Ox War 1611
The 1611 Ox War , also known as the Salt War , was a military conflict between the Prince Archbishopric of Salzburg and the Duchy of Bavaria in October 1611.
trigger
Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau came into conflict with the Duchy of Bavaria. Even his absence from the Catholic League ran counter to the policies of Maximilian of Bavaria . Another point of contention was the price of salt, on the one hand because of the income from the Hallein mine , on the other hand because Duke Maximilian I wanted to double the tariffs on Salzburg goods. The ultimate cause of the outbreak of the conflict was the salt-rich and imperial- independent prince-provost of Berchtesgaden , over which Salzburg always wanted to expand its influence. At that time, however, she was strongly influenced by Bavaria, her prince provost at that time was the Wittelsbacher Ferdinand of Bavaria .
course
In the spring of 1611 the dispute over the annual salt settlement between Archbishop Wolf Dietrich and the ducal officials escalated. On the night of October 7th to 8th, 1611, Wolf Dietrich had the prince-provost of Berchtesgaden occupied by his troops in order to enforce his rights. This turned out to be a mistake, as the Bavarian duke, as the district bishop of the Bavarian Reichskreis, was authorized to secure the peace within the district. Maximilian took advantage of this and marched with 10,000 men on October 22nd near Tittmoning on Salzburg territory. Tittmoning Castle was conquered after a short siege. Wolf Dietrich fled Salzburg on October 23 . On October 26th Maximilian marched into Salzburg without a fight. Wolf Dietrich was captured by Bavarian soldiers in Carinthia the following day and forced to abdicate on March 7, 1612. See also Turmtaler # Coin history contexts .
Effects
Wolf Dietrich's nephew Markus Sittikus von Hohenems was elected as the new archbishop by the cathedral chapter on March 18, while still under the Bavarian occupation . In return, the latter agreed to the conclusion of a new salt contract between Salzburg and Bavaria and agreed to pay the war costs. The episcopal ordination donated Markus Sittikus on 7 October 1612, the Bishop of Chiemsee , Ehrenfried von Kuenburg . A few days earlier, Markus Sittikus had been ordained a priest. He kept his uncle Wolf Dietrich prisoner until the end of his life, he was first imprisoned in the Hohenwerfen Fortress and later in the princely parlor of the Hohensalzburg Fortress in strict solitary confinement. He scratched the following slogan on the wall of Hohenwerfen Fortress (destroyed in the fire in 1931): “Be vil deception in the world - do right and fear lies. - I was cheated on - I did right and was ... "
Despite the circumstances in which he came to power, Markus Sittikus von Hohenems was not a puppet of Maximilian of Bavaria , but continued Wolf Dietrich's policy. He also did not join the Catholic League . This kept the Prince Archdiocese of Salzburg out of the Thirty Years War .
literature
- Hugo Altmann: The Bavarian stance on the question of the release of the former Salzburg Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau in the years 1612 to 1615 , in: ZBLG 46 (1983), pp. 37-80 ( digitized version )
