Anne de Montmorency

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Portrait of Annes de Montmorency by Léonard Limosin, 1556, Musée du Louvre
Signature Anne de Montmorency.PNG

Anne de Montmorency (born March 15, 1493 at Chantilly Castle ; † November 12, 1567 in Paris ) was the first Duke of Montmorency and Peer of France . He held the offices of Marshal and Connétables of France and is considered one of the most important French generals of the 16th century.

Life

Heraldic shield Annes de Montmorency

Anne de Montmorency was brought up with Francis I and followed him on his campaigns to Italy. He fought in the Battle of Marignano in 1515 and defended the city of Mézières against the army of Charles V with Pierre du Terrail in 1521. In the Battle of Bicocca in 1522 the king gave him the marshal's baton, but was captured with Francis I at Pavia in 1525. Earlier than the latter was released, he offered everything in France to free the king and was rewarded by him with the governor of Languedoc and the office of Grand Master of France .

When fighting resumed in 1536, he rushed to meet Charles V with 60,000 men and fought for the brilliant victory at Susa. With equal luck, he commanded Picardy and Piedmont and was promoted to connétable in 1538. Due to his close relationships with the Dauphin Heinrich, the king suspected, he fell out of favor in 1541 and had to avoid the court until Heinrich II ascended the throne in 1547, but was immediately recalled by him and reinstated in his earlier positions.

In his attempt in 1557 to relieve St. Quentin, which was besieged by the Spanish, he lost the battle of Saint-Quentin there and fell into the hands of the enemy. In order to speed up his liberation, he enforced the unfavorable peace of Cateau-Cambrésis , which robbed him of the trust of Francis II . However, he again enjoyed the favor of Charles IX.

After the infamous triumvirate that he had concluded with François de Lorraine , Duke of Guise, and Marshal Saint-André , he delivered the meeting of Dreux to the Prince of Condé in 1562 during the First Huguenot War , where he was captured again. Released in 1563, he drove the English from Havre and defeated Condé in the Second Huguenot War on November 10, 1567 in the battle of Saint-Denis . He died of the wounds received in this battle (he was hit in the back by a shot from an arquebus ) two days later, on November 12, 1567, in Paris.

progeny

Anne de Montmorency married 17-year-old Madeleine de Savoie (1510–1586), daughter of René of Savoy , in 1527 . The marriage had five sons and seven daughters:

  • Éleonore (* 1528; † 1556), ⚭ February 1546 François III. de La Tour d'Auvergne († 1557), vicomte de Turenne
  • Jeanne (* 1529; † 1596), June 1549 ⚭ Louis III. de La Trémoïlle († 1577), Duke of Thouars
  • Catherine (* 1529; † 1596?), ⚭ June 1553 Gilbert de Lévis († 1591), Count of Ventadour
  • François (June 17, 1530 - May 6, 1579), Duke of Montmorency, the favorite of Maria Stuart , under Henry III. Marshal of France, ⚭ 1) Jeanne d'Hallewin de Piennes, 2) May 1557 Diane de France , illegitimate daughter of King Henry II.
  • Henri I (* 1534; † 1614), Lord of Damville, Duke of Montmorency, Marshal and Connétable of France, ⚭ 1) January 29, 1559 Antoinette de la Marck (1542–1591), ⚭ 2) March 29, 1593 Louise de Budos (1575–1598), ⚭ 3) September 1599 Laurence de Clermont (1571–1654)
  • Charles (* 1537; † 1612), Lord of Méru, Duke of Damville, Admiral of France , ⚭ 1571 Renée de Cossé († 1622)
  • Gabriel (* 1541; † 1562), Lord of Montbéron
  • Guillaume (* 1546/7; † 1594), Lord of Thoré , ⚭ 1) 1561 Léonore d'Humières († 1563), 2) 1581 Anne de Lalaing († 1613)
  • Marie (* 1547 ?; † 1572?), ⚭ July 1567 Henri de Foix († 1573), Count of Candale
  • Anne, 1547 nun, Abbess of Sainte Trinité in Caen
  • Louise, 1560 nun
  • Madeleine († 1598), 1564 nun, successor of her sister Anne as abbess of Sainte Trinité in Caen

See also the Montmorency tribe list

literature

  • Brigitte Bedos Rezak: Anne de Montmorency. Seigneur de la Renaissance . Publisud, Paris 1990, ISBN 2-86600-312-8 .
  • Marc Blancpain: Anne de Montmorency. Le tout-puissant 1493-1567 . Tallandier, Paris 1988, ISBN 2-235-01799-1 .
  • Francis Decrue de Stoutz: Anne de Montmorency, grand maître et connétable de France, a la cour, aux armées et au conseil du roi François Ier . Plon, Paris 1885 ( PDF ; 28 MB).
  • Francis Decrue de Stoutz: Anne, duc de Montmorency, connétable et pair de France sous les rois Henri II, François II et Charles IX . Plon, Paris 1889 ( PDF ; 33 MB).
  • Germaine Ganier: La politique du Connétable Anne de Montmorency «1547-1559» . Étaix, Le Havre 1957.
  • Semjon Aron Dreiling: Heart union of King and Konnetabel. The monument du cœur des Anne de Montmorency in the Cölestine Church in Paris as a monumental proof of loyalty . In: Marburger Jahrbuch für Kunstwissenschaft 36/2009, pp. 145–183, 2010.

Web links

Commons : Anne de Montmorency  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Information according to Joan Davies: The politics of the marriage bed. Matrimony and the Montmorency family 1527-1612 . In: French History . Vol. 6, No. 1, 1992, ISSN  0269-1191 , pp. 63-95, doi : 10.1093 / fh / 6.1.63 .
personal data
SURNAME Montmorency, Anne de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Connétable de Montmorency
BRIEF DESCRIPTION French military leader, peer, marshal and connétable of France
DATE OF BIRTH March 15, 1493
PLACE OF BIRTH Chantilly
DATE OF DEATH November 12, 1567
Place of death Paris