Chiusdino

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Chiusdino
coat of arms
Chiusdino (Italy)
Chiusdino
Country Italy
region Tuscany
province Siena  (SI)
Coordinates 43 ° 9 '  N , 11 ° 5'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 9 '0 "  N , 11 ° 5' 0"  E
height 573  m slm
surface 141 km²
Residents 1,845 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density 13 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 53012
prefix 0577
ISTAT number 052010
Popular name Chiusdinesi
Website Chiusdino municipality
Panorama of Chiusdino
Panorama of Chiusdino

Chiusdino is a place with 1845 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the province of Siena , Tuscany region in Italy .

geography

Location of Chiusdino in the province of Siena

The place extends over 141  km² . It is located about 30 km southwest of the provincial capital Siena and about 70 km south of the regional capital Florence in the range of hills of the Colline Metallifere . The Val di Cecina begins north-west of the municipality . Chiusdino itself is located in the upper part of the Val di Merse (Mersetal). Other important bodies of water besides the Merse (18 of 68 km in the municipal area) are the Feccia (8 of 17 km in the municipal area), the Rosia (3 of 18 km in the municipal area) and the Torrenti Farmulla (4 of 11 km in the municipal area), Saio (6 of 11 km in the municipality) and Seggi (7 of 10 km in the municipality). Chiusdino is in the climatic classification of Italian municipalities in zone E, 2303 GR / G and belongs to the Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino .

Districts are Ciciano (506  meters , approx. 300 inhabitants), Frassini (350 meters, approx. 150 inhabitants), Fròsini (346 meters, approx. 50 inhabitants), Montalcinello (378 meters, approx. 150 inhabitants) and Palazzetto (347 meters , approx. 100 inhabitants).

The neighboring municipalities are Casole d'Elsa , Monticiano , Montieri ( GR ), Radicondoli , Roccastrada (GR) and Sovicille .

history

The first settlements probably date back to the Lombards in the 6th century. The place was equipped with a castle and expanded by the bishops of Volterra in the 12th century . These received their rule until 1215, when Bishop Pagano Pannocchieschi handed over control of the place to Siena. This happened through the pressure of the Gherardesca from the neighboring Fròsini (today part of Chiusdino), who were close to the Republic of Siena. After the first takeover of the place of Siena in 1214, the place of Giovanni di Velletri, Bishop of Florence and Pope Innocent III. used as mediator, given back to Volterra. Nevertheless, Pagano Pannocchieschi gave the place to Siena, so that on May 22, 1215 the people of Chiusdino gave the oath of allegiance to Giovanni Cocchi, Podestà of Siena. In 1554, during the war against Siena, Florence conquered the place, which in 1776 became a free commune. At the end of the 18th century, the village was conquered by Napoleon's troops, who stayed until 1814. Then Chiusdino was incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Tuscany , where it remained until 1861, when it was integrated into the Kingdom of Italy . Chiusdino has an excellently preserved and largely still inhabited medieval town center.

Attractions

The Church of San Michele Arcangelo
The Church of San Martino
Porta Senese fortified gate
Castle of Fròsini
  • Abbazia San Galgano
  • Prepositura di San Michele Arcangelo , medieval church in the town center, which was restored and heavily modified in 1964. Contains the painting Madonna del Rosario by Alessandro Casolani and as a relic the head of St. San Galgano (until 1977 in the museum of the Duomo of Siena ).
  • Chiesa di San Sebastiano , church in the center and seat of the Confraternita di San Galgano (Compagnia di San Galgano). According to legend, the church was built to keep the relics of San Sebastiano , which were given to San Galgano by the Senese Pope Alexander III. were bequeathed. Contains a relief from 1466 by Urbano da Cortona ( San Galgano che conficca la spada nella roccia , now in the San Galgano Museum). The round window of the facade has a glass work from the 15th century ( San Sebastiano tra San Rocco e San Leonardo ).
  • Chiesa di San Martino (also Iacopo e Martino ), church in the center, also known as fuori le mura , as it was outside the first city wall ring of the castle (Castello). Already mentioned in 1133 as Clausura di San Martino in Chiusdia and initially belonged to the Benedictine monks of the Abbey of Santa Maria in Serena. In 1196 the order merged with the Vallombrosan .
  • Casa natale di Galgano Guidotti , birthplace of St. Galgano (* around 1150). In the entrance area there is now a chapel in honor of the saint.
  • Museo Civico e Diocesano d'Arte Sacra di San Galgano , museum in the Palazzo Taddei in the town center. Contains among others the works Madonna col Bambino by Niccolò di Segna (1336, comes from the Church of San Michele) and San Michele Arcangelo appare a San Galgano by Niccolò Franchini (18th century, comes from Montesiepi).
  • City walls of Chiusdino : three city wall rings, the first of which bordered the castle. The first extension (second city wall) covered the area around the church of San Martino, the third city wall ring is the same as today's fortification wall and was completed in the 14th century. The city gates include:
    • Portino , gate of the first fortification wall that leads to the then external church of San Martino. Still available today.
    • Porta Senese , also called Porta Bacucchi or Barlucchi , northern city gate of the last ring of walls that leads to Siena and is still there today.
    • Porta Piana , gate that no longer exists today. Was the western gate that led to Ciciano and Massa Marittima .
    • Porta al Poggio , southern gate facing the Merse, of which only remains can be seen.
  • Santuario della Madonna delle Grazie , built as an oratorio in the 14th century, is located just outside the city walls on the road to Frassini. Suffered considerable damage in the war between Siena and Florence in 1555 and was abandoned afterwards. The current building, erected as a sanctuary , dates from 1615.
  • Chiesa della Madonna del Buon Consiglio , church in the Fròsini district outside the castle, contains the works Visione di San Galgano by Pietro Benvenuti and Santa Teresa by Carlo Dolci . The classical church was built in 1835 on the initiative of the Feroni family and was restored in the 1990s.
  • Chiesa di San Magno a Montalcinello , church in the district of Montalcinello, which was built in 1290 over an older cult site (approx. 10th century).
  • Chiesa di Santa Maria Assunta , church in the district of Ciciano, which was built in 1619.
  • Chiesa di San Lorenzo a Frassini , church in the Frassini district, which was built in the 19th century (after 1820).
  • Chiesa di San Lorenzo a Castelletto , church in Castalletto (also San Lorenzo a Castelletto Mascagni or San Lorenzo di Bossolino ), which was built at the beginning of the 17th century.
  • Castello di Fròsini , castle in the Fròsini district, first mentioned in 1004. Belonged to the Gherardesca and is now privately owned. Inside the castle is the church of San Michele Arcangelo (today Compagnia del Santissimo Sacramento e Carità ). Contains the oil painting Madonna del Buonconsiglio e angeli by an unknown artist, who created the work before 1855, and the marble tomb Monumento funebre del marchese Leopoldo Feroni , created by Enrico Pazzi in 1854.
  • Castello di Miranduolo , former castle with borgo and today's excavation site south of Chiusdino. The castle was first mentioned in 1004 in a document from the Serena Abbey. Until 1258 it belonged to the Gherardesca family, which then sold to the Cantoni family from Montiere. They gave the castle to the Broccardi in 1276, who bequeathed the castle to the municipality of Montieri in 1337. The castle was abandoned in the middle of the 15th century. The church of San Giovanni Evangelista stood in the village. Excavations have been taking place on the ruins since 2002.
  • Castello di Serena , castle with adjoining abbey of Santa Maria a Serena. First mentioned in 1004. The castle was destroyed in 1133 after a conflict between the Gherardesca and Volterra. The Benedictine abbey merged with the Vallombrosans in 1196. In the 13th century the monks left the place and moved to San Martino fuori le mura in Chiusdino. Only individual stones of the abbey and castle are visible today.
  • Castello di Spannocchia , 13th century castle in the northern municipality and just south of the Rosia river. Belonged to the Pannocchieschi. The main tower (Torrione) of the castle is still preserved.
  • Eremo di Montesiepi , also Cappella di San Galgano a Montesiepi , is located at the Abbazia San Galgano.
  • Eremo di Santa Lucia a Rosia , Hermitage near Rosia near Sovicille, but still part of the municipality of Chiusdino. Is not far from the Ponte della Pia and was built in the 12th century, the associated church of Santa Lucia was begun in 1252 and consecrated in 1267 . Since then she has belonged to the Augustinian order . During and shortly after the plague of 1348 the hermitage also served as an ospedale. With the subordination of the Hermitage to the community of Sant'Agostino in Siena in 1575 it belongs to the Archdiocese of Siena. The order was stopped in 1789, after which the buildings belonged to Tenuta Spannocchia, which stopped its activities in 1945. The ruins were restored between 1969 and 1974, and the structure of an older church was found under the current church, of which only the apse remains. Another restoration took place in 1989.
  • Oratorio della Madonna della Consolazione , oratory in the district of Montalcinello from the 17th century, which is just outside the fortification walls. Contains the 17th century canvas painting Madonna col Bambino .
  • Oratorio di San Carlo Borromeo , oratorio in the district of Ciciano. Includes a 19th century statue of San Carlo Borromeo.
  • Chiesino , church ruins near Luriano. Originated in the 16th century.
  • Pieve di Malcavolo ( Santa Maria e San Giovanni a Malcavolo ), church ruin and former pieve between Frosini, Montarrenti and Pentolina, which was in poor condition as early as the 14th century.
  • Pieve di Santa Maria a Luriano , Pieve below the castle of Luriano, which was mentioned as early as 1171 as Plebes Santa Maria de Lugriano . It was dedicated to San Giovanni Battista in the 18th century and is no longer active today.
  • Pieve di San Bartolomeo a Pentolina , Pieve near the former castle of Pentolina in the northeastern municipality, which was first mentioned in 1189. Was restored by the Spannocchi family in 1524, and there were further interventions in 1810 and 1939.

photos

  • Chiusdino

  • Baptistery of St. Galgano

  • Residential house in Chiusdino

Sports

  • Palla eh! , a forerunner of tennis and fistball , was first documented historically around 1300 in the Ciciano district.

literature

Web links

Commons : Chiusdino  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ a b Emanuele Repetti: CHIUSDINO, GIUSDINO, JUSDINO, (Clusdinum, già Cluslinum).
  3. ↑ Official website of the Sistema Informativo Ambientale della Regione Toscana (SIRA) on the rivers in Chiusdino , accessed on November 27, 2015 (Italian)
  4. ↑ Website of the Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA) , accessed on January 26, 2013 (Italian) (PDF; 330 kB)
  5. ↑ Official website of ISTAT ( Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ) on 2001 population figures in the province of Siena, accessed on January 27, 2012 (Italian)
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Anna Maria Guiducci (Ed.): I Luoghi della Fede: Le Crete senesi, la Val d'Arbia e la Val di Merse.
  7. ↑ a b c Pro Loco Chiusdino
  8. ^ A b Touring Club Italiano: Toscana.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f Website Archeologia Medievale of the University of Siena (with subpages) on Castello di Miranduolo and Chiusdino, accessed on November 29, 2015 (Italian)
  10. ↑ a b c d e f Comune di Chiusdino (Ed.): Chiusdino. Il suo terretorio e l'abbazia di San Galgano.
  11. ↑ Pro Loco Chiusdino to the Museo Civico e Diocesano d'Arte Sacra di San Galgano  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on May 16, 2017 (Italian)@1@ 2Template: Dead Link / www.prolocochiusdino.it  
  12. ^ Anna Benvenuti: Santuari di Toscana. Edizioni Cooperativa Firenze 2000, Florence 2002, p. 296
  13. ↑ Il Tirreno on the Chiesa della Madonna del Buon Consiglio, accessed on May 16, 2017 (Italian)
  14. ↑ Il Tirreno for the Chiesa di San Lorenzo a Frassini, accessed on May 16, 2017 (Italian)
  15. ↑ Emanuele Repetti: Frassini in Val di Merse. In: Dizionario Geografico Fisico Storico della Toscana (1833–1846). (pdf, Italian)
  16. ↑ Il Tirreno to the Chiesa di San Lorenzo a Castalletto, accessed on May 16, 2017 (Italian)
  17. ↑ Silvia Colucci: Il Castello di Frosini. In: Accademia dei Rozzi. Anno XIX - N. 37 ( online version, pdf ), accessed on May 16, 2017
  18. ↑ Emanuele Repetti: MALCAVOLO (PIEVE DI) in Val di Merse. In: Dizionario Geografico Fisico Storico della Toscana (1833–1846). (pdf, Italian)