Rapolano Terme

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Rapolano Terme
coat of arms
Rapolano Terme (Italy)
Rapolano Terme
Country Italy
region Tuscany
province Siena  (SI)
Coordinates 43 ° 17 '  N , 11 ° 36'  E Coordinates: 43 ° 17 '0 "  N , 11 ° 36' 0"  E
height 334  m slm
surface 83 km²
Residents 5,332 (Dec 31, 2019)
Population density 64 inhabitants / km²
Post Code 53040
prefix 0577
ISTAT number 052026
Popular name Rapolanesi
Patron saint Vergine Maria Assunta (August 15)
Website Rapolano Terme municipality
Panorama of Rapolano Terme
Panorama of Rapolano Terme

Rapolano Terme (mostly just Rapolano ) is a place with 5332 inhabitants (as of December 31, 2019) in the province of Siena , Tuscany region in Italy .

geography

Location of Rapolano Terme in the province of Siena
The city gate Porta dei Tintori from the 14th century

The place lies in the landscape of the Crete Senesi approx. 20 km east of the provincial capital Siena and approx. 60 km southeast of the regional capital Florence . The place extends over 83  km² and is in the climatic classification of Italian communities in zone D, 1 914 GG. The Ombrone (4 of 157 km) and the Torrente Foenna (7 of 37 km) flow through the municipality .

The districts (Frazioni) include Armaiolo (281 m, approx. 80 inhabitants), Modanella , Poggio Santa Cecilia , San Gimignanello and Serre di Rapolano .

The neighboring municipalities are Asciano , Bucine ( AR ), Castelnuovo Berardenga , Lucignano (AR), Monte San Savino (AR), Sinalunga and Trequanda .

history

The history of the city center of Rapolano begins in the 12th century when the Counts Scialenga (also called Cacciaconti and Cacciaguerra ) of Asciano e Berardenga took control of the place. The place was first mentioned in writing in 1107 in a document showing the Cacciaconti family as local lords. In 1175 they asked Siena for protection. In 1208 Gualfredotto di Milano took the place on behalf of Florence . Rapolano was attacked again by Florence in 1233 and 1253 and repeatedly came into conflict between Ghibellines and Guelphs . From 1266 there was a Podestà dependent on Siena . At that time the place became the granary of Siena. The grain deliveries were organized by the management of the Santa Maria della Scala Hospital in Siena and lasted until the 18th century. The city walls were partially destroyed by Siena in the conflict with Arezzo in 1306 and rebuilt in 1342 as a fortification with five round towers with Senese help. On May 30, 1554, first Armaiolo and then Rapolano were occupied and destroyed by the troops from Florence. The damage left only two city gates, the Porta dei Tintori and the Porta Sant'Antonio and six towers intact. The troops then moved on from Florence to defeat Siena on August 2, 1554 at the Battle of Scannagallo . With the defeat of Siena, Rapolano was also incorporated into the Duchy of Tuscany and remained there (with the exception of the Napoleonic occupation) even after the unification of Italy . Since 1949, the place should the addition Terme ( spas carry).

Attractions

Pieve di San Vittore
Castle and hamlet of San Gimignanello
City gate Porta Sant'Antonio , on the right the new town hall
  • Arcipretura di Santa Maria Assunta , church in the center, which was consecrated in 1646 . Contains the works Madonna del Latte by Paolo di Giovanni Fei and San Giacomo, San Sebastiano e San Rocco che adorano la Madonna col Bambino by Astolfo Petrazzi . The work Madonna che porge il Bambino a Santa Francesca Romana is attributed to Deifebo Burbarini .
  • Chiesa del Corpus Domini , also called Chiesa della Fraternita , in the center of the village in Piazza Matteotti. Contains the work Madonna col Bambino ei Santi Giovanni Battista e Girolamo attributed to Girolamo di Benvenuto and the work Madonna del Rosario e Santi by Ventura Salimbeni .
  • Chiesa di San Bartolomeo (also called Chiesa del Santo ), church in the center near the Castellare , which was built in the 14th century. Contains the work Madonna col Bambino, San Bartolomeo e San Cristoforo by Vincenzo Rustici .
  • Chiesa della Compagnia di Santa Caterina della Misericordia , church, contains the works Santa Caterina che riceve il cuore del Redentore and Santa Caterina che dà la veste al povero by Astolfo Petrazzi as well as Madonna in gloria ei Santi Caterina, Rocco e Sebastiano and San Lorenzo e Sant 'Andrea by Alessandro Casolani .
  • Chiesa della Madonna della Piaggia a San Gimignanello in the district of San Gimignanello, church built in 1407, contains the work Madonna col Bambino by Lippo Vanni .
  • Pieve di San Vittore , 1029 already mentioned Pieve just outside the city walls and the Porte dei Tintori .
  • Porta dei Tintori ( Dyers' Gate), southern city gate on the (medieval) road to Siena, built in the 14th century.
  • Porta Sant'Antonio , still preserved city gate near today's town hall. The city gate is laid out towards Asciano.
  • Porta Nuova , the more recent city gate used as the gateway to Piazza Matteotti. Was built to facilitate car access to the center.
  • Terme Antica Querciolaia , about 1 km northeast of the thermal baths, which have 39-40  ° C warm water and were probably used by the Romans . Previously known as Bagni Arrigucci .
  • Parco dell'Acqua , nature park opened in 1998 just outside the city walls near the ancient thermal baths. Contains sculptures by Mauro Berrettini.
  • Terme di San Giovanni Battista , about 2 km southwest of the thermal baths. Once known under the name Bagni Marii , they were already in the 3rd century BC. Chr. Used and have been extended in the 13th century from the Senese government. The water temperature is 39 ° C. The ancient springs originated near the limestone deposits known today as Montagnola , also called Acqua delle Rupe . Other sources in the immediate vicinity are those of Santa Maria delle Nevi (28 ° C) and Casino Torricelli (23.6 ° C).
  • Campo Muri , Etruscan-Romanesque thermal baths from the 3rd century BC BC, which were rediscovered in the 1970s and are located near the Terme San Giovanni. The area covers approx. 8000 square meters.
  • Serre di Rapolano : Cassero (Castello), Chiesa dei Santi Lorenzo e Andrea, Grancia, Palazzo Gori-Martini u. a.
  • Castello di Armaiolo , castle with an unknown date. Belonged to Counts Spadalonga and Adilasia in 1121 and was taken over by Siena in 1208. Was badly damaged in the conflict between Florence and Siena in 1554.
  • Chiesa di San Giovanni Evangelista , church from the 14th century in the Armaiolo district. Was restored at the end of the 19th century.
  • Chiesa della Compagnia del Corpus Domini , church just outside the ramparts of Armaiolo.
  • Castello di San Gemignanello , first mentioned in 1022 as Castelvecchio , owned by the Scialenghi and then the Gallerani families . Has been owned by the Sansedoni of Siena since 1740 and was renovated in the 19th century.
  • Chiesa dei Santi Fabiano e Sebastiano a San Gimignanello , church in the castle, built in 1771 by the Sansedoni over an older church from the 12th.
  • Chiesa della Madonna della Piaggia , church near San Gimignanello. Was built around a tabernacle , probably by Lippo Vanni.
  • Castello di Modanella , castle at 360 m that was enlarged in the 16th century.
  • Chiesa di San Giovanni Evangelista a Modanella , Church in Modanella. The work Cena in Emmaus is attributed to Raffaello Vanni .
  • Chiesa di Santa Maria a Montecamerini , church from the 11th century just outside the village. Was restored in the 15th century and is now privately owned.
  • Chiesa di San Biagio , also called San Biagio a Chiusella , already mentioned in the 11th century as a branch of the Pieve San Vittore, which is no longer used today. Located between Armaiolo and Lati Castelli.
  • Chiesa di Santa Maria in Ferrata , former church near Poggio Santa Cecilia, which dates from the 13th century.
  • Chiesa di San Pietro a Poggio Santa Cecilia , became a parish church in 1798 as the successor church to Santa Maria in Ferrata.
  • Chiesa della Compagnia di Santa Croce , former church in the Poggio Santa Cecilia district, which contains a work ascribed to Alessandro Casolani ( Sant'Elena e il miracolo di San Macario ).
  • Chiesa della Madonna di Montauto , church built in 1676 near the old Pieveruine in Località Santo Stefano a Vicododuecim .
  • Pieve di Sant'Andreino , already in 1178 by Pope Alexander III. Pieve mentioned as a branch of the Collegiata di Sant'Agata in Asciano.

traffic

Rapolano Terme train station
  • The Rapolano junction is on the highway from Siena to the A1 and RA6 to Perugia . The Serre di Rapolano district has an additional junction.
  • Rapolano has a stop on the Siena-Chiusi railway line.
  • The Roman road Via Lauretana runs through the village , which is part of a variant of the Via Francigena .

economy

In the local area mainly travertine and marble were mined until the 2000s . The first dismantling work took place before the 3rd century BC. In the late Middle Ages, activities began again from 1597.

Community partnerships

Rapolano has had a community partnership with the Hungarian town of Fertőrákos since 2000 .

literature

Web links

Commons : Rapolano Terme  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Statistiche demografiche ISTAT. Monthly population statistics of the Istituto Nazionale di Statistica , as of December 31 of 2019.
  2. ↑ Website of the Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile (ENEA), accessed on September 12, 2013 (Italian) (PDF; 330 kB)
  3. ↑ Official website of the Sistema Informativo Ambientale della Regione Toscana (SIRA) on the rivers in Rapolano Terme , accessed on September 13, 2013 (ital.)
  4. ↑ Official website of ISTAT ( Istituto Nazionale di Statistica ) on 2001 population figures in the province of Siena, accessed on September 13, 2013 (Italian)
  5. ^ Statute of the municipality of Rapolano Terme on the districts of April 9, 2003, Art. 4.1. (pdf)
  6. ↑ a b c Emanuele Repetti: Dizionario Geografico Fisico Storico della Toscana.
  7. ↑ a b c d e Maurizio Abbati: Luoghi d'Italia. Rapolano Terme.
  8. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Anna Maria Guiducci: I Luoghi della Fede: Le Crete senesi, la Val d'Arbia e la Val di Merse.
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g Touring Club Italiano
  10. ↑ a b c I percorsi della Via Francigena nelle terre di Siena
  11. ↑ Crete Senesi website on the city walls and city gates , accessed on September 13, 2013 (ital.)
  12. ↑ a b c Erio Rosetti and Luca Valenti: Terme e sorgenti di Toscana.
  13. ↑ Crete Senesi website for the Piazza Iqbal Maschi in the Parco dell'Acqua , accessed on September 13, 2013 (ital.)
  14. ↑ Crete Senesi website for Campo Muri , accessed on September 13, 2013 (ital.)
  15. ↑ Enrico Bosi: I Castelli della Toscana. Il Senese. Bonechi Editrice, Florence 1981, ISBN 88-7009-137-6 , p. 136.