René de Savoie

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René de Savoie , called Le Grand Bâtard de Savoie ( it . : Renato di Savoia , * probably 1473; † March 31, 1525 in Pavia ) from the House of Savoy was Count of Villars (from 1497) and Count of Tenda (from 1501) , as well as Grand Master of France (from 1519).

Life

origin

René is the illegitimate son of Philip II (1438–1497), Duke of Savoy , and Libera Portoneri. Presumably he was born in 1473. Some authors, e.g. B. Saint-Simon , but also Germain, take over the statement from Guichenon, who confuses his mother with Bonne de Romagne, the Duke's second mistress. The Duke legitimized him in his will of 1496. René de Savoie was fourth in line to the throne behind his half-brothers Philibert , Charles and Philippe .

In connection with his recognition he received the Bresse as appanage . His legitimacy was confirmed by Philibert II in 1497, then again in 1499, especially after confirmation by Emperor Maximilian I. In 1500 he became lieutenant general of Savoy. After Guichenon he kept this office only for a short time due to Philibert's marriage with Margaret of Austria .

On January 28, 1501 he married in Tenda Anna Lascaris , heiress of the county Tenda; he was the daughter of Gianantonio Lascaris di Vintimille and Isabelle d'Anglure, and the widow of Louis de Clermont-Lodève. At the time of his marriage he was governor of Nice . At the wedding, the Count of Tenda ceded most of his property to his daughter. The marriage contract states that René de Savoie must take on the names and coat of arms of the Counts of Tenda.

Break with the Duke of Savoy

In the same year, Duke Philibert married Margaret of Austria, who persecuted René with her dislike. and in 1502 had René's legitimacy declared null and void by her father, Emperor Maximilian. Margarete, who exerted a growing influence on her husband, brought a lawsuit against René and in 1503 received the withdrawal of legitimation from Philibert.

Bonivard recounts an episode between his father and Duke Philibert II in his Geneva Chronicle: "Philibert: What do you think of Montjouvent [name of a courtier]? Will he not do you a favor like the others? Bonivard: Monseigneur, no one is the cause except You. You leave all the authority, credit and handling that are yours to your brother. Do you wonder if we follow him sooner than you? Where the honey is, there are the flies. Philibert: Don't worry, this won't last ! "

René fled to France to his half-sister, Luise of Savoy , Countess of Angoulême and mother of the future King Francis I. A trial is being conducted against him in which all of his goods in the Savoy are confiscated. The county of Villars passed into Margarete's trousseau, he only had the county of Tenda and the fiefs that were dependent on it in Provence and Liguria , which he owned from his wife's rights. Philibert II died in 1504 without any descendants, and was succeeded by his younger brother Karl .

René now accused Jacques de Bussy, Seigneur d'Eyria, to have killed Philibert II with poisoned scented apples, which were made in Lyon by a Piedmontese doctor. This doctor was tortured and confessed.

When his father-in-law Gianantonio Lascaris died in 1509, Anna and René received the homage of their vassals in Tenda as well as all dependent fiefdoms.

In French service

René de Savoie himself paid homage to the French King Louis XII on July 20, 1510 for the county of Tenda .

When Ludwig died on January 1, 1515, René's nephew Franz I was his successor. From him he received on February 11, 1515 the office of governor and the Grand Seneschal of Provence . The king, who by Louis XII. had inherited the dispute with the Confederates over the Duchy of Milan (see Italian Wars ), sent René as ambassador to Switzerland . In September 1515 he took part in the battle of Marignano . Because of his participation in this war, Francis I appointed his uncle with a patent letter of October 31, 1519 as Grand Master of France .

Around 1519/20 René de Savoie had a ship built, the Sainte Marie de Bonaventure , also known as La Grande Maîtresse , which served as an admiral's ship. This ship left Marseille on August 24, 1520 to defend the Hospitallers of Rhodes against attacks by the Ottomans; on January 6, 1521 it was back in Marseilles. During this expedition, in October 1520, the admiral Christophe de Chanoy was killed off Beirut . In May 1522, the ship took part in an expedition to help the Republic of Genoa , and was commanded by René des Savoie as Admiral and Lieutenant General Pedro de Navarra. In 1524 it took part in the defense and supply of Marseille during the siege of the city by the Connétable Charles III. de Bourbon-Montpensier . René de Savoie rented La Grande Maîtresse from June 28, 1524 to April 30, 1525 for 1500 Écu per month to his nephew, the king. After René's death, Luise von Savoyen, the king's mother, had the value of the ship appraised; Francis I then bought the ship in July or August 1526 from his aunt, the Countess of Villars and Tenda.

On January 2, 1562, Emanuel Philibert , son of Duke Charles of Savoy and nephew Renés, declared in a patent letter that Claude de Savoie, Count of Tenda, and his descendants would be entitled to inheritance in Savoy if the ruling line should die out.

At the Battle of Pavia on February 24th and 25th, 1525 he was wounded and taken prisoner; he seems to have died as a result of the wounding on March 31, 1525 in Pavia before his son could pay a ransom. He was buried in the Saint-Louis chapel of the Sainte-Marie church in Tenda.

progeny

The children of René de Savoie and Anna Laskaris are:

literature

  • Samuel Guichenon, Histoire généalogique de la Royale Maison de Savoie ou Histoire généalogique de la Royale Maison de Savoie justifiée par titres, fondations de monastères, manuscrits, anciens monuments, histoires, et autres preuves authentiques , Jean-Michel Briolo, 1660
  • François-Alexandre Aubert de La Chenaye-Desbois , Dictionnaire de la noblesse, contenant les généalogies, l'histoire et la chronologie des familles nobles de France , Volume 8, Paris, Veuve Duchesne, 1774, pp. 739–742
  • Henri de Panisse-Passis, Les comtes de Tende de la maison de Savoie , Librairie Firmin-Didot et Cie, 1889
  • Armando Tallone, Savoia, Renato di, conte di Tenda , in: Enciclopedia Italiana (1936) ( Enciclopedia Treccani online )

Remarks

  1. ↑ a b Guichenon, p. 607
  2. ↑ a b Treccani
  3. ↑ a b Michel Germain, Personnages illustres des Savoie , Autre Vue, 2007, p. 520, ISBN 978-2-9156-8815-3 .
  4. ↑ a b c Luise Clotilde Gentile, Les bâtards princiers piémontais et savoyards , Revue du Nord, No. 31, 2015, pp. 387-410, in: E. Bousmar, A. Marchandisse, Ch.Masson , B. Schnerb (eds.), La bâtardise et l'exercice du pouvoir en Europe du 13e au début du 16e siècle , Villeneuve d'Ascq, Revue du Nord, 2015 (Hors série, Collection Histoire, no . 31).
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Guichenon, p. 239f
  6. ↑ Aubert, 1774, pp. 739-742
  7. ↑ a b Comtes de Tende de la maison de Savoie , 1889, p. 6
  8. ↑ Charles de Ribbe, La société provençale à la fin du Moyen Âge, d'après des documents inédits , Paris, Perrin, 1898, p. 451
  9. ^ Charles Buet: Les Ducs de Savoie au XVe-XVIe siècle , 1878.
  10. ↑ a b Comtes de Tende de la maison de Savoie , 1889, p. 15
  11. ↑ a b Atlas historique de la Provence
  12. ↑ Max Guérout, Bernard Liou, La Grande Maîtresse, nef de François Ier: recherches et documents d'archives , Presses de l'Université Paris-Sorbonne, Paris, 2001, ISBN 2-84050-184-8
  13. ↑ Paolo Cozzo, Stratégie dynastique chez les Savoie: une ambition royale, XVI-XVIII siècle , in: Juliusz A. Chrościcki, Mark Hengerer, Gérard Sabatier, Les funérailles princières en Europe, XVIe-XVIIIe siècle: Volume I: de Le grand théâtre la mort , Les Editions de la MSH, 2015, ISBN 978-2-73511-686-7
  14. ^ A b Samuel Guichenon, Tome troisième, p. 241
predecessor Office successor
Antoine de Lévis Count of Villars
1497–1525 		Honorary II de Savoie
Arthur Gouffier de Boisy Grand Master of France
1519–1525 		Anne de Montmorency
personal data
SURNAME Savoie, René de
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Savoie, Le Grand Batard de; Savoia, Renato di
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Grand Master of France, Count of Villars
DATE OF BIRTH uncertain: 1473
DATE OF DEATH March 31, 1525
Place of death Pavia