Olivier V. de Clisson
Olivier de Clisson (* 23. April 1336 at the Château de Clisson ; † 22. April 1407 in Castle Josselin ) was due to its military capabilities and multiple paging as a wealthy feudal lord, Constable of France and leader of the French party in the Brittany one of the Key figures of the first half of the Hundred Years War .
Life
He was the son of Olivier IV. De Clisson and Jeanne de Belleville , who later made a highly remarkable career as one of the few pirates in the world. His father was born in 1344 on the orders of King Philip VI. executed who had lured him to Paris through treason . Olivier V fled with his mother to England , where he lived at the court of King Edward III. (ruled 1327-1377) was brought up together with Johann von Montfort, the pretender to the Duchy of Brittany . He took part in 1364 on the side of Montfort in the Battle of Auray (in which Olivier lost an eye), which decided the War of the Breton Succession and made Montfort as John V Duke of Brittany.
When the new duke refused to give him the forest of Le Gâvre as a reward for his services and instead handed it over to John Chandos , Olivier had Le Gâvre castle demolished in order to build a donjon a few kilometers south, in Blain , with the building materials . Thereupon Johann V confiscated his rule of Châteauceaux , especially since he had become too powerful for him - especially after the acquisition of the Josselin rule in 1370 .
Olivier de Clisson now joined Bertrand du Guesclin , the connétable of King Charles V (ruled 1364-1380) and enemy of the duke, and took part in the battles against the English who had established themselves in Guyenne . After du Guesclin's death in 1380 , Charles V appointed him his successor as Constable.
Olivier V. de Clisson became the leader of the French party in Brittany because of his immeasurable wealth. He turned Josselin Castle into an imposing fortress by equipping it with eight towers and a donjon that was 90 meters high. He paid the required ransom for Johann von Blois, the son of Duke Charles of Bretagne, who had fallen at Auray and who was in English captivity, and gave him his daughter Marguerite, known as Margot, as his wife. He married his second daughter, Béatrix, to Alain VIII. De Rohan and married Marguerite de Rohan, daughter of Viscount Jean I. de Rohan , himself .
In 1392 he was the target of an assassination attempt by Pierre de Craons , a personal enemy. Since Duke Johann V refused to extradite Craons, King Charles VI turned himself in . (ruled 1380–1422) at the head of an army to invade Brittany, but was caught in Le Mans by a first attack of his later madness.
After losing his royal protector and being deposed by the king's uncles, he reconciled with his sovereign in 1399 after 35 years of conflict. A short time later, Johann V.
Olivier de Clisson presided over the coronation ceremonies of the new Duke John VI in 1402 . (reigned 1399–1442), the young son of John V, but was not taken into account when the regency was awarded: Regent for John VI. was Philip the Bold , Duke of Burgundy († 1404 ).
His daughter Margot, who supported the claims of her husband Johann von Blois, Count of Penthièvre and Vice-Count of Limoges , to the Duchy, drew the anger of Olivier, who predicted: "Perverse, tu seras la ruine de tes enfants" - she will be the downfall of her children. In fact, two of her sons were executed for an uprising against the duke, and a third was imprisoned for 25 years. Johann VI. in turn, who took office in 1404 , took harassing measures against Olivier de Clisson, wanted to expropriate him in retaliation for a process he was instituting against him when Olivier was already dying, and only accepted financial compensation at the last moment.
Individual evidence
literature
- John Bell Henneman: Olivier de Clisson and Political Society in France under Charles V and Charles VI. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia PA 1996, ISBN 0-8122-3353-0 .
- Michael Jones: Ducal Brittany, 1364-1399. Relations with England and France during the reign of Duke John IV. Oxford University Press, London 1970.
- Stephen Turnbull: The Book of the Medieval Knight. Arms and Armor Press, London London 1985, ISBN 0-85368-715-3 .
Web links
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Clisson, Olivier V. de |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Connétable of France |
| DATE OF BIRTH | April 23, 1336 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Clisson Castle |
| DATE OF DEATH | April 22, 1407 |
| Place of death | Josselin Castle |