Tuval

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With Tuval existing only from about 1180 to about 1210 was Saline referred for the first time in 1194 for the first clashes between the Archbishopric of Salzburg and the Klosterstiftskirche Berchtesgaden was witnessed in documents to this salt deposit.

location

Some suspect this Saline was "at the eastern foot of the ridge, which today Gutratsberg is" because: "The situation of the mountain Tuval can be assumed for geological reasons on the left bank of the Berchtesgaden Ache, as only larger there occurrence of saline Hasel Mountains happen."

However, according to Rudolf Palme , the location of the saltworks does not seem to have been finally clarified. Surmised August Prinzinger d. Ä. the location of the salt works called Tuval in Neusieden am Mehlweg , today's districts of Marktschellenberg in Berchtesgadener Land . And even the assignment of the designation itself was still considered controversial in 1915. For example, Franz Valentin Zillner , a contemporary of Prinzinger, equated them not only with a saltworks in 1879, but with the “Salzburg – Berchtesgaden'schen Salzgebirge”, which was supposed to encompass a range of mountains with several peaks between Hallein and Berchtesgaden . According to this, the current state border between Austria (Land Salzburg) and Germany (Bavaria) has been running in a north-south direction across the Tuval, following the watershed almost exactly, under the corresponding aristocratic signs since the Middle Ages . At the foot of the steeply sloping eastern flank of the Tuval, the towns of Hallein with its districts or settlements of Gamp , Kaltenhausen , Au , Rif and Taxach and the Grödig districts of Gartenau and St. Leonhard, on the Bavarian, rather gently sloping western side of the Tuval, would lie on the Austrian side the border point on the Hangendenstein pass , Marktschellenberg with the Oberstein district , the Berchtesgaden district Unterau , Berchtesgaden and Schönau am Königssee .

history

The disputes between the prince-archbishopric of Salzburg and the monastery and (from 1559) the prince-provost of Berchtesgaden , which began in the 12th century on the Tuval river because of the salt, dragged on for centuries as recurring salt errors, which also resulted in mutual attacks and finally in the so-called ox war in 1611 found a high or low point.

According to an information board on the way to the Gutrat castle ruins (see fig. Below), Archbishop Adalbert III probably commissioned the project . Around 1198 the burgraves of Hohenwerfen , on the summit of a limestone rock, which is now known as the "Gutratsberg", "to build a castle to secure the salt deposits." The burgraves have called themselves "Guetrater" since then, the castle that was built 100 years later had lost its military importance, fell into disrepair from 1304. Some today equate the mountain from which the rock protrudes with the Tuval itself or at least suspect “at the eastern foot of the ridge, which is now called Gutratsberg ”, the saltworks once called “Tuval”.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Rudolf Palme : Cross-border salt production in the Middle Ages , pp. 12-14. In: Jürgen Schneider (Hrsg.): Natural and political limits as a social and economic challenge: from April 18 to 20, 2001 in Aachen , Franz Steiner Verlag , Stuttgart 2003. ISBN 978-3-515-08254-9 .
  2. ↑ Peter Wiesinger , Albrecht Greule : Baiern and Romanen: On the relationship between the early medieval ethnic groups from the perspective of linguistics and name research. Narr Francke Attempto , Tübingen 2019, ISBN 978-3-7720-8659-5 , p. 181 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  3. ^ A b Johannes Lang : Studies on Bavarian Constitutional and Social History / St. Zeno in Reichenhall: History of the Augustinian Canons' Monastery from its foundation to secularization , Salzburg, Univ., Diss., 2001; Commission for Bavarian State History , Munich 2009. ISBN 978-3-7696-6878-0 ; P. 295 + footnote 282.
  4. ↑ History of the Berchtesgaden salt mine , information with a clear map of the location of the presumed Tuval, online at badreichenhallwiki.eu
    Quote from Stefan Kellerbauer: The salt deposits of Berchtesgaden - geology and exploration , In: Berchtesgaden salt mine (ed.): History of salt mining in Berchtesgaden . Berchtesgaden 2017.
  5. ↑ Andreas Hirsch: It all started with a forged certificate , article in Heimatblätter , supplement to Reichenhaller Tagblatt and Freilassinger Anzeiger from March 27, 2017, PDF file, online at heimatkundeverein-reichenhall.de
    Quote: “In the years 1193/94 began the canons of the 'Tuval' with a salt mining, which is mostly located on the eastern flank of the Gutratsberg, northeast of Marktschellenberg. "
  6. ↑ Rudolf Palme: Cross-border salt production in the Middle Ages , p. 14, footnote 22.
  7. ↑ August Prinzinger the Elder Ä. : The Tuval in the dispute between the ore monastery of Salzburg and the princes of Berchtesgaden. In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg . Volume 27, 1887, pp. 518-527 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  8. ^ Hermann Friedrich Wagner: Topography of Alt-Hallein. In: Communications from the Society for Regional Studies in Salzburg. Volume 55, 1915, pp. 45, 46 ( PDF (7.4 MB) on ZOBODAT ).
  9. ^ Franz Valentin Zillner : On the history of the Salzburg salt system . Salzburg 1879, p. 19ff. ( Digitized versionhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fanno.onb.ac.at%2Fcgi-content%2Fanno-plus%3Faid%3Dslk%26date%3D1880%26page%3D21%26size%3D48~GB% 3D ~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D ).
  10. ↑ A. Helm : Berchtesgaden in the course of time , keyword: history of the country, pp. 108-109.
  11. ↑ On the information board (see fig. Below) it says: "Around 1198 Archbishop Eberhart II commissioned the Burgraves of Hohenwerfen ..."
    But Archbishop Eberhart II did not take office until 1200 and was successor to Archbishop Adalbert III.
  12. ↑ Peter Wiesinger , Albrecht Greule : Baiern and Romanen: On the relationship between the early medieval ethnic groups from the perspective of linguistics and name research. Narr Francke Attempto , Tübingen 2019, ISBN 978-3-7720-8659-5 , p. 181 ( limited preview in the Google book search).