyon , which was more tolerant for him .

As Dolet the painter Guillaume Compaing in the dispute or on Saturday, January 1, 1536 self-defense killing, he was first taken into custody, but on the action of Francis I set free again.

In 1538 he married the née Louise Giraud, with whom he had a son, Claude Dolet.

In Lyon he published his own works, first with Sebastian Gryphius , then in his own publishing house. From Gryphius he also learned the printing trade . The initial support from the king obtained him a printing permit for ten years in 1538, which he successfully used. He printed works by Clément Marot , Rabelais and other authors, as well as numerous works from ancient Greece and Rome and from medicine. Ironically, the religious literature he published led to his conviction by the Inquisition in July 1542 . He escaped the death penalty only through a royal pardon from Francis I.

He was released in Paris on October 13, 1543, but did not change anything in his advocacy of "freedom of thought" and a worldview independent of the teachings of the Church, which was provocative for certain social circles.

He escaped being arrested again on January 6, 1544 by escaping. In exile he wrote the work Le Second Enfer (The Second Hell) in his defense . On his return to France he became careless again on September 7, 1544 imprisoned and after almost two years of captivity - in the meantime he lost the royal support - on his 37th birthday on the Pariser Platz Maubert strangled and burned .

De re navali , Lyon , 1537

Contemporary reviews

The important biography of the Englishman Richard Copley Christie , which was also published in French in 1886, led in the climate of the Third French Republic to a rehabilitation of Dolet as a pioneer of the enlightened laity and free thought. In 1889 a bronze statue was erected for him on the Maubert Place , Place Maubert , but it was melted down in 1942 and never erected again.

The “Association laïque lyonnaise des Amis d'Étienne Dolet” (around Marcel Picquier) pays special attention to his memory and also publishes a bulletin . The "Institut Etienne Dolet" is a training institute for translators in Lausanne .

Streets in many French cities are named Dolets.

Works

Modern editions

  • Les orationes duae in Tholosam d'Etienne Dolet 1534, ed. by Kenneth Lloyd-Jones and Marc Van Der Poel, Geneva 1992 (Latin and French)
  • L'Erasmianus sive "Ciceronianus" [1535], ed. by Émile V. Telle, Geneva 1974
  • Carmina (1538), ed. by Catherine Langlois-Pézeret, Geneva 2009 (Latin-French)
  • La Manière de bien traduire d'une langue en aultre. De la punctuation de la langue francoyse. Des accents d'ycelle , [Lyon 1540], Paris 1990 (La Manière, Geneva 1972)
  • De Officio legati. De immunitate legatorum. De legationibus Ioannis Langiachi Episcopi Lemovicensis [Lyon 1541], ed. by David Amherdt, Geneva 2010
  • Le Second Enfer , ed. by Claude Longeon, Geneva 1978
  • Préfaces françaises , ed. by Claude Longeon, Geneva 1979

Other works

  • Commentariorum linguae Latinae tomi duo , Lyon 1536–1538
  • Formulations latinarum locutionum illustriorum . Stephano Doleto Gallo authors. Prima pars constatas ex nomine, & verbo locutiones habet. Secunda significationem, & constructionem verborum profert. Tertia usum particularum indeclinabilium demonstrat, Lyon 1539; Phrases et formulas linguae latinae elegantiores . Stephano Doleto authors. Cum praefatione Joan. Sturmii. Quibus adiecimus connubium adverbiorum Ciceronianorum Huberti Sussanaei / Nunc denuo recognitae, Strasbourg 1576

literature

(in descending order of issues up to 1900)

  • Jacques Alary, Estienne Dolet et ses luttes avec la Sorbonne. L'imprimerie au XVie siècle , Paris 1898, Geneva 1970, 2013
  • Michèle Clément (Ed.): Étienne Dolet 1509–2009 Geneva 2012
  • Marcel Picquier, Étienne Dolet, 1509–1546. Imprimeur humaniste mort sur le bûcher, martyr de la libre pensée , Lyon 2009
  • Jean-François Lecompte, L'affaire Dolet. Étienne Dolet, imprimeur, éditeur, libraire, martyr de la liberté de pensée au XVIe siè cle, Paris 2009
  • Nathalie Dauvois: L'Humanisme à Toulouse (1480–1596). Actes du colloque international de Toulouse, May 2004, réunis par Nathalie Dauvois (= Colloques, congres et conférences sur la Renaissance européenne; Vol. 54), Editions Honoré Champion, Paris 2006, ISBN 978-2-7453-1396-6
  • Claude Bocquet, Etienne Dolet. Traducteur réinterprété , Lausanne 2001
  • Rodrigo López Carrillo, Esperanza Martínez Dengra and Pedro San Ginés Aguilar, Étienne Dolet y los cinco principios de la traducción , Granada 1998
  • Études sur Étienne Dolet. Le théâtre au XVIe siècle. Le Forez, le Lyonnais et l'histoire du livre , publiées à la mémoire de Claude Longeon, ed. by Gabriel-André Pérouse, Geneva 1993
  • Guillaume Colletet, Vie d'Étienne Dolet , ed. by Michel Magnien, Geneva 1992
  • Valerie Worth, Practicing translation in Renaissance France. The example of Etienne Dolet , Oxford 1988
  • Étienne Dolet 1509–1546. Actes du colloque de Paris, 14 March 1985 , ed. from Center VL Saulnier, Paris 1986
  • Étienne Dolet, Correspondance. Répertoire analytique et chronologique suivi du texte de ses lettres latines , ed. by Claude Longeon, Geneva 1982
  • Claude Longeon , Bibliography des oeuvres d'Étienne Dolet, écrivain, éditeur, imprimeur , Geneva 1980
  • Documents d'archives sur Étienne Dolet , ed. by Claude Longeon, Saint-Etienne 1977
  • Jean-Baptiste-François Née de La Rochelle, Vie d'Étienne Dolet, imprimeur à Lyon dans le seizième siècle . Avec une Notice des libraires et imprimeurs auteurs que l'on a pu découvrir jusqu'à ce jour [Paris 1779], Geneva 1970
  • Joseph Boulmier, Estienne Dolet. Sa vie, ses oeuvres, son martyre. Etudes sur le seizième siècle [Paris 1857], Geneva 1969
  • Richard Copley Christie, Étienne Dolet. The martyr of the Renaissance. A biography , London 1880, 1899, Nieuwkoop 1964 (French: Étienne Dolet. Le martyr de la renaissance. Sa vie et sa mort , translated by Casimir Stryienski, Paris 1886, Geneva 1969)
  • Edmond Cary, Les grands traducteurs français , Geneva 1963
  • G. Åman-Nilson, Étienne Dolet. Humanists. Renässansboktryckaren. Martyren , Stockholm 1936
  • Marc Chassaigne, Étienne Dolet. Portraits et documents inédits , Paris 1930
  • Louis Martin, Etienne Dolet. Drame en 5 actes en vers , Philippeville 1923
  • John Charles Dawson, Toulouse in the Renaissance. The Floral Games. University and student life. Etienne Dolet (1532–1534), New York 1923
  • Octave Galtier, Étienne Dolet. Vie, oeuvre, caractère, croyances , Paris 1907
  • Richard Copley Christie, Étienne Dolet, the martyr of the renaissance 1508–1546: a biography London: Macmillan; New York: Macmillan (1899)

Web links

Commons : Étienne Dolet  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Marcel Picquier: Étienne Dolet, 1509–1546, imprimeur humaniste mort sur le bûcher, nouvelle édition revue et augmentée. Association laïque lyonnaise des Amis d'Étienne Dolet, Lyon 2009.
  2. ↑ Alexander Chalmers (Ed.): The General Biographical Dictionary. London 1813, p. 205
  3. ↑ Patrik Mähling: orientation for life: religious education and politics in the late Middle Ages, Reformation and modern times; Festschrift for Manfred Schulze on his 65th birthday. LIT Verlag, Münster 2010, ISBN 3-6431-0092-2 , p. 152 f.
  4. ↑ also known as Giovanni Battista Cipelli
  5. ↑ Brief biography in French of Pierre Bertrand, extraits, in “Vie et œuvres d'Étienne Dolet” 2002, online
  6. ↑ Patrik Mähling: orientation for life: religious education and politics in the late Middle Ages, Reformation and modern times; Festschrift for Manfred Schulze on his 65th birthday. LIT Verlag, Münster 2010, ISBN 3-6431-0092-2 , p. 152 f.
  7. ↑ Etienne Dolet (1509–1546): l'encre et le feu. EXPOSITION on November 12th, 2009 on January 2nd, 2010, exhibition in the Bibliothèque municipale de Lyon
personal data
SURNAME Dolet, Etienne
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Doletus, Etienne; Dolet, Estienne; Doletus, Stephanus
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French printer, publisher, author, translator, humanist, Latinist and Romanist
DATE OF BIRTH August 3, 1509
PLACE OF BIRTH Orleans
DATE OF DEATH August 3, 1546
Place of death Paris