Renty
| Renty | ||
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| region | Hauts-de-France | |
| Department | Pas-de-Calais | |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Omer | |
| Canton | Fruges | |
| Community association | Pays de Saint-Omer | |
| Coordinates | 50 ° 35 ' N , 2 ° 4' E | |
| height | 77-186 m | |
| surface | 15.67 km 2 | |
| Residents | 624 (January 1, 2017) | |
| Population density | 40 inhabitants / km 2 | |
| Post Code | 62560 | |
| INSEE code | 62704 | |
Renty ( . NDL : Renteke ) is a French municipality with 624 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the Pas-de-Calais in the region of Hauts-de-France ; it belongs to the Arrondissement of Saint-Omer and the Canton of Fruges . Renty is on the western border of the historic Artois landscape .
history
Origins
Renty was the site of a wooden hilltop castle, remnants of the medieval moth can still be seen in the village center. The property is first mentioned in the 11th century as praedium Rentica . In the 12th century there are mentions of the names Renthi and Renthy . The name could suggest an owner of the property called Rentius, perhaps from Gallo-Roman times.
A paved Roman road , which was still visible until a few decades ago, ran through the valley below Renty and was part of the Roman trunk road network and a connection between the long-distance traffic route from Cologne (" Via Belgica ") running 7 km north of Renty and today's " Via Agrippa" “ Called the military road from Ambiani ( Amiens ) to Bononia ( Boulogne-sur-Mer ), where the headquarters of the Roman canal fleet was located.
Bertulf from Renty
At the time of King Dagobert II in the 7th century, the local saint Bertulf († around 705) from Hungary immigrated to Flanders and became the administrator of Count Wambert, the owner of the castle. Bertulf converted to Christianity under the influence of Bishop Audomar , was ordained a priest and proselytized among the population. He is said to have made a pilgrimage to Rome with Wambert and his wife and was adopted by Wambert. On Bertulf's initiative, Wambert set up various private churches . After the death of his patron, Bertulf founded an abbey in Renty and became its first abbot. The patronage of the monastery was given to Saint Angadrisma (615-695), who may have come from Renty or from the then episcopal town of Thérouanne ( Colonia Morinorum ), about 10 km away , also a student of Bishop Audomars and perhaps a relative of Wambert. She herself founded a convent in Beauvais and, like Bertulf later, was venerated as a saint after her death .
Castle building and change of ownership
Arnold I von Renty replaced the motte with a stone castle and built chapels in honor of St. Bertulf and St. Dennis . His donation of 120 acres of land to the monastery, which has since been downgraded to a priory , was made in 1177 by Pope Alexander III. approved.
In the middle of the 14th century, Renty became the property of Wilhelm von Croy , who married Isabella, the heir, in 1354. Renty then belonged as a Burgundian fief to the House of Croy and House of Egmond . Emperor Charles V raised Renty to Spanish margraviate ( Marquesado de Rentín ) in 1532 when Philip von Croy was enfeoffed . Through the marriage of the heiress Anna von Croy († 1608), who was Margravine von Renty from 1581 to 1590, with Emanuel de Lalaing (1557–1590), the fiefdom fell to the Marquis of Montigny , who owned the castle until it was destroyed.
Since the conquest in 1638 and finally with the Peace of Pyrenees of 1659, which ended the Franco-Spanish War , the village has belonged to France along with the entire Artois.
Battle of Renty
During the fifth Habsburg-French War in August 1554, a series of very bloody skirmishes took place in the Renty area between the retreating French army under King Henry II (commanded by General Coligny , Marshal Tavannes and the Duke of Guise ) and the numerical one superior Imperial Spanish Army under Charles V (commanded by Philibert of Savoy ). It went down in history as the Battle of Renty and was claimed as a victory by both sides. The French tried to avoid a head-on meeting with the pursuers. On August 8th they were pushed back to Bois-Guillaume by the imperial cavalry . There Tavannes succeeded in regrouping the scattered French infantry, while Coligny was able to push the imperial ones out of the forest and into the open field into the arms of the Duke of Guise. Heavy fog and the confusing terrain helped the skillful teamwork of the French commanders to succeed. In order to escape renewed distress, the French then moved in front of Renty to hide there and to bring them to safety from the main power of the enemy. The well-fortified castle in the small village of Renty had been in the hands of Spanish troops since June. Around noon on August 13, 1554, the French artillery bombarded the place and began a two-day siege during which the French severely damaged the castle and tried to occupy Renty. The imperial army advanced concentrated on the village for relief . As a result, the French army was expelled from Flanders and Artois after inflicting heavy losses on Charles V's troops. The Battle of Renty was the last military operation personally led by Emperor Karl before his abdication and retreat to the monastery of Yuste in Spain. For the first time in the history of artillery, Protzen were used on the imperial side during the battles, allowing field guns to be transported more easily and quickly on four instead of two wheels and making a significant contribution to the mobility of the guns.
Inside the town's church, a plaque commemorates the Battle of Renty and the award of Marshal Gaspard de Tavannes on the battlefield by King Henry II with the French Order of Michael .
Destruction and Church Planting
During the Thirty Years' War the fortifications were restored in 1630, but only remained intact for a few years. From July 31, 1638 Renty was besieged by the troops of the French Marshal Châtillon . On August 2nd and 3rd, the besiegers managed to open a breach in the defenses. On August 9, 1638, those trapped surrendered. By order of Richelieu , the complex was completely destroyed because he feared that it could become the base of an aristocratic frond .
Not long before the French Revolution , the village received parish status. In 1822 Renty, together with the hamlet of Assonval, which was incorporated in the same year, had a little over 850 inhabitants, almost twice as many as in 1960.
Population development
- 1962: 443
- 1968: 484
- 1975: 429
- 1982: 448
- 1990: 463
- 1999: 439
- 2006: 514
Personalities
- Bertulf (French: Bertulphe, Bertoul) von Renty, saint, founder of Renty Abbey
- The Lords and Marquis de Renty of the House of Croy
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Jozef van Overstraeten: De Nederlanden in Frankrijk. Buttoned encyclopedie. Vlaamse Toeristenbond, Antwerp 1969.
- ↑ Work on the Via Belgica is in full swing. In: Aachener Zeitung , June 11, 2013, accessed on June 12, 2017.
- ^ Saint Angadrisma of Beauvais in the American online lexicon CatholicSaintsInfo , accessed on June 16, 2017.
- ↑ Christoph Gottlob Heinrich speaks with reference to Jacques-Auguste de Thou of 2000 men on August 13th ( History of France , Volume 2, 1st Department, Hamburg 1807, p. 139).
- ↑ On the battle as a whole: Miguel Ángel Aramburu-Zabala Higuera: Estudio crítico. Juan de Herrera. Fundación Ignacio Larramendi, Madrid 2013, p. 7.
- ↑ Peter Voss: On the history of the artillery. Excerpt from ders .: Forgotten fireworks published online . 4V Verlag, Hamburg undated (2015).