Governor of Languedoc
The governor of the Languedoc has long been the equipped with great power military commander in Languedoc . He was initially the king's deputy ("lieutenant"), and it seems that the office has been largely permanent since the time of the Count of Armagnac (1352). With a few exceptions, the king elected the governor from among the houses of the French nobility, if not his own family. After the execution of the last Duke of Montmorency (1632), the Fronde , the Peace of the Pyrenees (1659) and the end of the constant threat from Spain, the role of the governor became more and more purely representative, so that since the tenure of the Duke of Maine ( from 1682) the governor no longer even resided in Languedoc.
Lieutenant-General du Languedoc
| date | Lieutenant du roi | coat of arms | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
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Jean de Marigny († 1351), |
Jean de Marigny was Bishop of Beauvais (1313-1347), then Archbishop of Rouen (1347-1351); In 1347 he received the title of Viceroy of Languedoc. |
Governors of Languedoc from 1352 until the Revolution
| date | governor | coat of arms | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1352 (November) |
Jean I (1311-1373), Comte d'Armagnac. |
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| 1357 (December 14) |
Jean de Valois (1340-1416), comte de Poitiers. |
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Jean de Poitiers, who later became Duke of Berry, had already been appointed by his father, King John II , in May 1356, before his capture, but could not go to Languedoc and take office. The Comte d'Armagnac therefore continued to represent the crown. The King confirmed this with letters made out in Windsor . The Comte de Poitiers, for his part, went hostage to England in August 1360 - in exchange for his father. |
| 1361 (January) |
Robert de Fiennes (1308–1385), Connétable of France . |
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| 1361 (November) | Arnoul d'Audrehem (1302 / 07-1370), Marshal of France . |
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Confirmed on August 13, 1362. |
| 1364 (November) |
Louis de Valois (1339-1384), duc d'Anjou. |
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Recalled May 1380. |
| 1380 (August) |
Gaston Phébus , (1331-1391) comte de Foix. |
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Bertrand du Guesclin died - already appointed - at the siege of Châteauneuf-de-Randon on July 13, 1380. |
| 1380 (November 19) |
Jean de Valois (1340-1416), duc de Berry. |
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The Regency Council formed after the death of King Charles appointed him for the second time. He then had to assert himself militarily against the Count of Foix. Around Easter 1390 he was by King Charles VI. discontinued. |
| 1390 (December) |
Louis de Sancerre (v. 1341–1402), Marshal of France. |
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He is the most important among the commissioners who Charles VI. appointed to administer the Languedoc. The others are Pierre, seigneur de Chevreuse ; the knight Pierre Mensart and the maîtres Jean de Longueil, Jean La vielle and Jean de Vite. |
| 1401 (May 9) |
Jean de Valois (1340-1416), duc de Berry. |
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3. Term of office. Deposed in April 1411. |
| 1411-1413 | Vacancy (administration of Languedoc on behalf of the King by a college of commissioners). | ||
| 1413 (February 4th) |
Jean II Le Maingre called Boucicaut (1364–1421), Marshal of France. |
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| 1413 (October 21) |
Jean de Valois (1340-1416), duc de Berry. |
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4. Term of office He remained in office until his death on June 15, 1416. |
| 1416-1419 | vacancy | ||
| 1419 (January 20) |
Jean I (1382-1436), comte de Foix. |
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Successively by Dauphin Karl (December 1418) and King Charles VI. (January 1419) appointed |
| 1420 (January) | The Dauphin withdrew the office of the Count of Foix and came to Languedoc in person until June 1420. | ||
| 1420 (August 21) |
Charles I. de Bourbon (1401-1456), comte de Clermont. |
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Appointed by the Dauphin. |
| 1424 (beginning) | Jacques II. De Bourbon, comte de La Marche (1370–1438) |
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| 1425 (January 6) | Jean I comte de Foix. |
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Reinstated by Charles VII, he remained governor until his death on May 4, 1436. |
| 1436-1440 | Vacancy (during this time Charles VII or the Dauphin Ludwig administered the Languedoc temporarily on site). | ||
| 1440 (July 5th) |
Charles IV. D'Anjou (1414–1472), comte du Maine. |
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Is represented in Languedoc by Tanneguy du Chastel (1369–1449). |
| 1466 (June 5) |
Jean II. De Bourbon (1426–1488), duc de Bourbon et d'Auvergne. |
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| 1488 (April 29) |
Pierre II. De Bourbon (1438–1503), sire de Beaujeu, duc de Bourbon. |
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| 1503-1512 | vacancy | ||
| 1512 (September) |
Charles III de Bourbon-Montpensier (1490–1527), duc de Bourbon, Connétable of France. |
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The Connétable de Bourbon was the son-in-law of Pierre de Beaujeu. After his conspiracy against King Francis I , which was revealed in August 1523, he fled France. His trial was absent, he was expropriated and deposed. |
| 1526 (March 23) |
Anne de Montmorency (1493–1567), duc de Montmorency. |
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| 1563 (May 12) |
Henri I. de Montmorency (1534-1614), duc de Montmorency. |
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| 1614 (April 2nd) |
Henri II. De Montmorency (1595–1632), duc de Montmorency. |
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Executed in Toulouse after a riot. |
| 1632 (October 22) |
Henri de Schomberg (1575–1632), Marshal of France. |
Died a month after his appointment. | |
| 1633 (July) |
Charles de Schomberg (1601–1656), duc d'Halluin, Marshal of France. |
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| 1644 (April 24) |
Gaston de France (1608-1660), duc d'Orléans. |
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Also lieutenant general to the king in Languedoc. |
| 1660 (February 28) |
Armand de Bourbon (1629–1666), prince de Conti. |
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| 1666 (March 22nd) |
Henri de Bourbon (1601–1682), duc de Verneuil. |
Illegitimate son of King Henry IV. | |
| 1682 |
Louis Auguste de Bourbon (1670–1736), duc du Maine. |
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The Duke of Maine, an illegitimate son of Louis XIV , was a minor at the time of his appointment. |
| 1737 |
Louis Auguste de Bourbon (1700–1755), prince de Dombes. |
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| 1755 |
Louis Charles de Bourbon (1701–1775), comte d'Eu. |
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| 1775 (July 27) | Louis Antoine de Gontaut (1700–1788), duc de Biron. |
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Last governor of Languedoc. He died on October 29, 1788 and was not replaced. |
literature
- Dom Claude Devic , dom Joseph Vaissète , Histoire générale de Languedoc, vol. IX (1271–1443), private, Toulouse, 1885 (reprinted 2004, ISBN 2-84575-170-2 )
- Dom Claude Devic, dom Joseph Vaissète, Histoire générale de Languedoc, vol. XI (1443–1642), private, Toulouse, 1889 (reprinted 2004, ISBN 2-84575-172-9 )
- Dom Claude Devic, dom Joseph Vaissète, Histoire générale de Languedoc, vol. XIII (1643–1789), private, Toulouse, 1877 (reprint 2005, ISBN 2-84575-174-5 )
- Jean Duquesne: Dictionnaire des gouverneurs de province , Éd. Christian, Paris 2003, ISBN 2-86496-099-0
Individual evidence
- ^ Jean Duquesne: Dictionnaire des gouverneurs de province , dates the beginning of Jean d'Armagnac's tenure on October 1, 1354.
- ↑ a b c Jean Duquesne: Dictionnaire des gouverneurs de province , does not know the governors Jean de Valois, Robert de Fiennes and Arnould d'Audrehem.
- ↑ The King of England allowed him to return to Languedoc (November 1360 - January 1361) to manage his business.
- ^ According to Jean Duquesne: Dictionnaire des gouverneurs de province , he became governor before June 1364.
- ↑ Jean Duquesne: Dictionnaire des gouverneurs de province , does not mention this governor.
- ↑ Jean Duquesne: Dictionnaire des gouverneurs de province , writes: 3rd time , although he does not list the two previous terms of office
- ↑ King Charles VI. appoints (together with the King of England) on March 3, 1422 again the Count of Foix. Charles VI died on October 21, 1422.