Thérouanne

This article deals with the French commune of Thérouanne; for the river of the same name in France see Thérouanne (river) .

Thérouanne
region	Hauts-de-France
Department	Pas-de-Calais
Arrondissement	Saint-Omer
Canton	Fruges
Community association	Pays de Saint-Omer
Coordinates	50 ° 38 ′  N , 2 ° 16 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 38 ′  N , 2 ° 16 ′  E
height	31–116 m
surface	8.37 km 2
Residents	1,115 (January 1, 2017)
Population density	133 inhabitants / km 2
Post Code	62129
INSEE code	62811

Thérouanne: Rue de Saint-Omer, 2006

Thérouanne ( Dutch Terwaan outdated, even Teren Castle ) is a French municipality with 1115 inhabitants (at January 1, 2017) in the department of Pas-de-Calais in the region of Hauts-de-France . It belongs to the Arrondissement of Saint-Omer and the Canton of Fruges .

history

At the time of the Gauls , Thérouanne ( Latin Tarvenna ) was the capital of the Belgian Morin tribe . After the conquest of Gaul, it received a Roman population and became the capital of the region. In the 7th century, perhaps around 639, Acarius founded the Diocese of Terwaan here. Audomar (600–670) was bishop here .

The city was sacked by the Normans twice, in 880 and 882 .

The ecclesiastical control that Thérouanne exercised over the entire area west of the Scheldt, including the richest cities north of the Alps such as Ghent and Arras , enabled the bishop to build a cathedral that was the largest in France at the time.

Politically, Thérouanne belonged to the County of Flanders until 1180 , then to the County of Artois , which, initially ruled by a branch of the Capetians , was again linked to the County of Flanders in the 14th century, after its takeover by the House of Burgundy with the first Burgundian and then Spanish Netherlands , until the Peace of the Pyrenees of 1640. In Artois, the Thernais, consisting of the city of Thérouanne and its surrounding area, had a certain independence.

Due to its location, the city always had an important strategic position, especially during the Italian Wars (1494–1559). After a final siege, the city, which had been held by France for some time, was destroyed in the summer of 1553 on the orders of Emperor Charles V in retaliation for a defeat at Metz : the walls were razed, the streets torn and plowed up, the soil made sterile with salt. The population left the city, only the residents of a small district outside the city walls, located across the river Lys and therefore called Saint-Martin-outre-eaux ("... beyond the water"), stayed and probably took over the old one around 1800 Name Thérouanne. Parts of the portal of the cathedral and the colossal statue of the Grand Dieu de Thérouanne were moved to the cathedral of Saint-Omer .

The disappearance of the city led to a general reform of the episcopal see at the Council of Trent . The diocese of Thérouanne was dissolved in 1557 and distributed to the dioceses of Boulogne (in France) and Saint-Omer and Ypres (in the Spanish Netherlands ).

The site of the old cathedral has been the site of archaeological excavations since the end of the 19th century . In addition, investigations have recently begun in the former canons' quarter. The main finds are exhibited in the small communal museum, but the most important remains of the city remain in Saint-Omer.

The original diocese of Thérouanne was re-established as the titular diocese of Thérouanne in 2009 and was given to a titular bishop for the first time in 2019.

See also

• List of the bishops of Thérouanne

literature

• Hans Zeiss : Tarvanna . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume IV A, 2, Stuttgart 1932, Col. 2451 f.

Web links

Commons : Thérouanne  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Teruana in the Topographia Circuli Burgundici (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

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