Johann Spillenberger

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Philipp Kilian : Portrait of Johann Spillenberger, 1671

John of Spillenberger even Spielberger, (* 1628 in Kosice , † 1679 in Engelhartszell to Passau) was an out of the Kingdom of Hungary originating painter of Baroque , who mainly worked in Bavaria Austria and Bohemia and an important role as an art agent of the Viennese aristocracy played.

Life

Spillenberger grew up in Košice, Hungary, and learned first from his father, later from his uncle in Słupsk in Pomerania and from around 1645 from Ulrich Loth in Munich . From around 1650 he was likely to have worked as a traveling journeyman in different places in southern Germany for several years. A stay in Levoča can be documented for 1658, and in 1660 he perfected his painting skills in Venice .

After a stopover in Kitzbühel , he moved to Munich and in 1663 was involved in the design of the Bavarian electoral grand ship Bucentaur . However, no further commissions followed by the Munich court, which in the era of Ferdinand Maria and Henriette Adelheid was heavily oriented towards Italian artists. In 1664 Spillenberger, who was himself a Protestant, settled in Augsburg , which was dominated by Lutherans . Presumably through the mediation of Benedikt Faistenberger , whom he knew from his time in Kitzbühel, he received orders in Regensburg, where he also relocated his workshop. There he married Anna Maria Lidl in 1664, the daughter of the art dealer Melchior Lidl from Augsburg. The couple lived in Vienna from 1666 and had five children, including the etcher Johann Melchior Spillenberger.

Lucretia

On June 19, 1669 he was raised to hereditary imperial nobility. He received the title of imperial court painter . There was no fixed payment associated with this, but due to his high reputation he received numerous commissions from church and private clients and as a court painter he was exempt from the guild obligation. In Vienna he had his most productive creative phase, during which he created numerous paintings for the entire southern German-Upper Austrian region. His most important commission was the monumental painting “The Assumption of Mary” for the Marien Altar in the women's choir of St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna . This altar was replaced by the Wiener Neustädter Altar in 1883/84 ; the picture has been in the Wolfgangskirche in Kirchberg am Wechsel, Lower Austria , since 1941 . On his extensive travels u. a. the pictorial design of Stockau Castle and in 1674 the painting “Pentecost Sermon” in Augsburg. In 1678 he presented the draft for a new high altar for St. Peter in Munich , but it was no longer to be carried out.

When the plague raged in Vienna in 1679 , he left the city with his family in late summer. They were quarantined in the Austrian border town of Engelhartszell near Passau and Spillenberger and his wife died within a few days, while all five children survived the epidemic. Spillenberger's father-in-law Melchior Lidl took care of them.

plant

Spillenberger's role models were Titian , Tintoretto and Veronese , but the influence of Agostino Carracci , Domenichino and Johann Heinrich Schönfeld can also be recognized. In his altarpieces he mostly orientated himself on the traditional triangular composition . Because of the freer image composition, the use of light and the lively expression of his figures, he is considered to be more modern than influential German painters of the 17th century such as Pock and Sandrart .

Spillenberger was also extremely productive as a draftsman. In addition to sketching ideas and designs for paintings, there are also many independent drawings among his works. These were already in demand during his lifetime among collectors, who appreciated their elegant and subtle lines and their wealth of mood.

Pentecost sermon, Augsburg, 1674, Ev. Parish Church of the Holy Cross
  • Madonna with Andreas and Jakobus ( St. Andreas parish church , Kitzbühel), around 1660, oil on canvas
  • Death of St. Benedict ( St. Emmeram , Regensburg), 1664, 240 × 120 cm, oil on canvas
  • Assumption of Mary into Heaven ( Collegiate Church of St. Peter and John the Baptist , Berchtesgaden), 1665
  • The Emperor's Happiness in War and Peace (in the “Conclusiones Ex Vniversa Philosophica”), 1667, 86.5 × 61.5 cm, copper engraving, engraved by Bartholomäus Kilian
  • Judith with the head of Holofernes (private property, Regensburg), 99 × 75 cm, oil on canvas
  • Miracles of the Holy Night ( Dominican Church , Vienna)
  • Adoration of the Shepherds (Dominican Church, Vienna)
  • Death of Saint Ursula ( Saint Ursula , Vienna)
  • Saint Anne with Maria ( Augustinian Church , Vienna)
  • The Assumption of Mary ( St. Wolfgang , Kirchberg am Wechsel; original location St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna), 1672, 720 × 420 cm, oil on canvas
  • Pentecost sermon ( Evangelical Parish Church Heilig Kreuz , Augsburg), 1674, 272 × 202 cm, oil on canvas
  • Diana and Callisto in the Bath ( Belvedere , Vienna), before 1676, 75 × 95 cm, oil on canvas

literature

Web links

Commons : Johann Spillenberger  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Baljöhr: Johann von Spillenberger . 2003, p. 16 .
  2. ↑ Baljöhr: John of Spillenberger . 2003, p. 17 .
  3. ↑ a b Baljöhr: Johann von Spillenberger . 2003, p. 18 .
  4. ↑ Josef Weismayer: A cross returns. The crucifixion picture by Joachim von Sandrart (1653). In: The Cathedral. Bulletin of the Vienna Cathedral Conservation Association. Episode 2/2019 ZDB -ID 1054178-0 . P. 10.
  5. ^ Gertrude Aurenhammer: The hand drawing of the 17th century in Austria (=  studies on Austrian art history . Volume 1 ). Schroll, Vienna 1958, DNB  450172805 , p. 142 .
  6. ↑ Baljöhr: John of Spillenberger . 2003, p. 19 .
  7. ↑ Ruth Baljöhr: Johann von Spillenberger (1628-1679). Court painter to Emperor Leopold I . The anniversary exhibition of the Salzburg Baroque Museum will show drawings by the important baroque painter from July 18 to August 31, 2003. In: Salzburger Museumblätter . 64th year, no. 6 , July 2003, p. 4 ( museumsverein.at [PDF; 540 kB ; accessed on December 21, 2013]).
  8. ↑ Parish Church of St. Andrew. In: arch INFORM ; Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  9. ↑ The death of Saint Benedict. In: Sandrart.net. Retrieved December 21, 2013 .
  10. ↑ The Emperor's Happiness in War and Peace. In: Sandrart.net. Retrieved December 21, 2013 .
  11. ↑ Judith with the head of Holofernes. In: Sandrart.net. Retrieved December 21, 2013 .
  12. ↑ The Assumption of Mary. In: Sandrart.net. Retrieved December 21, 2013 .
  13. ↑ Pentecostal sermon of the apostles. In: Sandrart.net. Retrieved December 24, 2013 .
personal data
SURNAME Spillenberger, Johann
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Spielnberger, Johann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German painter
DATE OF BIRTH 1628
PLACE OF BIRTH Košice
DATE OF DEATH 1679
Place of death Engelhartszell on the Danube