Stockau Castle (Reichertshofen)

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Stockau Castle an der Paar with economic buildings on an engraving by Joachim von Sandrart . Ingolstadt in the background, Reichertshofen on the right
Excerpt from Sandrart's painting “The Month of November” from 1643. In the background, you can see Stockau Castle, then still owned by Sandrart's father-in-law Phillipp de Milkau.

The Stockau Castle was a Renaissance - castle in the former principality of Neuburg in Germany . In the middle of the 17th century it was owned by the well-known art historian and painter Joachim von Sandrart and later housed one of the most valuable private art collections.

Location and surroundings

It stood on the couple's south bank in what is now Reichertshofen in the district of Pfaffenhofen an der Ilm in Bavaria , which is north of the town center on the Munich – Ingolstadt railway line and is still called “the Stockau”. To Hofmark Stockau included agricultural land, stables, mills, a brewery and a temporarily Mint.

history

The ducal landscape commissioner Kaspar Griebel (1520–1606) built the castle in 1572 “by the Stockmühle” and received the court march justice . After Griebel's death, his son Xophorus inherited the Hofmark and the castle. He sold them to the Palatinate-Neuburgian Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm , as his two sons had already died before him.

During the days of the tipper and wipper , the Duke set up a mint in Stockau . Just as for the other three in the Duchy newly established mints initially Abraham had the right of coinage, for which he is a weekly of Goldkronach strike rate had to pay 1,600 guilders. On January 22, 1622, Johann Rentzsch, who had initially been a mint in the Principality of Bayreuth and then tried his hand at mints in Erlangen, Kulmbach, Amberg in the Upper Palatinate and Neustadt an der Aisch, was appointed mint master of Stockau. Because of his debts Rentzsch spent around a year in the Neuburg prison in chain custody and did not appear again as the mint master of Stockau until September 1623.

In 1636 the Calvinist merchant and banker Phillipp de Milkau, who had emigrated from South Holland for religious reasons, acquired the castle and Hofmark from the strictly Catholic duke. After Milkau's death in 1644, Stockau passed on to his only daughter Johanna and her husband, the art historian, painter and engraver Joachim von Sandrart .

Stockau and Joachim von Sandrart

During the Thirty Years' War , Sandrart invested large sums in the renovation and modernization of the dilapidated property. For this he sold drawings, engravings and paintings for a total of 22,621 guilders. He received the title of a Palatinate-Neuburg Council and a year later the Court of Justice. Located halfway between the imperial cities of Augsburg and Regensburg and between the imperial city of Nuremberg and the royal city of Munich, it was frequently visited by nobles and patricians during this time, who viewed Sandrart's paintings, drawings and engravings and often had them portrayed by him. The most prominent visitor was the Emperor's brother, Archduke Leopold Wilhelm , who paid a visit to Stockau in 1646 after seeing the pictures Sandrart had painted for him in the early 1640s at the court of the Bavarian Elector Maximilian I. A year before the end of the war, Stockau was devastated by marauding French troops in 1647, whereupon Sandrart rebuilt it after the duke had renounced his right of repurchase and converted Stockau into an allodial property.

Because he had no descendants, Sandrart sold the estate on May 9, 1670 to his friend and secret councilor Franz von Mayer († 1699), who was an influential politician at the Munich court as the Bavarian envoy to the Regensburg Reichstag .

Franz von Mayer's art collection

Under the passionate art collector Mayer, Stockau Castle housed one of the most valuable private painting collections of the time, with works by Lodovico and Annibale Carracci , Poussin , Lorrain , Elsheimer , Bocksberger , Sandrart himself, Romano , Tintoretto , Veronese and others. Mayer had the great hall of the castle painted by the painter Johann Spillenberger with frescoes depicting mythical, “ Ovidian ” scenes.

Stockau among the Jesuits and Maltese

In the early 1680s, Mayer sold the castle and part of the painting collection to the Bishop of Freising and Regensburg Albrecht Sigismund of Bavaria . After his death in 1685 it came into the possession of the Jesuit order , to which the bishop had bequeathed it in his will. When this was abolished in 1773, Stockau initially fell to the Principality of Pfalz-Neuburg and in 1783 became a commander of the Großballei Neuburg of the Order of Malta . The Bavarian tongue was founded by Duke Karl Theodor , who continued to rule Pfalz-Neuburg in personal union after his rise to the position of Bavarian Elector, in 1780 to provide for his illegitimate son Karl August Graf zu Bretzenheim .

Laying down

After the secularization of the Order of Malta in 1808, Stockau was sold and in the 19th century it became increasingly important as an industrial location. The castle was torn down around 1849, and the paper mill made way for an art mill from the Koch & Foerster company , later the Stockau-Reichertshofen-Manching factory , in 1864 .

Representations

Sandrart depicted Stockau Castle in several engravings. In his painting “The Month of November” it can be seen in the background, “and next to it a pig hunt”.

literature

  • Gerhard Krahn: The Chronicle of the Stockau. The story of a mill and a former Hofmark, at the same time a contribution to the history of the papermaking trade and coinage . Historical homeland association, Reichertshofen / Obb. 1953.
  • Gerhard Krahn: Chronicle of Reichertshofen . Reichertshofen / Obb. Market town, Reichertshofen 1963.
  • Matthias Wellnhofer: The Bavarian privy councilor and art collector Franz von Mayer . In: Journal for Bavarian State History . Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1936, p. 421-431 ( online [accessed December 17, 2013]).
  • Ivo Striedinger: Sandrart in Old Bavaria . In: Karl von Reinhardstöttner (Ed.): Research on the cultural and literary history of Bavaria . Franz, 1895.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Also in the spelling Caspar Grübel . Cf. Georg Elchinger: Two Christian funeral sermons at the funeral of the noble and strict Caspar Grübels zu Stockau Pfleger zu Reichertshoven . Ed .: Ludwig Rabus. Lauingen 1606 ( online [accessed May 27, 2013]).
  2. ^ Wellnhofer: Franz von Mayr . S. 425 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  3. ^ Wilhelm Volkert: The Jews in the Principality of Pfalz-Neuburg . In: Journal for Bavarian State History (ZBLG) . No. 26 . Munich 1963, p. 583 ( online [accessed December 26, 2013]).
  4. ^ Gerhard Schön: Coin and monetary history of the principalities of Ansbach and Bayreuth in the 17th and 18th centuries . Inaugural dissertation to obtain the doctoral degree in philosophy at LMU. Munich 2008, p. 206 f . ( Online PDF 2.15 MB [accessed December 26, 2013]).
  5. ^ History of the Reichertshofen brand. In: Reichertshofen market. Markt Reichertshofen, October 16, 2006, accessed on November 2, 2014 : "In 1636, Phillipp de Milkau, a wealthy Dutch merchant, acquired the Hofmark Stockau with castle from Duke Philipp Wilhelm's son and successor, Duke Wolfgang Wilhelm von Neuburg."
  6. ↑ Joachim von Sandrart: Curriculum vitae and works of art of the woledlen and strict Mr. Joachim von Sandrart on Stockau, Hochfürstl. Pfalz-Neuburgischen Rahts . Described and given by the same devoted cousins ​​and disciples to the greatest honor and gratitude. Ed .: Thomas Kirchner, Alessandro Nova u. a. Johann-Philipp Miltenberger, Nuremberg 1675, p. 13 ( Online [accessed on May 27, 2013] Scientifically commented online edition, 2008–2012).
  7. ↑ Andreas Tacke: Mars, the enemy of art. The effects of the war on art and artists according to Sandrart's "Teutscher Academie" . In: Klaus Bussmann and Heinz Schilling (eds.): 1648 - War and Peace in Europe . Catalog for the 26th Council of Europe Exhibition, Münster / Osnabrück October 24, 1998 - January 17, 1999. Volume 2 . Münster 1998, ISBN 3-88789-127-9 , pp. 249 ( online PDF 7.8 MB [accessed on May 28, 2013]).
  8. ^ Paul Kutter: Joachim von Sandrart. An art historical study . Heitz and Mündel, Strasbourg 1907, p. 19 ( online [accessed May 28, 2013]).
  9. ↑ Joachim von Sandrart: curriculum vitae . Ed .: Kirchner u. a. 1675, p. 17 ( Online [accessed May 27, 2013]).
  10. ↑ Tacke: Mars, the enemy of art . 1998, p. 252 .
  11. ↑ Ruth Baljöhr: Johann von Spillenberger 1628-1679. A Baroque painter . Konrad, Weißenhorn 2003, ISBN 3-87437-474-2 , p. 64 .
  12. ↑ Saskia Schäfer-Arnold: Commentary on the work of art: Stockau Castle and Estate. In: Sandrart.net. August 12, 2011, accessed December 16, 2011 .
  13. ↑ Roswitha von Bary: Henriette Adelaide. Electress of Bavaria . Unchanged reprint of the original edition Munich 1980. Pustet, Regensburg 2004, ISBN 3-7917-1873-8 , p. 277 .
  14. ↑ Joachim von Sandrart: The German Academie Andren Haupt Theils Zweyter Theil . From The Scultura, or Sculpture Art. Johann-Philipp Miltenberger, Nuremberg 1679, Des Freyherrn von Mayr Kunst-Cabinet, p. 85 ( Online [accessed May 27, 2013]).
  15. ^ Kunstkammer of Baron Franz von Mayer. In: Sandrart.net. Retrieved December 16, 2011 .
  16. ↑ Paintings for Stockau Castle. In: Sandrart.net. Thomas Kirchner, Alessandro Nova, Anna Schreurs u. a., accessed on May 27, 2013 .
  17. ^ Adrian von Riedl: Reise Atlas von Baiern . Fourth delivery. Lentner, Munich 1805, I. The Chaussée from Munich via Ingolstadt to the Upper Palatinate, p. 8 ( Online [accessed May 28, 2013]).
  18. ^ Karl Heinrich von Lang: History of the Jesuits in Baiern . Riegel and Wießner, Nuremberg 1819, p. 168 f . ( Online [accessed May 27, 2013]).
  19. ^ Order of St. John / Order of Malta. New establishment in Kurbayern. In: Historical Lexicon of Bavaria. [Bayerische Staatsbibliothek], accessed on November 19, 2011 .
  20. ↑ Notice . In: Neuburger Wochenblatt . At the same time the official and notification sheet for the royal district office, city and district court Neuburg. No.  31 , July 30, 1864, p. 138 ( online [accessed May 27, 2013]).
  21. ↑ The picture gallery in Munich. A manual for lovers and art lovers . Lentner, Munich 1787, p.  8 ( Online [accessed May 27, 2013]).

Coordinates: 48 ° 39 ′ 42.8 ″  N , 11 ° 28 ′ 6.6 ″  E