François de Montmorency
François de Montmorency , second Duke of Montmorency , (born June 17, 1530 , † May 6, 1579 in Écouen ) was the military governor of Paris and Marshal of France .
Life
François was the eldest son of Annes de Montmorency , Marshal and Connétable of France , and his wife Madeleine de Savoie.
Like his father, he became a soldier, fought in Piedmont in 1551 and defended Thérouanne against imperial troops in 1553 . In 1556 he became governor of the Île-de-France . He had been appointed Grand Master of France to succeed his father , but had to cede his claims to the Duke of Guise , François de Lorraine in 1559 and be satisfied with the marshal's baton.
In 1556 the king proposed to him to marry his daughter , Diane de Valois , from the connection with Filippa Duci . However, without his family's knowledge, François had secretly got engaged to Jeanne d'Hallewin de Piennes, a lady of honor of the Queen, and now had to admit this. He traveled to Rome to obtain a dispensation from Pope Paul IV for his marriage vows, but to no avail. Only Paul's successor Pius IV finally issued this in November 1560. Nevertheless, under pressure from his parents, François had to “break” the connection beforehand in order to be able to marry Heinrich's daughter in May 1557. She was the widow of Orazio Farneses , Duke of Castro , who was legitimized as Princess of France in 1572 and appointed Duchess of Châtellerault, Étampes and Angoulême. This was made possible by a decree from 1556/57, which allowed secret marriages without parental consent only for men over 30 and women over 25 and to which François' marriage to Jeanne had been decisive.
Due to his moderate attitude towards the Protestants he attracted the enmity of the Guisen and only barely escaped the massacre of St. Bartholomew's Night .
His connection to the royal family saved his life in 1574 when Charles IX. Had members of the so-called Malcontents (German: dissatisfied), a political group of moderate Protestants and Catholics, executed. Although François had also joined them, he was only imprisoned in the Bastille for his alleged involvement in the conspiracy . On the orders of Catherine de Medici , however, he was released after just one year because she was showing his support against the Duke of Alençon, François-Hercule de Valois , the only surviving brother of Henry III. , needed.
The son Anne was born from his marriage to Diane in September 1560, but he only died shortly after his birth in October. Since François had no other heir, the Duke title and went peerage on his younger brother Henri I. over.
See also: Montmorency (noble family)
literature
- Joan Davies: The politics of the marriage bed. Matrimony and the Montmorency family 1527-1612 . In: French History . Vol. 6, No. 1, 1992, ISSN 0269-1191 , pp. 63-95, doi : 10.1093 / fh / 6.1.63 .
- Alphonse de Ruble: François de Montmorency, governor de Paris et de l'Île-de-France . In: Mémoires de la Société de l'histoire de Paris et de l'Île-de-France . No. 6, 1879. Honoré Champion, Paris 1880, pp. 200–289 ( PDF ; 10.2 MB).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Claude Troquet, Claude Lhôte: Diane de France . In: Dictionnaire des femmes de l'Ancien Régime. Accessed August 15, 2011.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Montmorency, François de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Governor of Paris and Marshal of France |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 17, 1530 |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 6, 1579 |
| Place of death | Écouen |