Clement III. (Pope)

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Clement III. , originally Paolo Scolari (* in Rome ; † March 20 , 28 or April 10, 1191 ), was Pope from December 19, 1187 .

Before his pontificate he held the offices of papal subdeacon , archpriest of Santa Maria Maggiore and from 1181 to 1187 cardinal bishop of Preneste .

Pope Clement III was buried in S. Giovanni in Laterano. His grave was lost with the great fire in 1308.

The Roman Clement III. was able to return to Rome as the first Pope since 1144 thanks to a contract with the Senate of the city and related financial commitments and to reside there relatively undisturbed from 1188. In 1188 he sent two cardinal legates to Palermo to demand the oath of allegiance to King Wilhelm II for the Kingdom of Sicily, which had been a papal fiefdom since 1130. The king's oath confirmed the legal bases between the papal curia and the Norman ruler, regulated by the Benevento Concordat of 1156. In April 1189, Clemens concluded the Treaty of Strasbourg with Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa , which regulated the complete return of the Papal States.

While Frederick I Barbarossa was still on the third crusade , King Wilhelm II died in Palermo in November 1189. As he left no legitimate heirs, his aunt Konstanze was the last legitimate heir to the Kingdom of Sicily. She was with the German heir to the throne Heinrich VI since January 1186 . married. The papal fiefdom of Sicily threatened to fall to the future emperor. Clement III wanted this. Therefore prevented and supported the usurpation of the Sicilian throne by Count Tankred of Lecce , an illegitimate grandson of the first Norman king Roger II. In doing so, the Pope violated the inheritance law applicable in Sicily and also the Concordat of 1156. The cheated heirs Konstanze and After this coup, Heinrich fought to end the usurpation and enter the Sicilian legacy on the basis of the same legal agreements from the Benevento Concordat.

The of Clement III. Imperial coronation of Henry VI agreed with Friedrich Barbarossa . and Constance came after Barbarossa's death on the crusade (June 1190) because of Henry VI's armor. against Tankred and the death of the Pope in March 1191 no longer materialized. It became the first official act of Clemens' successor Celestine III. who was crowned emperor on April 15, 1191.

Clement III. had agreed with the Romans in 1188 to destroy the municipality of Tusculum , which is adjacent to Rome . Since the Romans had not succeeded in conquering Tusculum by the spring of 1191, the case became the subject of negotiations for the coronation of Henry VI. The Tusculans had called the empire for help, and King Henry VI. had then had troops transferred to the city until further notice. Due to the agreements between the Curia and the Romans from the year 1188, and after the Romans had assured the undisturbed coronation of Henry and Constance, the imperial troops were withdrawn from the city and Tusculum a few days later was taken by the Romans, destroyed and finally given to the Pope.

literature

Web links

Commons : Clement III.  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ So Zeilinger, LThK, Sp. 1220.
  2. ↑ According to Petersohn DBI or Enciclopedia dei Papi, vaticanhistory.de cites March 25, 1191 without citing the source.
  3. ↑ Martin Marker: Pope Clement III. vaticanhistory.de, accessed on July 18, 2016.
predecessor Office successor
Gregory VIII Pope
1187–1191 		Celestine III.
personal data
SURNAME Clement III.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Paolo Scolari
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Pope (1187–1191)
DATE OF BIRTH 12th Century
PLACE OF BIRTH Rome
DATE OF DEATH between March 20, 1191 and April 10, 1191