Perugino
Pietro Perugino (* around 1445/1448 in Citta della Pieve , today Province Perugia ; † February or March 1523 in Fontignano in Perugia ), born Pietro Vannucci usually short, Perugino called, was an Italian painter of the Renaissance . He was considered the most important master of the Umbrian School and was the teacher of Raphael , whose father Giovanni Santi dubbed him in a poem to his contemporaries as a "divine painter". His influence is obvious in Raphael's early work.
Life
Pietro Perugino was born Pietro Vannucci and came from a wealthy family. He was also called Pietro di Cristoforo Vannucci , which means: "Pietro, son of Cristoforo Vannucci". His nickname Perugino , by which he is known today, means "from Perugia".
His teachers were probably Piero della Francesca and Andrea del Verrocchio , in whose workshop Domenico Ghirlandaio , Leonardo da Vinci and Lorenzo di Credi were also trained. His work Scenes from the Life of St. Bernard (tempera on wood, possibly together with Pinturicchio ) can be seen today in the Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria in Perugia.
His most famous painting, Christ gives Peter the keys (Italian Consegna delle chiavi a Pietro , 3.35 × 5.50 m), one of the works from the wall fresco cycle in the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican , on which Italy's most celebrated painters participated , was created in 1481 . The perspective depth extension particularly impressed the people of the time. Other frescoes in the Sistine Chapel from Perugino's workshop are the baptism of Christ and the migration of Moses to Egypt .
After that, Perugino was considered the most famous painter in the country. This obviously led him to mass production (mainly portraits of Mary ) in two studios in Perugia and Florence . The frescoes were of a fantastic clarity and plasticity. The people he portrays exude a special dignity and grace. His works have often been copied.
Significant works
- 1481 Christ gives the keys to Peter, Sistine Chapel, Vatican (see above)
- 1485 Crucifixion, Portiuncula in Assisi
- around 1489–1493 vision of Saint Bernhard in the Alte Pinakothek in Munich
- 1493–1497 Crucifixion, Santa Maria Maddalena dei Pazzi in Florence
- 1496–1500 Polyptych , San Pietro, Perugia (now distributed among the museums of Lyon , Nantes , Rouen and the Vatican)
- 1497–1500 frescoes in the Collegio del Cambio, Perugia
- 1503 The Marriage of Mary , altarpiece for the Chapel of the Holy Ring in Perugia Cathedral , stolen by Napoleonic troops in 1797, now in the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Caen
exhibition
- 2004: Perugino - il divin pittore , Perugia , Galleria Nazionale dell'Umbria
- 2011: Perugino - Raphael's Master , Alte Pinakothek , Munich
literature
Monographs:
- Andreas Schumacher (ed.): Perugino - Raffaels Meister. 1st edition. Hatje Cantz Verlag, 2011, ISBN 978-3-7757-3159-1 .
- Joseph Antenucci Becherer (Ed.): Pietro Perugino: Master of the Italian Renaissance. Rizzoli, New York 1997, ISBN 0-942159-20-9 .
- Fiorenzo Canuti: Il Perugino. La Diana, Siena 1983 (repr.), ISBN 88-85659-07-1 .
- Vittoria Garibaldi: Perugino. Giunti Editore 2004, ISBN 88-09-03544-5 .
- Pietro Scarpellini: Perugino. Electa, Milano 1991, ISBN 88-435-3586-2 .
Catalog of works:
- Ettore Camesasca (Ed.): Tutta la pittura del Perugino. Rizzoli, Milano 1959.
- Carlo Castellaneta, Ettore Camesasca (ed.): L'opera completa del Perugino. Rizzoli, Milano 1969.
- Vittoria Garibaldi: Perugino. Catalogo completo. Octavo, Firenze 2000, ISBN 88-8030-091-1 .
Other:
- Giorgio Vasari : Lives of the Most Eminent Painters Sculptors and Architects. Volume IV: Filippino Lippi to Domenico Puligo 1913. Newly translated by Gaston du C. de Vere. In ten Volumes (online p. 33)
- Giorgio Vasari : The life of Perugino and Pinturicchio. Newly translated into German by Victoria Lorini. Ed., Commented by introduced by Rudolf Hiller von Gaertringen . Verlag Klaus Wagenbach , Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-8031-5051-6 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Perugino in the catalog of the German National Library
- Works by Perugino at Zeno.org .
- Bibliography on Perugino (PDF file; 138 kB)
personal data | |
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SURNAME | Perugino |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Pietro di Cristoforo Vannucci |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Italian painter |
DATE OF BIRTH | around 1445 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Città della Pieve |
DATE OF DEATH | February 1523 or March 1523 |
Place of death | Fontignano at Città della Pieve |