List of Luxembourg rulers
The following list names the Counts , Dukes and Grand Dukes of Luxembourg in chronological order, structured according to the ruling dynasty .
Luxembourg was part of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation until 1795 . His ruling house provided several Roman-German emperors in the late Middle Ages . In the 15th century it was bought first by the Dukes of Burgundy and then by marriage to the House of Habsburg. Under the Habsburgs it belonged first to the Spanish , then to the Austrian Netherlands . From 1795 to 1815, the country formed the French Département des Forêts .
The Congress of Vienna restored Luxembourg as an independent Grand Duchy in 1815 . Grand Duke was the King of the Netherlands in personal union . The French-speaking western part split off during the Belgian Revolution and still forms the Belgian province of Luxembourg today . The Grand Duchy was a member of the German Confederation until 1866 . The personal union ended in 1890.
Count of Luxembourg
Wigeriche (also called Counts of the Ardennes)
- Siegfried I. , 963–998, Count in Moselgau from the house of the Dukes of Lorraine , exchanges land in Feulen for the Bockfelsen in the Alzette Valley with the St. Maximin Abbey in Trier
- Heinrich I , 998-1026, son of Siegfried, in Germany also known as Heinrich V (Bavaria)
- Heinrich II. , 1026-1047, son of Friedrich , as Heinrich VII. Duke of Bavaria
- Giselbert , 1047–1059, Count von Salm , brother of Heinrich II.
- Konrad I. , 1059-1086, son of Giselbert, calls himself the first "Count of Luxembourg"
- Henry III. , 1086-1096, son of Konrad I (does not marry and dies childless), in Germany also listed as Heinrich II.
- Wilhelm I. , 1096–1131, brother and successor of Heinrich III. (marries Mathilde von Northeim in 1105)
- Konrad II. , 1130–1136, son of Wilhelm I (without descendants)
When Konrad II dies childless as the only son of Wilhelm I and also Wilhelm's brother Heinrich III. had previously died childless, Luxembourg was passed on to Heinrich IV , known as the blind, at the behest of Friedrich Barbarossa . His mother was Ermesinde the daughter of Konrad I and sister of Heinrich III. and Wilhelm I , and aunt of Konrad II. Her first marriage was to Albert II of Dagsburg and her second marriage to Gottfried von Namur (1068–1139), the father of Henry the Blind. Luitgard (1120–1170), the sister of Conrad II, married to Heinrich II. Count von Grandpré (1125–1211), is passed over, as is Hugo von Dagsburg , Ermesinde's son from their first marriage.
House Namur
-
Henry IV the Blind, Count of Namur and Luxembourg 1136–1196, son of Ermesinde and Gottfried von Namur ; Husband in first marriage of Laurette d'Alsace († 1175) (marriage 1157, separation 1163), in second marriage with Agnes von Geldern (marriage 1171).
- Ermesinde I. , heiress of la Roche and Durbuy, daughter of Heinrich IV. And Agnes von Geldern. (marries Count Theobald von Bar in his first marriage 1196–1214 ( House Scarponnois ) and receives the county of Luxembourg back through his negotiations with Otto von Burgundy)
House Limburg-Arlon
- Walram IV. Duke of Limburg , 1214–1226, 2nd husband Ermesinde I.
- Henry V the Blonde , 1247–1281, Count of Luxembourg and Laroche and Margrave of Arlon, son of Walrams IV and Ermesinde I.
- Henry VI. , 1281–1288, son of Heinrich V.
- Heinrich VII. , 1288–1313, son of Heinrich VI., As Heinrich VII. Roman-German King 1308, Emperor 1312
- John of Bohemia (the blind), for Luxembourg like Bohemia John I, 1313–1346, son of Henry VII., Since 1310 King of Bohemia
- Karl (for Luxembourg Karl I.), 1346-1378, son of Johann, as Karl IV. Roman-German King 1346/47, Emperor 1355, pledged his home country in 1349 to Kurtrier , transferred it to his brother Wenzel in 1353 and raised it to duchy in 1354
Dukes of Luxembourg
House Limburg-Arlon
- Wenceslaus I , 1353–1383, brother of Charles, initially count, from 1354 Duke of Luxembourg
- Wenceslaus II the Lazy , 1383-1388, son of Charles IV, Roman-German King 1378, deposed in 1400, † 1419, pledged Luxembourg in 1388 to his cousin Jobst
- Jobst von Moravia , 1388–1411, nephew of Charles, Margrave of Moravia since 1375, Roman-German King 1410
- Elisabeth von Görlitz 1411–1441, † 1451, daughter of Johanns von Görlitz and heiress Jobsts von Moravia, last duchess of the House of Luxembourg, ruled for a time alone, at times together with her husbands, sold Luxembourg in 1441 to the House of Burgundy
House of Burgundy
- Philip the Good , 1443–1467, since 1419 Duke of Burgundy from a branch line of the French royal family Valois ( House of Burgundy ) acquires Luxembourg in 1443 through purchase
- Charles the Bold (for Luxembourg Charles II), 1467–1477, son of Philip the Good
- Maria , 1477–1482, daughter of Charles the Bold, married Maximilian I.
House Wettin
- William III. of Saxony , 1457–1482 Duke of Luxembourg and Saxony
House of Habsburg
- Maximilian I , 1482–1516 husband and heir to Mary of Burgundy
- Charles V (for Luxembourg Karl III.), 1516–1555 (abdicated), grandson of Maximilian, Roman-German King 1519, Emperor 1520/30, King of Spain 1516
- Spanish line of the House of Habsburg 1556–1684 and 1697–1700
- Philip II 1556–1598, son of Charles V, King of Spain ; the Netherlands, including Luxembourg, are governed by Margaret of Parma as governor
- Philip III 1598–1621, King of Spain; From 1595 to 1621 the Netherlands are under the reign of Archduke Albrecht VII.
- Philip IV. 1621–1665, King of Spain
- Charles II (for Luxembourg Charles IV.) 1665–1684, King of Spain 1665–1700
- Luxembourg under French rule 1684–1697
- Charles II (for Luxembourg Charles IV.) 1697–1700, King of Spain 1665–1700
Spanish line of the house of Bourbon
- Philip V , 1700–1712, King of Spain 1700–1746
Bavarian line of the House of Wittelsbach
- Maximilian Emanuel of Bavaria , Prince of the Netherlands , 1712–1714, † 1726
Austrian line of the House of Habsburg
- Charles VI (for Luxembourg Charles V) 1714–1740, Roman-German Emperor
- Maria Theresa , daughter of Charles VI, rules together with her husband Franz I Stephan of Lorraine , Roman-German Emperor 1745–1765
- Joseph II , Holy Roman Emperor 1765–1790
- Leopold II. , 1790–1792, Holy Roman Emperor
- Franz II / I. 1792–1795, Holy Roman Emperor until 1806, Emperor of Austria until 1835
- Luxembourg under French rule 1795–1814 as Département des Forêts
Grand Dukes of Luxembourg
House Nassau Orange
in personal union with the Netherlands until 1890 | ||
---|---|---|
Surname | in office | Remarks |
Wilhelm I. (Wëllem I./Guillaume I.) | May 31, 1815 - October 7, 1840 | abdicated |
Wilhelm II. (Wëllem II./Guillaume II.) | Oct 7, 1840 - March 17, 1849 | |
William III. (Wëllem III./Guillaume III.) | March 17, 1849 - November 23, 1890 |
House Nassau (-Weilburg)
Surname | in office | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Adolph (Adolphe) | Nov 23, 1890 - Nov 17, 1905 | lost the Duchy of Nassau through the Prussian annexation in 1866 ; he became after the extinction of the Dutch royal family in the male line Grand Duke of Luxembourg, since there was only male succession |
Wilhelm IV. (Wëllem IV./Guillaume IV.) | Nov 17, 1905 - Feb 25, 1912 | |
Maria-Adelheid (Marie-Adelaide) | Feb 25, 1912 - Jan 14, 1919 | dethroned / abdicated |
Charlotte | Jan. 14, 1919 - Nov. 12, 1964 | abdicated in favor of her son (in exile in Britain from 1940 to 1945 ) |
Johann (Jang / Jean) | Nov 12, 1964 - Oct 7, 2000 | abdicated in favor of his son |
Heinrich (Henri) | since October 7, 2000 | since the constitutional reform in 2008, the Grand Duke no longer has the right to veto |
literature
- Max Wilberg, regent tables
- Klaus-Jürgen Matz, who ruled when. Regent tables for world history , Munich 1980
Web links
- History of titles of the counts and dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (before 1467)
- History of titles of the dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (1467-1795)
- History of titles of the grand dukes of Luxembourg based on contemporary documents (since 1814)