Au (Berchtesgaden)

Au Berchtesgaden market
Coordinates: 47 ° 39 ′ 6 ″  N , 13 ° 3 ′ 32 ″  E
Height :	510-960 m
Incorporation :	January 1, 1972
Postal code :	83471
Area code :	08652

Au is a district of the Berchtesgaden market in the Upper Bavarian district of Berchtesgadener Land and was an independent municipality until December 31, 1971.

Location and structure

Oberau, Unterau and remains on a map from 1826

Au is located about five kilometers northeast of the center of Berchtesgaden on the bank and on the eastern slope above the Berchtesgadener Ache , which also forms the western border. Unterau is located near the river, while Oberau, the main part of the village, extends on a plateau at a height of 850 m. The eastern border of Au forms the state border with Austria, over which a road leads to Bad Dürrnberg . To the north, Au is roughly bounded by the Nesseltalgraben and to the south by Lettengraben and Larosbach. The northern driveway of the Roßfeldhöhenringstrasse begins in Oberau .

The municipality of Au, which was independent before 1972, comprised the Gnotschaftsbezirke and districts Unterau , Oberau and Resten . The former Gnotschaftsgebiet Resten is partly located in an exclave , which is enclosed by the state forest Eck (community-free area) and is about two kilometers south of Oberau.

history

In the first tax book of the Berchtesgadener Land from 1456, Au is listed as one of its eight "original gnotships " with three "Gnotschaftsbezirken" (today's districts of Oberau, Unterau and Resten) and their "Gnotschafter" who look after them. Like the others, Au existed as a Gnotschaft until secularization in 1803 and was likely to have emerged as early as the end of the 14th century in the course of the “Landbrief” issued by Provost Ulrich Wulp in 1377 . In 1803 the Berchtesgaden Provosty was abolished and the Berchtesgadener Land lost its political independence. After three changes of rulership in quick succession, its area and its localities, including Au, were incorporated into the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810.
→ See also the sections on this paragraph: History in the Prince Provost of Berchtesgaden

Local salt and wood traders spread Reformation ideas and writings that they obtained on their travels to the Protestant cities of Augsburg, Nuremberg and Regensburg. An important nucleus of Protestantism was formed by Dürrnberg, which is neighboring in Salzburg . Here met Berchtesgaden miners from the Gnotschaften Au and Scheffau on immigrant miners from the Lutheran Saxons and were very open to their religious instruction and deals for edification. After around 70 men and women around Joseph Schaitberger had been expelled from Dürrnberg in 1686 and their children had been distributed to Catholic families, house searches in the Berchtesgadener Land increased a year later. In 1687 156 people in the Au alone were subjected to severe interrogation. Those convicted of the "wrong" belief had to pay fines and again to swear by the "correct" creed. From one is known to have locked up because of a forbidden book several days on bread and water, to which after the Sunday service pillory was placed and then "sentenced" to a pilgrimage.
→ See also the section on this paragraph: Reformation and Counter-Reformation, expulsions and emigration in Berchtesgaden

At the beginning of the 20th century there was only a connection to the public transport network in the Unterau with the stop Au bei Berchtesgaden of the local railway Berchtesgaden – Hangender Stein (1908 to 1938), so that the ascent to the Oberau could still be managed on foot . The Gartenau hydropower plant was built between 1907 and 1908 to operate this local electric railway , for which the Berchtesgadener Ache river arch was cut off by an approximately 550-meter-long canal just before the municipal border with Marktschellenberg . On the "island" formed thanks to the Ache and the canal, the Gartenau industrial area was later set up together with the power station . The Unterau and the higher-lying gnotships of the Au did not experience an expansion of the public transport network until 1929 with the establishment of a postal service to and from Berchtesgaden. The traffic then became comparatively lively from 1938 with the start of construction on Kehlsteinstrasse and Roßfeldhöhenringstrasse , whose "ring" is now closed with the help of the BGL 9 district road in Oberau and a section of the federal road 319 (Oberau - Landau - Klaushöhe).

The first Berchtesgaden Olympic champion in alpine skiing ( combination ) is Franz Pfnür , who was born in Au and won gold at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen . After the games, Pfnür was invited to Obersalzberg for coffee by Adolf Hitler and joined the SS .

The remains of the Buchenhöhe housing estate for employees and civil servants were built on Obersalzberg during the Nazi era .

As a result of the war, the community took in refugees from the eastern areas of the former German Reich . The expellees, especially German Bohemians and Silesians , could initially only be accommodated in former workers' barracks. Some of them lived until the 1960s in the Vockenbichl refugee camp in Oberau , which was built for the SS and then occupied by the US Army, or they were assigned to private houses or apartments.

In the course of the regional reform in Bavaria , the municipality lost its independence on January 1, 1972 and has been part of the Berchtesgaden market since then.

religion

• The Parish Holy Family Au maintains the parish church of the Holy Family in Oberau , after a design by Franz Rank was completed in 1908, and in the Restener settlement Buchenhöhe the Francis Church as a branch church . The parish belonged to the parish association Marktschellenberg until 2015 together with St. Nikolaus and its branch and pilgrimage church of the Visitation (Ettenberg) in Marktschellenberg . On November 1st, 2015 the parish association Stiftsland Berchtesgaden was founded, to which the three parishes St. Andreas Berchtesgaden , St. Nikolaus Marktschellenberg and Holy Family Au merged, and which was extended on June 1st, 2019 to include the parish Herz Jesu Bischofswiesen .

• The Evangelical Lutheran parish is part of the Diaspora and part of the Traunstein deanery in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria . The Christ Church serves as the main church for the parish in Berchtesgaden .

Local politics

Until the formation of the Au congregation, the Gnotships each year elected a “Gnotschafter” from their ranks. This had a variety of tasks. So belonged z. B. the collection of taxes and the forwarding of governmental orders. Also when discussing road and bridge construction measures, stream regulations, etc. he was there. As a poor carer he was responsible for the selection and support of the needy people.

With the formation of the communities according to the second community edict in Bavaria of 1818, the administration of the community went to the community committee headed by the community leader. Mayors of the municipality of Au after the Second World War were:

• 1945–1947 / 48 vacant
• 1948–1960 Anton Schaupp (Mühlauer Free)
• 1960–1971 Johann Hinterseer (Oberfrauenhof)

Well-known councilors:

• Rudolf Kriss

coat of arms

	Blazon : "In green a dull silver (white) cone topped with crossed black hammer and mallet with red handles."
	Justification of the coat of arms: The coat of arms reminds of the earlier salt mining in the municipality. The green shield color is speaking for the place name Au (= Aue).

Facilities

See also : List of architectural monuments in Berchtesgaden

• The communal Auer primary school in Oberau is a dwarf school because of its small, relatively remote catchment area . In the 18th century the children of the Au were still taught by Augustinian hermits from Dürrnberg . Their pay was four guilders or two buckets (68.4 l each) of beer per year, paid for by the Berchtesgaden Monastery.
• The Au Voluntary Fire Brigade was founded in 1903 and has over 70 active members (as of 2011).
• In winter, a shuttle bus is operated from Oberau , which brings winter sports enthusiasts to Roßfeld with its ski lifts at short intervals . From the Roßfeld the "long descent " leads directly past Oberau .

Cultural traditions

• On December 5th and 6th, St. Nicholas Day , basses (groups) of Nikolaus actors with Kramperl (fur bass) move through Oberau .
• In the Au there is the Trachtenverein D'Weißenstoana , which was founded in 1924 as the last of the nine Berchtesgaden traditional costume associations. Like the others, he belongs to the United Trachtenvereinen des Berchtesgadener Landes eV . The Weißenstoana club is the “Pechhäusl” inn. Your Schuhplattler group regularly organizes “ home evenings ” in summer .
• The Christmas Rifle Club Au eV was founded on January 1st, 1922 in the “Pechhäusl” inn and is now part of the United Christmas Rifle Club of the Berchtesgadener Land eV

Sons and daughters of the church

• Franz Pfnür called "Bi Dui" (1908–1996), former German ski racer and first Olympic champion in alpine skiing (1936)
• Burgl Fybinger (* 1945), former German ski racer .

literature

• Manfred Feulner : Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants . Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger , Berchtesgaden 1985 ISBN 3-925647-00-7
• Hellmut Schöner (Ed.), A. Helm : Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Reprint from 1929. Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1973.
• Hellmut Beautiful (Ed.): Berchtesgaden through the ages - Supplementary Volume I . Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1982 ISBN 3-87490-528-4

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld: History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works . Volume 2, from p. 145 f.
2. ↑ berchtesgaden-evangelisch.de ( Memento from November 21, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Alfred Spiegel-Schmidt: Reformation and Emigration in the Berchtesgadener Land. Text on the emigration of Protestants from the prince-provost of Berchtesgaden.
3. ↑ Manfred Feulner: Berchtesgaden - history of the country and its inhabitants. See chap. The eviction of the Protestants from Berchtesgaden. Pp. 168-169
4. ↑ ^{a b} Hellmut Schöner : Berchtesgaden through the ages . Supplementary Volume I, 1982, p. 199
5. ↑ ^{a b} Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages . Supplementary Volume I, 1982, p. 200
6. ^ Spiegel Online: Olympia - The Hidden Games , accessed on January 22, 2010
7. ↑ Topographic map 1: 25,000 ( memento from July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) - to Berchtesgaden Ost with marked exclave remains; PDF file (5.21 MB), online at gemeinde.berchtesgaden.de
8. ^ "Snippet quote" on the Buchenhöhe housing estate in the exclave remains from Winfried Nerdinger, Katharina Blohm: Building in National Socialism: Bavaria, 1933-1945
9. ↑ Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages. Supplementary Volume I, 1982, p. 204
10. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 434 .
11. ↑ A. Helm, Helmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages. 1929, church in der Au p. 12
12. ↑ Walter Brugger (ed.) Among others: History of Berchtesgaden. Volume III / 1, 1999, p. 246.
13. ↑ erzbistum-muenchen.de ( Memento from May 12, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) to the parish association Marktschellenberg .
14. ↑ https://www.berchtesgadener-anzeiger.de/region-und-lokal/lokales-berchtesgadener-land_artikel,-pfarrverband-stiftsland-berchtesgaden-offiziell-ergenöss-_arid,241495.html
15. ↑ Pfarrverband Stiftsland Berchtesgaden newly founded , review of festive pontifical vespers with auxiliary bishop Wolfgang Bischof in the collegiate church , online at stiftsland.de
16. ↑ Stiftsland Berchtesgaden , parish association structure appears after clicking on “Pfarrverband”, online at stiftsland.de .
17. ↑ Our congregations , membership of the ev.-luth. Parish of Berchtesgaden to the Evangelical Dean's Office Traunstein , online at ev-dekanat-traunstein.de
18. ↑ berchtesgaden-evangelisch.de Homepage of the Evangelical Lutheran Church Community of Berchtesgaden.
19. ↑ Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages. Supplementary volume I, 1982, p. 199 - it is unclear whether the time gap in the captions for the mayors of Au is an incorrect omission.
20. ↑ Coat of arms of the former municipality of Au
21. ↑ Hellmut Schöner: Berchtesgaden through the ages . Supplementary Volume I, 1982, p. 98
22. ^ Website of the Au Voluntary Fire Brigade
23. ↑ ^{a b c} Tourist Association Oberau: Customs and associations online at berchtesgaden-oberau.com