Taccola

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Mariano di Jacopo ( lat . Marianus Jacobus ), called Taccola (* 1381 ; † around 1453), was an Italian engineer , artist and civil servant for the city of Siena .

plant

Taccola, who referred to himself as " Archimedes of Siena", is known for his technical drawings, which were in the tradition of the artist-engineers of the Italian Renaissance and were widely received by artists and architects in his time. Taccola's designs were also known to Leonardo da Vinci and served as a source for his technical illustrations.

In contrast to his famous contemporaries like Brunelleschi , whom Taccola knew personally, Taccola's work gradually fell into oblivion after his death. It was not until the early 1960s that the original manuscripts could be found in Munich and Florence, after only handwritten copies by others had circulated for centuries. Taccola's work consists of five books:

  • De ingeneis I-IV (completed 1433)
  • De machinis (completed 1449)

The books show numerous ink drawings of technical drafts, which were provided with handwritten comments. They identify Taccola as an artist of the transition between the Middle Ages and modern times. Already a child of the Renaissance in the innovative power of his ideas, Taccola still remains stuck in the Middle Ages in the visual representation; his understanding of linear perspective remains partial and imperfect, but the function of the machines shown is clearly recognizable, even if there is a lack of detail.

Its constructions include cranes, gears and a so-called keel breaker , a submerged device used to ram holes in enemy ships.

gallery

  • First European representation of a piston pump , by Taccola (1450)

  • Overbalanced wheel and war machines, from Taccola

  • Machines, from Taccola, De ingeneis

  • Paddle-wheel boat, from Taccola, De machinis (1449)

  • Taccola's " Vitruvian Man "

literature

  • Lawrence Fane: The Invented World of Mariano Taccola , in: Leonardo (2003), Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 135-143
  • Eberhard Knobloch (Ed.): Mariano Taccola 'De Rebus Militaribus' , Valentin Koerner Verlag, Baden-Baden 1984

Web links

Commons : Taccola  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Francis C. Moon, The Machines of Leonardo Da Vinci and Franz Reuleaux: Kinematics of Machines from the Renaissance to the 20th Century (Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer, 2007), pp. 131-133
  2. ↑ Marc van den Broek : Leonardo da Vinci's ingenuity. A search for traces , Mainz, 2018, ISBN 978-3-961760-45-9 , pp. 30–31
  3. ↑ Donald Routledge Hill: A history of engineering in classical and medieval times , Routledge, 1996, ISBN 0-415-15291-7 , p. 143 [1]
personal data
SURNAME Taccola
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Jacopo detto Taccola, Mariano di (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Italian civil engineer and civil servant
DATE OF BIRTH 1381
DATE OF DEATH around 1453