Coming Ramersdorf

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Upcoming Ramersdorf (2008)

The Teutonic Order Commander Ramersdorf in Ramersdorf , a district of the Beuel district of Bonn , was founded around 1230 and existed as Commander of the Teutonic Order until the secularization in 1803. Subsequently, the buildings and properties preserved in Ramersdorf went into changing private ownership. After a fire in 1842, the entire complex was rebuilt in the neo-Gothic style. In the early 1970s, a citizens' initiative succeeded in preserving the building when the A 59 and A 562 motorway junction was built .

history

The place where the Coming was built is first mentioned in a document in the 9th century. The Cassius monastery in Bonn had properties in Ramersdorf, and Heisterbach Abbey also received interest and tithes there .

Coming (pen drawing / 1569)

The Ramersdorfer Kommende was one of the 300 or so commendants of the Teutonic Order, which arose from 1200 to 1300 in Europe in connection with the Crusades . The founding document of the Ramersdorfer Haus has been lost. Therefore, the exact year of foundation is not known, nor the details of the circumstances that led to the foundation. St. George's Chapel , which has been preserved to this day and originally belonged to the Kommende , was built between 1220 and 1230. This suggests that the other historic Kommende buildings were built at the same time. Count Heinrich III is most likely to come as the founder of the Coming . von Sayn and his wife Mechthild in question. The first written document naming the coming dates from 1254.

The most important task of the coming was to provide economic services for the Teutonic Order. After the crusades and the loss of importance of the Teutonic Order , these tasks were dropped. The Kommende Ramersdorf lost its convent and became the seat of the nobility, on which the Komtur was the only representative of the order to administer the extensive possessions. During the 18th century, the commander and the judge of the Löwenburg office also had his residence in the buildings .

After secularization

After the secularization, the buildings of the Kommende Ramersdorf came into the possession of the Duchy of Berg and went with Napoleon to the Grand Duchy of Berg . The 1807 sold the system to Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck . The prince did not live in Ramersdorf, but at Dyck Castle . For a long time only one manager lived in the facility. Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck's stepdaughter, Baroness von Francq, took over the building, which has meanwhile been spruced up into a castle, with all the properties belonging to it. In 1881 she sold the Kommende to the merchant Rudolf Herberz from Uerdingen . Three years later, Baron Albert von Oppenheim acquired the castle .

today

Coming Ramersdorf

In 1940 the palace and park were sold to the Deutsche Reichsbahn and the inventory of the commander was auctioned. The buildings survived the Second World War without damage, although the German Wehrmacht had set up an ammunition dump near the castle .

After the war, service groups of former German prisoners of war who had been committed by the British occupying forces were initially housed in the Kommende. After the service groups were withdrawn or dissolved, the Deutsche Bundesbahn set up a training facility in the Kommende. Up until 1973 classes and boarding school accommodation took place there. Since then the building has been falling into disrepair and threatened to be demolished in the course of the construction of the A 59 and A 562 motorway junction. An initiative by citizens, including Heinrich Neu , succeeded in preventing these plans and saving the castle.

In 1978 the Federal Property Office found a buyer in the family of the antique dealer Wolfgang Bartel. The buyer carried out extensive renovation work that spanned a period of three years. After the renovation, the Coming House contained a permanent exhibition of fine furniture from different centuries as well as an antique shop. In addition, a hotel and a restaurant with a café were set up in the former English wing. In 2017, Wolfgang Bartel sold the upcoming one to a Cologne investor community. Since then, it has been carefully renovated and the hotel has been expanded by five suites. The restaurant was taken over by the Cologne restaurateur Salvatore Luca.

Even under the new management, the city of Bonn is offering the possibility of civil weddings on selected dates in the rooms of the coming party.

structure

A different number of knight brothers belonged to the convent of a Teutonic order commander under one commander. In the literature, the number twelve is mentioned for Ramersdorf. In addition to the brothers, there were also half-brothers on the Ramersdorfer Kommende. A document from 1300 records the entry of a half-brother who was named Hermann von Dorflur and who donated part of his property to the Ramersdorf house.

About twelve to fifteen comedians were organized in a ballroom headed by the land commander. The order as a whole was led by the Grand Master , to whom some comedians and balles were directly subordinate. This also applied to Ramersdorf until 1371. After that, the Coming Party was incorporated into the Alden Biesen Ballei .

Commander

In the 13th and 14th centuries, the commander of the Ramersdorfer Kommende were mostly sons of Rhenish aristocrats, ministerials and city patricians .

One of the most important commander in Ramersdorf was Eberhard von Virneburg . Before he took over the office in the Rhineland in 1328, he had already held the highest offices in the service of the Teutonic Order in Prussia . After he had been Komtur in Marienburg from 1298 to 1304 , he took over the office of Oberstspittler in 1309, who was one of the order's major commanders .

Ramersdorf Commander

  • Werner (1251–1254)
  • Simon de Gandavio (of Ghent ) (1264-1270)
  • Bertold (1282)
  • Gerard von Runkel (1285–1291)
  • Gerard von Westerberg (1291–1296)
  • Robbo von Drachenfels (1304-1324)
  • Eberhard Hardevust (1326)
  • Eberhard von Virneburg (1328)
  • Walram von Tomberg (1338-1341)
  • Simon van der Tempel (1352-1359)
  • Diederich von Winterscheidt (1358)
  • Johann called Jhesus (1366)
  • Hendrik van Leeuwen (before 1371)
  • Diederik van Gemert (1444)
  • Arnold von Reeck (1450)
  • Franz von Reuschenberg (1533–1539)
  • Johann von Goer (1539–1547)
  • Heinrich von Reuschenberg zu Setterich (1551–1556)
  • 1572-1580 vacancy
  • Edmond von Reuschenberg zu Overbach (1580–1591)
  • Johann von Reuschenberg zu Selikum (1591–1610)
  • Johann von Eynatten (1610)
  • Johann Raitz von Frentz (1610–1612)
  • Hendrik von Kolf von Vettelhoven (1612–1631)
  • Wilhelm von Metternich zu Müllenark (1631–1638)
  • Edmond Godfried Freiherr von Bocholtz von Orey (1638–1649)
  • 1649-1661 vacancy
  • Ferdinand von Rolshausen zu Butgenbach (1661–1663)
  • 1663-1669 vacancy
  • Bertram Wessel from Loe zu Wissen (1669–1671)
  • Wilhelm Dietrich von Kolf von Vettelhofen (1672–1677)
  • Rutger Kaspar von Schöller zu Schöller (1677–1682)
  • Friedrich von Renesse (1682–1683)
  • Heinrich Theobald von Goldstein (1685–1690)
  • Heinrich Schenck von Nideggen (1691–1697)
  • Johann Wilhelm von Kesselstadt (1697)
  • Bertram Anton von Wachtendonk (1699–1707)
  • Johann Hermann Spies von Büllesheim (1707–1715)
  • 1715-1719 vacancy
  • Johann Josef van der Noot (1719–1721)
  • Johann Kaspar von Hillesheim zu Ahrental (1721–1729)
  • 1729-1738 vacancy
  • Caspar Anton von Belderbusch (1749–1751)
  • Franz Theodor von Rump zu Crange (1751–1753)
  • Lothar Franz von Horneck zu Weinheim (1755–1757)
  • Ferdinand Josef von Haecke (1757–1758)
  • 1758-1761 vacancy
  • Karl Ernst von Voit zu Salzburg (1761–1762)
  • Franz Johann von Reischach (1762–1767)
  • Franz Nikolaus von Kolf zu Vettelhoven (1767–1770)
  • Theodor Franz de Croix d'Heuchin (1770–1771)
  • Heinrich-Johann von Droste zu Hülshoff (1771–1776)
  • Josef Franz von Schaesberg (1776–1778)
  • Heinrich August Marschalk von Ostheim (1778–1784)
  • Fredrich Wilhelm von Bentinck (1784–1794)
  • Wilhelm Eugen de Wal (1794–1809)

Possessions

The actual endowment of the Ramersdorfer Kommende is unknown. A number of foundations in the 13th century are documented. However, in the second half of this century, the number of donations decreased.

A foundation from this time took place in 1254. In that year, the abbot “Gottfried von Siegburg ” transferred to the hands of his brother Werner, the then Commander, departmental fiefs in Birgel and Muffendorf , which had been in the hands of the knight “Theodorich von Muffendorf ”were. The Abbey Siegburg proved at all as a promoter of Coming. Her abbot Dietrich I gave the house a tithe in 1266, which was held by the convent of the Premonstratensian monastery Schillingscapellen on the foothills . Two years later, when her son joined the Teutonic Order, the widow of the knight "Heinrich von Breitbach" gave his entire paternal inheritance and a farm near the village of Breitbach to the house in Ramersdorf. At the end of the 13th century the Kommende received two further donations: On December 31, 1297 two brothers, Simon, the former pastor of the church in Hamm , which belongs to the Bonn St. Cassiusstift , and "Johann von Hunefe" ​​( Honnef ) gave the convent in Ramersdorf all of its goods subject to the usufruct for life. Two years later, on November 20, 1299, the Bonn couple Harpern and Aley decreed that their fields in Bursdorf should belong to the Coming Party after their death under certain conditions.

But foundations were not the only way to acquire goods for the future. In addition, fields, vineyards and forests came into the possession of the facility through purchase, exchange, lending and leasing.

Further possessions of the commander were in Hersel , Küdinghoven , Oberkassel , Oberpleis-Bellinghausen ("Bellenkusen"), Ollheim ("Olme" or "Olmene"), Ramersdorf . The glory and the village Hersel gave Archbishop Dietrich of Cologne in the 15th century the Landkomtur Ivan Corte Bach to reward his services against the Hussites .

Building history

Site plan of the Coming - 1845

From the original layout of the building from the 13th century, the "cores of the rising part of the wall", the double gate system with passage and pedestrian gate and the St. George's Chapel, which was transferred to the Old Cemetery in Bonn in 1846/1847, have been preserved in today's building.

The earliest representation of the building was in the 16th century. An engraving by Romeyn de Hooghe , which was created around 1700, provides a detailed picture .

building

De Hooghe's engraving reveals four parts of the building: gate, courtyard, main building and chapel.

goal

Romanesque capital of the gate
Medieval gate

The buildings were accessed through two passages in trachyte , through a large, round arched gate and a smaller pointed arched gate next to it. "The leaf capitals of the pillars supporting the round bulge and the round bar placed in the apex of the ogival passage date this portal to the latest Romanesque ", the time in which the Coming was created.

court

The visitor entered a courtyard through the driveway. The chapel stood on the north side, while two smaller buildings erected at different times and the narrow eastern side of the main building were on the west side. On the east side there was a wall, in front of which a small building stood in the courtyard.

main building

The main building was an elongated building with a rectangular floor plan. It stretched from east to west, had two storeys and around 1700 had cross- lattice windows , which were probably added to the building some time after the building was built. In the middle of the south side was a risk-like porch of three-axis windows. There was a tower next to it, probably for the stairs. There was a small one-story building on the narrow western side and another annex on its northern side. Opposite the north side of the main building were single-storey farm buildings, the western wing of which is identified as a coach house through the large driveways .

chapel

The George Chapel was built as a three-aisled hall structure. It is 14.20 m long and 7.70 m wide. The chapel had a tower that was on the south side, close to the side choir .

Remodeling in the 19th century

2008
Castle courtyard with fountain - in the background the "English wing"

As a result of the secularization, the Kommende, which had already changed several times, was converted into a palace complex in the 19th century. In 1842 the wing, which can be attributed to the Baroque, was changed, "from the same time frame, slope and terrace walls with turrets date".

The articulated building and the monumental "bergfried" with a round staircase on the southeast wing were added according to plans by Edwin Oppler in the 1860s, and in 1885 Wilhelm Hoffmann expanded and revised the existing complex in Gothic-style shapes based on the Drachenburg . The present castle courtyard with a fountain was built at this time. The "English wing" was added as a brick wall at the end of the 19th century.

"The colored ceiling frames and wall paneling in many of the rooms are a significant example of the decor of historicism ".

Outdoor area

(Former) park entrance

Towards the end of the 19th century, a park outside the palace was laid out under the direction of Wilhelm Hoffmann. He owns a valuable population of rare conifers .

A gate system in neo-Gothic style was built in 1884 to access the park. A coat of arms adorns the upper arch field. In the lower part of the coat of arms, two crowns flank an anchor. In the upper part there is a star, above it the protective mask of a knight's armor with a helmet plume and ribbons.

The gatehouse built behind the gate is now privately owned and, after having been neglected for many years, has been stylishly restored.

The remaining parts of the park are now being cut up by highways.

The coming cross

Coat of arms of the "Kommendekreuz"
"Coming Cross"

A wayside cross belonged to the outside area of ​​the commander , which is today on an access road to the castle. The cross must be from the second half of the 17th century.

In the inventory of the Vilich mayor's office, to which Ramersdorf belonged, the cross is referred to in 1858 as the "Commendation Cross". It is dedicated to Gottfried Freiherr von Bocholtz von Orey. From May 20, 1642 to September 2, 1649 he was Komtur in Ramersdorf. In 1658 he became land commander of the Alden Biesen Ballei.

The inscription on the cross reads:

"EMVNT GOTTFRI / ED BARON OF / BOCHOLTZ VOREY HE / RR ZV GRANVILLE, TEV / TSCHEN ORDENSRITER / COMMENTHVR ZV MAS / TRICHT LANDCOMMEN / THUR DER BALLEY ALDE / BIESEN, FREYHERR ZV GEME / T, FDRODE DEN VN APRILIS "

A coat of arms divided into four is placed above the inscription . In fields 1 and 4 you can see the Teutonic Cross, in fields 2 and 3 three lion heads - the Bocholtz coat of arms.

Sources

The archive of the Teutonic Order Coming Ramersdorf is "poorly handed down". As part of the archive of the former Ballei Alden Biesen, 18 Ramersdorf originals are located in the Düsseldorf State Archives. The central archive in Vienna preserves significantly more originals, although these do not go beyond the period after 1400. Two copies in the possession of the State Archives in Düsseldorf offer a replacement .

literature

  • Andreas Denk , Ingeborg flag : Architectural guide Bonn. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-496-01150-5 , p. 141.
  • Heinrich Neu : The History of the Teutonic Order Commander Ramersdorf. (= Bonner Geschichtsblätter, Volume I.), Bonn 1937.
  • Heinrich Neu: The Teutonic Order Coming Ramersdorf - History of a Rhenish House of the Teutonic Knight Order. Bonn 1961.
  • Christian Schüller: The German Order Coming Ramersdorf - Notes on its building history and its fate in the 19th and 20th centuries. Essays on the preservation of monuments and history No. 4/1988.
  • Alexander Thon, Manfred Czerwinski: The most beautiful castles in Germany - Middle Rhine Valley from Rüdesheim to Bonn (CD-ROM). Superior, Kaiserslautern 2003, ISBN 3-936216-08-8 .

Web links

Commons : Coming Ramersdorf  - Collection of Images
  • Castle Hotel Coming
  • Material on the Coming Ramersdorf in the Duncker Collection of the Central and State Library Berlin: Part 1 (PDF; 242 kB), Part 2 (PDFs; 236 and 233 kB)

swell

  1. ^ H. Pauen: The monastery manor Heisterbach. (= Contributions to the history of the old monasticism and the Benedictine order, edited by J. Herwegen 4), Münster 1913, pp. 67 and 137
  2. J [ohann] J [oseph] Brungs : The city of Honnef and its history . Verlag des St. Sebastianus-Schützenverein, Honnef 1925, p. 125 (reprinted 1978 by Löwenburg-Verlag, Bad Honnef).
  3. Holger Willcke: The good spirit leaves the Palace General-Anzeiger Bonn, June 10, 2017
  4. Christian Schüller: Die Deutschordenskommende Ramersdorf - Notes on its building history and its fate in the 19th and 20th centuries , p. 13
  5. Heinrich Neu: The history of the Teutonic Order Commander Ramersdorf. P. 128
  6. Heinrich Neu: The history of the Teutonic Order Commander Ramersdorf. P. 129
  7. Heinrich Neu: The history of the Teutonic Order Commander Ramersdorf. P. 129 f.
  8. Archives in NRW: Findbuch (120.23 Altenbiesen, Deutschordensballei)
  9. Christian Schüller: Die Deutschordenskommende Ramersdorf - Notes on its building history and its fate in the 19th and 20th centuries , p. 17
  10. a b Heinrich Neu: The story of the Teutonic Order Commander Ramersdorf. P. 144
  11. a b Andreas Denk, Ingeborg Flagge: Architekturführer Bonn , p. 141
  12. Christian Schüller: Die Deutschordenskommende Ramersdorf - Notes on their building history and their fate in the 19th and 20th centuries , p. 71
  13. Archives in NRW: Findbuch (120.23 Altenbiesen, Deutschordensballei)

Coordinates: 50 ° 43 ′ 32.1 ″  N , 7 ° 9 ′ 37.3 ″  E