Sant'Agostino (Siena)

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Back of the Sant'Agostino church in Siena
Former facade and the loggia of the Collegio Tolomei

The Chiesa di Sant'Agostino is a church in Siena dedicated to Saint Augustine of Hippo . It belongs to the Archdiocese of Siena-Colle di Val d'Elsa-Montalcino .

location

The church is located in the historic city center within the city ​​walls of Siena on Prato di Agostino and Via Pier Andrea Mattioli. It is located in the third third of the city, Terzo di Città, in the Contrada Tartuca (tortoise). Initially, the church was outside the city walls in front of the city gate Porta all'Arco on the Poggio di Sant'Agata , only in 1325 with the fourth extension of the medieval city walls to Porta Tufi , Sant'Agostino was included in the city wall ring.

In addition to the church, the building complex also includes the convent , the dormitory and the sacristy .

history

The church of Sant'Agata , located on Poggio Sant'Agata , was first mentioned in a document in 1182. The adjacent property was acquired by the monks of the Augustinian order in 1259 , and the foundation stone was laid in the same year. The church of Sant'Agata was attached in 1283. The construction was largely financed by donations of money and materials from the city of Siena, property extensions were mostly made through private donations. A campanile from 1303 is documented that collapsed in a storm around 1397/1398 together with the as yet unfinished roof. The Blessed Augustinus Novellus found his final resting place on the site in 1309, but was reburied on May 19, 1977 in Termini Imerese in the Cathedral of San Nicola di Bari. From 1322 until at least 1337 the dormitory was enlarged. The plague of 1348 put the construction work on hold for almost 80 years, it was only resumed in the 1420s. Nevertheless, in 1408 Pope Gregory XII became. housed here. Jacopo della Quercia was buried in the first cloister in 1438. During the siege of Siena by Florence in the years 1553–1555, the church served as accommodation for German mercenaries, during the conflict the church suffered considerable damage. A restoration and enlargement took place from 1579 to 1598 when the upper dormitory was completed. The church consecration took place on October 22nd, 1635, Grand Duke Ferdinando II. De 'Medici was present. In 1747 a fire severely damaged the church. The restoration work was carried out from 1747 to 1755 by Luigi Vanvitelli and the architects Giuseppe and Sebastiano di Giorgio Minacci. After the completion of the building, there was a legal dispute with the Minacci over the roof structure, which resulted in improvements until 1760. In the earthquake of 1798, the vaults of the sacristy and that of the Cappella Piccolomini collapsed, and the campanile was also seriously damaged. The following restoration work by Agostino Fantastici began in 1816 and ended in 1820. The campanile, which had been 40 m high up until then, was removed and a three-bay loggia was installed in front of the church facade. The chapel of the bell tower (Cappella del Campanile) contains frescoes by Biagio di Goro Ghezzi , who depicted Cristo benedicente , Santa Caterina d'Alessandria and San Lorenzo here . The frescoes were created between 1355 and 1365. The loggia and the convent have been used since then by the Collegio Tolomei , which acquired the land for it in 1816 and was previously located in the Palazzo Piccolomini since 1681 . The lower church (under the transept) initially housed the Compagnia Santa Croce, founded in Sant'Agata in 1213, and its oratory until the secularization in 1785. After that, French troops use the rooms. In 1872 the premises were converted into a gymnastics hall, which was used by departments of the Mens Sana Basket Siena . One of the main canteens of the University of Siena has been located here since 1971 . The Order of the Augustinians left the building complex in 1972.

inner space

The nave ( nave ) with the dimensions 43 × 16.5 m (height 22.5 m) consists of eight altars , four of them on the left and four on the right. Today's main entrance is between the second and third altars on the left, and the entrance to the Cappella Piccolomini is between the second and third altars on the right. The triptych of Simone Martini ( Beato Agostino Novello, Storie della vita del beato Agostino Novello ) is now in the Pinacoteca Nazionale di Siena (room 5).

Right side of the nave

Crocifisso e Santi also called Pala Chigi , painting by Perugino , 2nd altar on the right (Cappella Chigi)
  • First altar (Altar of St. Jerome , Cappella Rochi): Comunione di San Girolamo , painting by Astolfo Petrazzi , painted in 1631.
  • Second altar (Cappella Chigi): Crucifixion with saints , painting by Perugino , painted in 1506.
  • Entrance to the Cappella Piccolomini
  • Third altar (Altar of St. Maria Goretti ): Altar retable made of wood by Giuseppe and Sebastiano Minacci, 930 × 576 cm, made around 1750/55.
  • Fourth altar (Altar of St. Matthew , Cappella Biringucci): Andata al Calvario , canvas painting, started by Alessandro Casolani and completed by Ventura Salimbeni in 1612 .

Left side of the nave

  • First altar (Altar of the Nativity, Cappella Savini): Adorazione dei pastori , canvas painting with oil paints by Giovanni Francesco Romanelli , created around 1640.
  • Second altar (Altar of the Immaculate Conception ): Madonna in gloria con San Francesco di Sales e San Tommaso da Villanova , painting by Carlo Maratta in 1671 .
  • Third altar (Altar of Saint New Year's Eve , Cappella Fondi): Battesimo di Costantino , oil painting on canvas from 1587 by Francesco Vanni , was commissioned by Antonio Fondi for the family altar .
  • Fourth altar (Altar of the Holy Trinity , Cappella Bargagli): Trinità ei Santi Ansano, Battista, Agostino, Girolamo, Caterina e Pietro , 1600 oil painting on canvas by Pietro Sorri , commissioned by Scipione Bargagli.

Cappella Piccolomini

Painting Strage degli Innocenti by Matteo di Giovanni in the Cappella Piccolomini

In front of the chapel is the atrium in which the sculpture Pio II by Giovanni Dupré from 1850 is exhibited. The chapel itself emerged from the chapter house built from 1322 to 1328 , which was converted into a private chapel in the 16th century by the Senese archbishop Ascanio I. Piccolomini (1588–1597). The main painting of the altar of the Chapel of Piccolomini is Adoration of the Magi of Sodoma (Giovanni Antonio Bazzi). The oil painting on wood was created around 1530 and has the dimensions 328 × 203 cm. Further works in the chapel are oil paintings on canvas by Astolfo Petrazzi ( Santa Lucia , around 1640, and Miracolo di Sant'Eligio Vescovo ), Giovan Paolo Pisani ( Gesù morto , created around 1610) and the picture Gesù e Santa Caterina ascribed to Simondio Salimbeni . The fresco Maestà , which was created around 1335/1338, comes from Ambrogio Lorenzetti . There is also the painting The Bethlehemitic Child Murder by Matteo di Giovanni ( tempera on wood, created in 1482).

Main altar, transept and chapels

The high altar was created by Flaminio del Turco and contains works by Francesco, Giovanni Antonio and Agostino Mazzuoli. It was planned by Francesco and Giovanni Antonio Mazzuoli. The right transept contains the epitaph for Count Orso d'Elci, designed by Giovan Antonio Mazzuoli, and the paintings Morte di San Tommaso da Villanova and Glorie di San Tommaso da Villanova by Raffaello Vanni (oil on canvas, 1664). The left side of the transept is furnished with the altar of San Nicola di Tolentino (wooden statue, made in 1468) by Giacomo Cozzarelli . The high altar is surrounded by four chapels and contains the following works:

  • Outer chapel on the right (Chapel of St. Christopher , Cappella Bichi):
  • Inner chapel on the right (Chapel of the Madonna): Madonna della Cintura
  • Inner chapel on the left (Chapel of Saint Rita ):
  • Outer chapel on the left (Chapel of St. John ):
    • Rutilio Manetti : Sant'Antonio tentato (Sant'Antonio Abate tentato dal diavolo), created around 1630, oil painting on canvas, 221 × 141 cm.
    • Bartolomeo Neroni (Il Riccio): Painted cenotaph .
    • Stefano Volpi: Gesù di essere battezzato , created in 1626, oil painting on canvas.
The Sant'Agostino building complex in Siena

Sacristy and sacristy chapel

In the sacristy on the altar is the work Morte di San Guglielmo by Pietro Ciapettini (created around 1800). Other works in the room are Miracolo di Santo Stefano ( Bernardino Mei , 1654, oil painting on canvas), Il Redentore appare a Sant'Agostino ( Rutilio and Domenico Manetti , approx. 1639, oil painting on canvas) and S. Familia (G. Battista Giustammiani, also called Il Francesino ). The side room of the sacristy (sacristy chapel) has frescoes from the 14th century, some of which are ascribed to Paolo di Giovanni Fei .

literature

Web links

Commons : Sant'Agostino (Siena)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Peter Anselm Riedl, Max Seidel: The churches of Siena.
  2. ↑ Alfonso De Romanis: AGOSTINO NOVELLO, Beato . In: Enciclopedia Italiana (1929), accessed on April 14, 2014 (Italian)
  3. ↑ Official website of the municipality of Termini Imerese on the history of the municipality ( Memento of the original of April 16, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on April 15, 2014 (Italian) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.comuneterminiimerese.pa.it
  4. ↑ The frescoes of the former Cappella del Campanile on the pages of the picture index of art and architecture (German Documentation Center for Art History) , accessed on July 12, 2014 (with ill.)
  5. ↑ Cristina Ranucci: GHEZZI, Biagio . In: Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani , Volume 53, accessed on July 12, 2014 (Italian)
  6. ^ Archivio di Stato di Siena in the Palazzo Piccolomini on the history of the building , accessed on April 14, 2014 (ital.)
  7. ↑ a b c d Piero Torriti: Tutta Siena. Contrada per Contrada.
  8. ↑ Altar of St. Maria Goretti at Europeana.eu/ Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz , accessed on April 14, 2014 (Italian)
  9. ^ High altar of Sant'Agostino in Siena at Europeana.eu/Kunsthistorisches Institut in Florenz, accessed on April 14, 2014 (ital.)

Coordinates: 43 ° 18 ′ 54 "  N , 11 ° 19 ′ 54.4"  E