Dürrnberg

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Bad Dürrnberg ( village )
locality
cadastral municipality Dürnberg
Dürrnberg (Austria)
Red pog.svg
Basic data
Pole. District , state Hallein  (HA), Salzburg
Judicial district Hallein
Pole. local community Hallein
Coordinates 47 ° 39 '56 "  N , 13 ° 5' 23"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 39 '56 "  N , 13 ° 5' 23"  E
height 772  m above sea level A.
Residents of the village 847 (January 1, 2020)
Building status 260 (2001 f1)
Area  d. KG 7.29 km²
Postcodesf0 5400, 5422 Hallein
prefix + 43/6245 (Hallein)
Official website
Statistical identification
Locality code 13624
Cadastral parish number 56204
Counting district / district Dürrnberg (50205 031)
image
Bad Dürrnberg, town center, to the south before the zinc head
Former parish (1938)
Source: STAT : Place directory ; BEV : GEONAM ; SAGIS
847

Dürrnberg is a village on the ridge of the same name between Hallein and the Berchtesgaden basin directly on the German border, and a town , district and cadastral municipality of the municipality of Hallein im Tennengau (Hallein district) , Austria . Until the forced incorporation in 1938, Dürrnberg was an independent municipality .

Geography, topography

The municipality part of Hallein, self-named Dürrnberg near Hallein , officially bears the name Bad Dürrnberg , the cadastral municipality the name Dürnberg .

The place name Dürrnberg refers to the plateau in the west of Hallein, an outlet of the Roßfeld , which drops steeply to the Salzach Valley and extends westwards to the border with Germany. It belongs to the Göllmassiv , the ridge then turns to the northwest, broken by the Berchtesgadener Ache / Königsseeache at Marktschellenberg and Hangendenstein , towards the Untersberg (Kienberggrat to Geiereck).

The village has around 250 buildings with around 750 inhabitants. The village of Fischpointleiten in the north, the villages of Kranzbichl and Plaick in the south, and in the south-west, partly in Bavaria, the village of Gmerk and the individual location also belong to the locality and cadastral area, which extends to the north and south ( Single building and homestead ) Stocker . In the north the area ends directly at the ruins of Thürndl , in the south, where the Abtswald extends, before Gschwandt and the Trockentannalm (municipality of Kuchl ).

Dürrnberg's local mountain is 1336  m above sea level. A. high tines (-kogel) .

Neighboring places

Neighborhoods and cadastral communities, or districts and districts in Germany are:

Neusieden (locality)

Scheffau (Ortst. And Gmkg.)
(Both Gem.  Marktschellenberg , Lkr. Bgd.Ld. , BY , DE )

Hallein (Ortsch. And KG)
Oberau ( Gmkg.  Au , Gem.  Berchtesgaden , Lkr. Bgd.Ld. , BY , DE ) Neighboring communities Gamp (Ortsch. U. KG)
Eck (Gemfr. Geb., BY , DE ) Gasteig (Ortsch., Gem.  Kuchl ) Weißenbach (Ortsch. U. KG, Gem.  Kuchl )

geology

The heavily undulated terrain, criss-crossed by Celtic trenches, indicates the geological structure. The substrate consists of Haselgebirge , a mixture of salt , gypsum , anhydrite and other minerals that more than 250 million years ago at the bottom of a shallow lagoon of Permmeeres was deposited. However, the salt rock is not exposed, but is covered by a layer of leached Hasel Mountains at least 40 m thick.

history

Along with Hallstatt, the Dürrnberg is one of the most important places where Celtic objects were found in Central Europe. It should have been a settlement of the Alpine Celtic Ambisonts .

A fragment of Greek pottery from around 500 BC found here Chr. Testifies to extensive trade relations, whereby the salt mined here served as an export good.

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The Salzburg Archbishop Adalbert III. (1145–1200) saw competition with the salt mine in Dürrnberg and the then still Salzburg saltworks in Reichenhall , when Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa sanctioned salt mining in Berchtesgadener Land , the "undoubtedly" prehistoric settlers on the so-called Tuval near Schellenberg and on the Gollenbach, which was then forgotten and revived by the Berchtesgaden monastery . After the emperor's death in 1190, there were raids on the Berchtesgadener Land that same year. It was the beginning of the “Salzirrungen” that dragged on for decades. And after the Berchtesgadener Land - already exempted from the metropolitan authority of Salzburg in 1455 - in 1559 raised to the status of the prince provost of Berchtesgaden and thus became independent as an imperial principality , there was literally cross-border salt mining on the Dürrnberg, which caused further conflicts.

As early as the 16th, 17th and early 18th centuries, Dürrnberg was a center of the Reformation movement, which was particularly popular among miners . Thereupon, on the Berchtesgaden side, Prince Provost Jakob II. Pütrich ordered in 1572, following the example of the Archbishops of Salzburg, "several subjects on the Dürrnberg who had apostated their faith to move out of the country." In 1731 the Salzburg Prince Archbishop Leopold Anton Graf von Firmian issued the emigration edict . It forced more than 20,000 evangelicals to emigrate from Salzburg; but this was not explicitly for the bearer of lying on the Dürrnberg salt mine of Hallein : their emigration would have considerably reduced the income from mining. Nevertheless, the Protestant miners decided to emigrate illegally ( exiles ) . However, they did not choose East Prussia as their destination, like their co-religionists in Salzburg , but the Netherlands . So on November 30, 1732, the Dürrnberg moved out: 780 miners embarked in Hallein. After a long journey full of privation (100 died of a fever epidemic during the journey), almost 600 of them finally arrived on the Dutch island of Cadzand in today's Zeeuws Vlaanderen (Zeeland Flanders), and only a little more than 200 actually managed to get one there build lasting new existence.

After secularization , which resulted in the incorporation of the Berchtesgadener Land into the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1810, the Saline Convention was concluded between Austria and Bavaria in 1829 as the oldest state treaty in Europe that is still valid today, according to which 180  feudal owners (90 of them from Bavaria), The wood that was once needed for salt mining was transported over the bottom of which a deputation of one centner of salt (56 kg) was made. In addition to the Tauern gold , the Hallein salt was the economic basis for the great economic sovereignty of the Principality of Salzburg , which was not incorporated into the Austrian Empire until 1816, in accordance with the Treaty of Munich and as a result of the resolutions of the Congress of Vienna .

Up until the 1910 edition, the town of Dürnberg was named in the local directory associated with the censuses . (An exception were the special local repertories of the kingdoms and countries represented in the Reichsrathe in 1890 , which Dürrnberg noted.)

In 1938, with the "Anschluss" , when large communities were created all over Austria, the independent local community and cadastral community were compulsorily incorporated into the city of Hallein on January 1, 1939 ("Groß-Hallein").

The Dürrnberg area of ​​the Hallein municipality was recognized as a health resort in July 1976 in accordance with the Salzburger Heilvorkommen- und Kurortegesetz . According to the local directory 1981 (because of its status as a spa based on salt baths ), the district bears the prefix “ bath ”. The term Heilbad Dürrnberg referred to the health resort or the Kurrayon at least until 2000 and was also used officially in the 1980s for postal purposes.

In 1989, after more than 2½ millennia of salt mining, mining was shut down by Salinen Austria and the mine was only operated as a show mine . After a test production in December 2019, salt mining was resumed in 2020. The salt, which has only been produced in small quantities since then, is the most expensive in the Salinen Austria AG product range and is to be sold to upscale restaurants, private end consumers, locals and tourists under the name “Fleur de Sel der Alpen”.

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Bad Dürrnberg, border crossing as seen from Germany (1982)

In June 1982 the L 256 Dürrnberg Landesstraße was completed. With a length of 5.7 km and gradients of a maximum of ten percent, this leads from the Salzachtal Straße (B 159) through Hallein to the state border with Germany at the Dürrnberg border crossing .

Until the opening of the state road, Bad Dürrnberg could only be reached on a single-lane road that was up to 34 percent steep. Larger vehicles had to drive over German territory (border crossing Neuhäusl , Marktschellenberg , Bavaria) on the Dürrnberg.

From August 1952 until the opening of the Landesstraße in 1982, the main public transport for the Dürrnberg was the Hallein Salzbergbahn , a circulating gondola lift (Girak system) built with funds from the Marshall Plan , which ran from Hallein (Salzberghalle) to the Mariae Himmelfahrt pilgrimage church not far from it mountain station located at 1,550 meters in length, overcame 349 meters of altitude. At the end of the 1990s, the privatization of the railway was sought. Unsuccessful efforts and, among other things, the advantage of investments in the area of tine lifts resulted in the discontinuation: After 49 years, on September 30, 2001, the railway ran for the last time. As a result, the facility was dismantled and various plots were sold (for development).

Line 41 of the Tennengau Regional Association, operated by Postbus AG, today connects Bad Dürrnberg with the train station, the hospital and the city center of Hallein. The buses leave Hallein train station five minutes before the hour. There are stops both at the salt mine and at the ski area (Zinkenlift). The center of the village, in which the Kurhaus is located, is somewhat remote and not served by the bus route, but can be reached in around ten minutes from the Zinkenlift stop. The buses run every hour to Dürrnberg.

Tourism and sport

On the Zinkenkopf (regionally also Zinkenkogel , in Germany also only Zinken ), near Gmerk , there is a small, if necessary, artificially snowed, cross-border ski area with Berchtesgaden with 2 drag lifts and a chair lift as well as a 2.2 km long summer toboggan run since August 2000 , the longest in the province of Salzburg.

From February 2nd to 5th, 2012, the Alpine Skiing and Snowboarding competitions took place on the Zinkenkogel as part of the National Winter Games of Special Olympics 2012 .

Culture, sights and tradition

Pilgrimage Church (2012)

literature

Mining:

  • Dürrnberg research . Series of publications, ed. v. Office of the Salzburg Provincial Government, State Archeology Carolino Augusteum, Salzburg Museum for Art and Cultural History, Austrian Research Center Dürrnberg (Hallein), Prehistory Seminar of the University of Marburg, Natural History Museum Vienna and German Mining Museum Bochum, ISSN  1437-8841 , Verlag Marie Leidorf, Rahden / Westf. 1999. ( overview on vml.de ).

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Salzburg - Flachau – Krispl - 37th Hallein . In: Austrian official calendar online . Jusline Österreich (Verlag Österreich), Vienna 2002–, ZDB -ID 2126440-5 , accessed on September 17, 2013.
  2. ↑ Part of an ancient Greek bowl discovered. In: orf.at . November 6, 2019, accessed November 6, 2019.
  3. ↑ A. Helm , Hellmut Schöner (ed.): Berchtesgaden in the course of time . Reprint from 1929. Association for local history d. Berchtesgadener Landes. Verlag Berchtesgadener Anzeiger and Karl M. Lipp Verlag, Munich 1973; Pp. 108-109.
  4. ↑ Joseph Ernst von Koch-Sternfeld : History of the Principality of Berchtesgaden and its salt works. Volume 2. Joseph Lindauer, Salzburg 1815, from p. 131 f. ( Full text in Google Book Search).
  5. ^ Wilfried Keplinger: The Emigration of the Dürrnberger Miners 1732 . In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg . Volume 100. Self-published by the society, Salzburg 1960, OBV , pp. 171–208.
  6. ↑ salt handover to oldest treaty . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . December 13, 2010.
  7. ↑ OBV .
  8. ^ A b c Wilhelm Rausch (Ed.), Hermann Rafetseder (Ed.): Area and name changes of the municipalities of Austria since the middle of the 19th century . Research on the history of cities and markets in Austria, Volume 2. Landesverlag, Linz (an der Donau) 1989, ISBN 3-900387-22-2 , p. 138.
  9. ↑ Sbg LGBl 1977/24. In:  Landesgesetzblatt für das Land Salzburg , Born 1977, p. 46. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / lgs.
  10. ↑ Salt mining on the Dürrnberg again. In: orf.at. June 16, 2020, accessed June 16, 2020 .
  11. ↑ a b Celtic finds during road construction . In: auto touring , issue No. 7/1981, p. 20.
  12. ↑ Sbg Law Gazette 1996/31, Annex (...) national roads II. Procedure. In:  Landesgesetzblatt für das Land Salzburg , year 1996, p. 140, bottom right. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / lgs.
  13. ↑ Birgitta Schörghofer: Last gondola ride . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . October 1, 2001, local. Hiring for "operational and safety reasons"
  14. ↑ Rescue plans and investment package for ski areas . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . 4th December 2010.
  15. ↑ Birgitta Schörghofer: Hallein cable car before sale . In: Salzburger Nachrichten . April 19, 2001, local .
  16. ↑ Salzburger Landeskorrespondenz (Ed.): Dürrnberg comes to Olympic honors. Haslauer opened the 4th Special Olympics Winter Games 2012 for Alpine skiing in the Salzburg region. . In: service.salzburg.gv.at , February 2, 2012, accessed on April 4, 2016.
    National Winter Games of Special Olympics 2012 ( memo from January 31, 2013 in the Internet Archive ). In: specialolympics.at , accessed on September 17, 2013.
  17. ↑ Entry on Bad Dürrnberg "Lieb-Frauen Bründl" source and pilgrimage church in the Austria Forum
  18. ^ Celts Dürrnberg / Hallein . In: kelten.co.at , accessed September 17, 2013;
    Johannes Alexander Haidn (Red.): Alauni - Living History . In: alauni.at , accessed on September 17, 2013.
  19. ↑ Franz Kurz, Karl Zinnburg: 400 years Dürrenberger Knapp Music - 400 years Dürrenberger Knappen- or sword dance. 1586-1986 . Ed .: Salinen Austria, Bad Ischl. Bad Ischl 1986, OBV .
  20. ↑ Sbg LGBl 1978/56 § 3 Abs. 2. In:  Landesgesetzblatt für das Land Salzburg , year 1978, p. 85 f. (Online at ANNO ). Template: ANNO / Maintenance / lgs.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Officially, the village in the southeast extends beyond the cadastral community to the Schrambach waterfall . The small piece of terrain is uninhabited.
  2. ↑ Left, on the edge of the unpaved parking lot, the abandoned terminal building located in the Free State of Bavaria; right, at the barrier, the newly established forward German border service in the state of Salzburg on the basis of Federal Law Gazette No. 101/1971 .
  3. ↑ Natural monument 00169 Predigtstuhl am Dürrnberg .