Monteriggioni

Monteriggioni
Country	Italy
region	Tuscany
province	Siena  (SI)
Coordinates	43 ° 23 '  N , 11 ° 13'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 23 '24 "  N , 11 ° 13' 26"  E
height	200  m slm
surface	99.5 km²
Residents	10,047 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density	101 inhabitants / km²
Post Code	53035
prefix	0577
ISTAT number	052016
Popular name	Monteriggionesi
Patron saint	Natività della Beata Vergine Maria (September 8th)
Website	Monteriggioni
View of Monteriggioni

Monteriggioni is an Italian commune with 10,047 inhabitants in Tuscany in the province of Siena .

geography

Location of Monteriggioni in the province of Siena

The city walls of Monteriggioni (inside near Porta Franca)

The place is located on the Monte Ala mountain in the Montagnola Senese mountain range on the Via Francigena . The municipal administration is located in the Colonna di Monteriggioni district, just below the historic town center. The municipality is in the climatic classification of Italian municipalities in zone D, 1 687 GG. It is crossed by the Staggia River (spends 11 of 35 kilometers in the municipality). Another important river in the municipality is the Elsa , which spends 3 km (out of a total of 81 km) here. The mountain Montemaggio (671 meters in altitude, also written Monte Maggio) is also located in the municipality.

Districts ( fractions ) of Monteriggioni are Badia a Isola (also Abbadia a Isola ), Badesse (226 m, approx. 450 inhabitants), Basciano (328 m, approx. 50 inhabitants), Belverde (358 m, approx. 1250 inhabitants), Castellina Scalo (192 m, approx. 1800 inhabitants), Colonna di Monteriggioni (town hall, 200 m, approx. 40 inhabitants), Lornano (300 m, approx. 90 inhabitants), Quercegrossa , San Martino (353 m, approx. 400 inhabitants ), Santa Colomba (338 m, approx. 30 inhabitants), Strove (262 m, approx. 80 inhabitants), Tognazza (340 m, approx. 320 inhabitants) and Uopini (352 m, approx. 500 inhabitants).

Other locations (località) or hamlets are Acquaviva (246 m, approx. 40 inhabitants), Bracciano (348 m, approx. 15 inhabitants), Carpineta (392 m, approx. 80 inhabitants), Colombaio (339 m, approx. 100 Inhabitants), Fontebecci , La Ripa (367 m, approx. 70 inhabitants), Nagli , Poggiolo (346 m, approx. 300 inhabitants), Riciano , Scorgiano (belongs to Monteriggioni to the north and Casole d'Elsa to the south) and Sensano (264 m m, approx. 20 inhabitants).

Adjacent communities are Casole d'Elsa , Castellina in Chianti , Castelnuovo Berardenga , Colle di Val d'Elsa , Poggibonsi , Siena and Sovicille .

history

Monteriggioni was built by the Republic of Siena by the Podestà Guelfo da Porcari between 1213 and 1219 as a defensive base in order to be able to observe the region around the Elsa Valley and the fortress Staggia Senese , i.e. the border with the Republic of Florence . The establishment of a fortification was a novelty for Siena, so far only existing fortresses or castles have been expanded. The name probably comes from the name Montis Regis (Königsberg) or Mons Regionis ( highest mountain in the region). From 1232, Florence asked Siena to give up the fortification again. First acts of war between Siena and Florence occurred in 1244 and 1254 and were briefly interrupted after the Battle of Montaperti in 1260, when Siena was able to defeat Florence. The same conflicting parties met nine years later in the Battle of Colle near Colle di Val d'Elsa . The escaping Senese troops found shelter in the fortress. The following siege by the armed forces from Florence could be withstood.

In 1380 the residents of Monteriggioni received the same rights as the residents of Siena from the government in Siena through the Statuti del comune et uomini di Monteriggioni and could therefore call themselves residents of Siena . In the 15th century, the city walls were reinforced to protect against artillery . In 1526 the fortress withstood a siege by the Florentines , who attacked the fortress with artillery. The siege ended on July 25th with the Battle of Camollia (also Battaglia di Camollia or Battaglia di Camullia ) shortly before the northern and eponymous city ​​gate of Siena.

On April 27, 1554 Monteriggioni was captured by the troops of Gian Giacomo Medici through the betrayal of Capitano Bernardino Zeti . Zeti had the city gate opened by a messenger, so that the troops from Florence could enter and take possession of the place. By taking the place, Monteriggioni came into the possession of the Medici , who then sold the fortress to the Golia family from Siena. After that, the castle's owners changed several times, including the Batta, Visconti , Fabbroni and Daddi families . In 1704 the Accarigi family came into possession of the fortress, but sold it to the Griccioli family in 1720. In 1777 the place became an independent municipality.

Monteriggioni has experienced a steady increase in population since 1861. While around 3,550 people lived in the village in 1861, the number has more than doubled by 2011 (around 9100), with the number of residents in the historic center tending to decline and those in the newer districts such as Castellina Scalo (created in 1849 by the construction of the train station) or the districts adjacent to Siena such as Belverde, San Martino, Tognazza or Uopini.

On March 28, 1944, the massacre of Montemaggio (Eccidio di Montemaggio, also called Battaglia di Montemaggio , also partly written Monte Maggio ) took place. 19 partisans were killed. They had quartered themselves in the farmhouse Casa Giubileo with the aim of sabotaging the Empoli – Siena railway line and the Via Cassia. The day before they captured an official of the Italian campaign and a German negotiator who wanted to exchange prisoners. On the morning of March 28th, the Casa Giubileo was besieged by the German troops. After the partisans ran out of ammunition, the house was captured and the partisans executed.

Attractions

The Porta Franca

Monteriggioni is located on the Monte Ala mountain and is surrounded by a medieval, still preserved city wall about 2 meters wide and 570 m long with battlements and 14 towers, eleven of which are still largely undamaged. These take up an area of ​​6x4 meters each and rose 15 meters above the city walls. The fifteenth tower was in the center of the fortification (today's Via Matteotti 2), but can only be seen today as a tower stump. The diameter of the circular city wall is 172 meters. The place has two city gates; the main gate Porta Franca (also called Porta Romea ) facing Siena and the Porta di sotto ( Lower Gate , also called Porta San Giovanni ) facing Florence .

Churches and monasteries

The Church of Santa Maria Assunta in Piazza Roma

Santa Maria Assunta in Poggiolo near Badesse

Santi Pietro e Paolo, church in the district of Santa Colomba

Santi Erasmo e Marcellino, church in the Uopini district

• Santa Maria Assunta , the only church in the historic center and main church ( parochial church ) of the municipality, belongs to the Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino and is located on the main square, Piazza Roma, near the Porta Franca. Was built from 1219 to 1235. The campanile dates back to the 18th century and was built using the materials of the old church of San Giovanni Evangelista a Stecchi (was also inside the city walls, now a shop).
• San Rocco , chapel in the Badesse district. Originated in 1761 on the initiative of the nuns of the Trafissenkloster in the center of Siena (Via delle Sperandie). Was restored in 2009.
• San Bernardino da Siena , church in Badesse. Emerged in the 1960s and was renovated on 13 May 2009 as a new building dedicated .
• Santa Maria Assunta , church in the Località Poggiolo near Badesse. Originated in 1375 from the Oratorio di Sant'Andrea. The campanile collapsed in 1879. The church was the parochial church until 1985 and then lost the title to the newly built church in Badesse (San Bernardino da Siena).
• Abbazia dei Santi Salvatore e Cirino , monastery founded in 1001 in the district of Badia a Isola .
• Chiesa della Compagnia del Corpus Domini , church in Badia a Isola from the 16th century, on the left side of the abbey of Salvatore e Cirino.
• Madonna della Neve , chapel (Oratorio) just outside Badia a Isola.
• San Giovanni Evangelista , church in the Basciano district. Originated in the 13th century.
• Cristo Re e Maria Nascente , church in Castellina Scalo, was built between 1931 and 1933.
• San Michele Arcangelo , church in the Località Fungaia, which was built in the 12th century and initially belonged to the Pieve di Marmoraia (Santi Maria e Gervasio a Marmoraia, today belongs to Casole d'Elsa).
• San Giovanni Battista , church in the district of Lornano. Made in the 11th / 12th Century and was badly damaged in the war between Siena and Florence in 1554. Was restored in 1576, enlarged and rebuilt from 1715 to 1734.
• Santa Maria Maddalena a Santonovo , church in Montarioso (12th century).
• San Biagio , church ruins near Montauto.
• San Michele , medieval church in the Località Nagli near the municipal boundary of Casole d'Elsa on Monte Maggio (Montagnola Senese).
• Pieve di Santa Maria a Castello , Pieve in Pieve a Castello, which was documented as early as 971 by the Bishop of Volterra .
• San Bartolomeo , church in Riciano, built in 1380. The church was a parochial church , but the parish was dissolved in 1996.
• San Lorenzo a Colle Ciupi , church from the 12th century at the Località Riciano at the foot of Montemaggio (also Monte Maggio ). First mentioned in writing in 1178. Contains works from the school of Duccio di Buoninsegna from the first half of the 14th century (frescoes Madonna in trono con Bambini e Santi ).
• Eremo di San Leonardo al Lago in the district of Santa Colomba. The Hermitage with a church from the 12th century was mentioned as early as 1119 and was rebuilt two centuries later. Was recognized as an official church by Ranierio II (Ranieri), Archbishop of Siena , in 1168 . Contains the fresco Storie della vita della Vergine, angeli e santi (1370) by Lippo Vanni .
• Santi Pietro e Paolo , church in the district of Santa Colomba. First mentioned in 1105, it was built over the existing Giacomo e Colomba church, which was destroyed in 1093. The church was badly damaged by the troops of John Hawkwood in 1364 and rebuilt afterwards. Was restored in 1687 and 1906, the frescoes being rediscovered during the last restoration.
• Cappella Bichi Borghesi , chapel in Scorgiano that was built in the 18th century. Contains frescoes by Giuseppe Nicola Nasini .
• San Martino , church in the Strove district. Originated in the 12th century (mentioned in 1137 by the Ranieri from Staggia and in 1189 by Pope Clement III )
• San Dalmazio , church in the Tognazza district (Località San Dalmazio), which was built in 1655.
• Monastery of San Michele a Quarto (Badia a Quarto), former monastery in the district of Tognazza.
• Santi Erasmo e Marcellino , church in the Uopini district. The church on Via Francigena was built around the 11th / 12th centuries. Century and was restored several times (1680, 1803-1818, 1861 and 1947).

The Ponte Ottarchi railway bridge over the Staggia river

Castello Castiglionalto or Castiglion Ghinibaldi

Other sights in the districts

• Ponte Ottarchi , railway bridge on the Siena-Empoli line over the Staggia river between Badesse and Basciano
• Villa Parisini , villa near Basciano from the 18th century
• Necropoli del Casone , Etruscan necropolis near Casone, discovered by Umberto Benvoglienti in 1697.
• Castiglionalto (also Castiglion Ghinibaldi ), fortifications (236 m) from the 12th century near Castellina Scalo. Lord of the castle was Ghinibaldo Saracini in the 13th century, whose wife Sapìa Salvani (Sapia dei Salvani) and her role in the Battle of Colle (1269) is mentioned by Dante in the Divine Comedy (Dante, Purgatorio, 13th Canto, 109 ff., with plug-in foot, original).
• Castello della Chiocciola , also called Castello de La Chiocciola , a castle built in the 16th century near the border with Sovicille (Località Riciano). The name comes from the Italian term for spiral staircase (Scala a chiocciola), which is located inside the Castello. The castle was owned by the Piccolomini from Siena for several centuries , later it belonged to the Counts Brancadori. It currently belongs to the Robimarga.
• Villa di Santa Colomba , 14th century building built by the Accarigi and soon passed to Pandolfo Petrucci . He probably had it remodeled by Baldassare Peruzzi at the beginning of the 16th century. In the dispute between Siena and Florence in 1554/55, the villa suffered considerable damage, which was not repaired until 1625. Further restoration work took place in 1782.

Events

• Monteriggioni di torri si corona , annual medieval festival on two weekends in July

Awards

• The place is sponsor of the Bandiera Arancione of the TCI

traffic

Castellina in Chianti train station, in Castellina Scalo (district of Monteriggioni)

• Monteriggioni has been on the Empoli – Siena – Chiusi railway on the Empoli – Siena section since 1849 . The station is located in the district of Castellina Scalo, approx. 2 km northwest of Monteriggioni, but is named after the neighboring town of Castellina in Chianti. Another train station is located in the Badesse district, approx. 4 km southeast of the main town.
• The Monteriggioni junction is on the RA3 , which connects Florence with Siena. The junction Badesse is about 4 km southeast of the main town and is the last junction before Siena Nord , which is still in the municipality of Monteriggioni.

Monteriggioni in literature

The place is mentioned by Dante in the Divine Comedy in the first part (Inferno, Canto 31, lines 40-45):

Just like Montereggione's pinnacle round

Numerous towers crown mightily all around:

Towered, half looming for the reason

The bodies of the wild sons of the earth,

From the giants that Jovis Droh'n

Still applies when its thunder roars.

( Extensor translation, original [...] però che, come in su la cerchia tonda, Monteriggion di torri si corona, so la proda che 'l pozzo circonda, torregiavan di mezza la persona, li orribili giganti, cui minaccia, Giove del cielo ancora quando tona. )

Trivia

• Monteriggioni is a central location of the video game Assassin's Creed II and its offshoots. In the computer game Stronghold , the location is one of the locations of the "siege mode".
• Monteriggioni was the location of several films, such as B. The English patient , gladiator , emotion and seduction or tea with Mussolini .
• In the local area ( Villa Parigini ) is the headquarters of the association Associazione Nazionale Città dell'Olio , the place itself is now also part of the association.

literature

• Emanuele Repetti: MONTE REGGIONI, o MONTE RIGGIONI (Mons Regionis) in Val d'Elsa. In: Dizionario Geografico Fisico Storico della Toscana (1833–1846) , online edition of the University of Siena (pdf, Italian)
• Touring Club Italiano : Monteriggioni e il suo territorio. Touring Editore, Milan 2003, ISBN 88-365-2944-5
• Touring Club Italiano: Toscana. Milan 2003, ISBN 88-365-2767-1 , p. 588 f.

Web links

Commons : Monteriggioni  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• Official website of the municipality of Monteriggioni (Italian)
• Official website of Monteriggioni di Torri si Corona (Italian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
2. ↑ Website of the Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), accessed on March 17, 2013 (Italian) (PDF; 330 kB)
3. ↑ Official website of the Sistema Informativo Ambientale della Regione Toscana (SIRA) on the rivers in the municipality of Monteriggioni , (Italian), accessed on March 17, 2013
4. ↑ Fontebecci: The houses are located on the side of Monteriggioni, the Fountain of 1228 on the side of Siena.
5. ↑ Scorgiano: The church of Santa Fiora is one of Casole d'Elsa, the Chapel of Bichi Borghesi located in the part of Monteriggioni.
6. ↑ Official website of ISTAT ( Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ) on 2001 population figures in the province of Siena, accessed on March 17, 2013 (Italian)
7. ↑ Official website of the Province of Siena on Via Francigena and Monteriggioni , accessed on July 27, 2011 (Italian)
8. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Touring Club Italiano: Monteriggioni e il suo territorio.
9. ↑ Luigi Pruneti: La Toscana dei Misteri. Editrice Le Lettere, Florence 2004, ISBN 88-7166-852-9 , p. 268.
10. ^ ^{A b} Touring Club Italiano: Toscana.
11. ↑ http://itinerari.toscana.to/comune.php?id=225&cosa=descrizione , accessed on July 27, 2011 ( page at wayback.archive.org from January 18, 2012 ( Memento from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 27, 2017)
12. ^ Website of Il Palio Siena zu Monteriggioni , accessed on July 28, 2011 (Italian)
13. ↑ Website of Resistenza Toscana ( Memento from April 28, 2017 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 27, 2011 (Italian)
14. ↑ Website of Castelli Toscani zu Monteriggioni, accessed on July 19, 2011 (English)
15. ↑ - ( Memento of December 12, 2010 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on July 27, 2011 (no longer available)
16. ↑ Official website of the Arcidiocesi di Siena, Colle Val d'Elsa and Montalcino , accessed on July 28, 2011 (Italian)
17. ↑ toscanissima website , accessed on July 28, 2011 (Italian)
18. ↑ Il Tirreno to the Cappella di San Rocco, accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
19. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of San Bernardino da Siena (Badesse), accessed on April 30, 2017 (Italian), with illus.
20. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of Santa Maria Assunta al Poggiolo, accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
21. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of San Giovanni Evangelista, accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
22. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of San Michele Arcangelo a Fungaia, accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
23. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of San Michele Arcangelo a Fungaia, accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
24. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of San Giovanni Battista, accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
25. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of Santa Maria Maddalena a Santonovo, accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
26. ↑ RECIANO, o RECCIANO in Val d'Elsa. In: Emanuele Repetti: Dizionario Geografico Fisico Storico della Toscana (1833–1846) (pdf, Italian)
27. ↑ Gazzetta Ufficiale della Repubblica Italiana: Estinzione della parrocchia di San Bartolomeo a Riciano in Monteriggioni (GU series Generale n.53 del 4-3-1996) , accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
28. ↑ ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: website from percorsi francigena to the Chiesa di San Lorenzo a Colle Ciupi ), accessed on July 28, 2011, no longer available
29. ^ Official website of the Soprintendenza per i Beni Architettonici e per il Paesaggio per le province di Siena e Grosseto , accessed on July 28, 2011 (Italian)
30. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of Santi Pietro e Paolo, accessed on April 26, 2017 (Italian)
31. ↑ monteriggioniturismo.it on Scorgiano , accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
32. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of San Martino, accessed on April 26, 2017 (Italian)
33. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of San Dalmazio, accessed on April 26, 2017 (Italian)
34. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Church of Santi Erasmo e Marcellino, accessed on April 26, 2017 (Italian)
35. ↑ EcoMuseo Val d'Elsa on the Necropoli del Casone, accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
36. ↑ Divine Comedy (Streckfuß 1876) / Purgatorio, de.wikisource
37. ^ Divina Commedia / Inferno / Canto XXXI, it.wikisource
38. ↑ monteriggioniturismo.it on Castiglionalto / Castiglion Ghinibaldi , accessed on April 27, 2017 (Italian)
39. ^ Website from Il Palio Siena to the Castello della Chiocciola , accessed on July 28, 2011 (Italian)
40. ^ Ovidio Guaita: Le ville della toscana. Newton & Compton Editori, Rome 1997, ISBN 88-8183-787-0 , p. 371 ff.
41. ^ Ovidio Guaita: Le ville della toscana. Newton & Compton Editori, Rome 1997, ISBN 88-8183-787-0 , p. 404 ff.
42. ↑ Official website of Monteriggioni di torri si corona for the festival ( Memento of May 23, 2013 in the Internet Archive ), accessed on April 26, 2017 (Italian / English)
43. ↑ Official website of the TCI on the Bandiera Arancione and Monteriggioni , accessed on April 26, 2017 (Italian)
44. ↑ Divine Comedy (Streckfuß 1876) / Inferno, de.wikisource
45. ^ Divina Commedia / Inferno / Canto XXXI, it.wikisource
46. ↑ Official website of the Associazione Nazionale Città dell'Olio for the headquarters of the association , accessed on April 26, 2017 (Italian)
47. ↑ Official website of the Associazione Nazionale Città dell'Olio on the member locations , accessed on April 26, 2017 (Italian)

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