Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck

Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck

Joseph Franz Maria Anton Hubert Ignatz Prince and Old Count zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (born September 4, 1773 at Dyck Castle near Neuss ; † March 21, 1861 in Nice ) was a German amateur botanist from the Salm-Reifferscheidt family and owner of the castle Dyck . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " Salm-Dyck ".

Origin and career

Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck was the son of former count Franz Johann Wilhelm von Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck and Auguste, née Countess von Waldburg zu Zeil and Wurzach (1743–1776). After his training at the Jesuit College in Cologne , he traveled to Vienna , Brussels and Paris for private scientific studies . The sovereignty of his county was lost after the annexation of the Rhineland by revolutionary France. In repeated trips to Paris, he ensured that his family's property was preserved. He regularly used his stays in Paris for scientific purposes. The important park of Dyck Castle was designed from 1794 under Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck in the style of an English landscape garden (garden architects: primarily Thomas Blaikie , but also Maximilian Friedrich Weyhe and Peter Joseph Lenné ); the baroque garden from the 18th century was given up.

His first marriage to Countess Marie Therese zu Hatzfeld (1776–1838) was divorced in 1801 after 10 years. By this time, the two children who had emerged from the marriage had already died. In 1803 he married the writer Marie Constance Pipelet , née de Theis, who was also divorced. The couple spent the winter months in Paris for the next 20 years. Her house became a social center for scholars and artists. In 1805 he became a member of the legislative body of Paris, as well as captain of the wolf hunt and chancellor of the 4th cohort of the Legion of Honor. In 1809 he was made Count of the Empire (comte d'Empire) by Napoleon.

King Friedrich Wilhelm III. raised Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck to hereditary prince in 1816. On April 15, 1817, he was appointed major and battalion commander of the Rhenish Landwehr. There he was appointed leader of the 2nd contingent of the 2nd Battalion on November 6, 1818. On March 26, 1820, he came to Neuss as leader of the 2nd contingent of the Landwehr battalion of the 39th Infantry Regiment. Since 1826 the prince was a member of the Rhenish Provincial Parliament . On October 18, 1840, he received the Order of the Red Eagle, 2nd class, and on December 11, 1840, the character of colonel. In 1847 he belonged to the first and in 1848 to the second United State Parliament . On October 17, 1850, he was released from his position as leader and became chief of the 17th Landwehr Regiment. He became a hereditary member of the Prussian mansion in 1854 , and on May 22, 1858 he was given the status of major general.

Work as a botanist

Contemporary representation of his residence

The prince himself was a recognized private scholar and author of botanical works, in particular of the Hortus Dyckensis , and set up a library , mainly with works of botany (after auction today scattered all over the world). In the Hortus Dyckensis , the lord of the castle documented all of the plants grown in the park and gardens of the complex. He was particularly interested in the succulent plants. With Cacteae in horto Dyckensi cultae he published an important book on the systematics of the cactus plants . This book describes all cactus genera and species newly published since 1837 and lists all synonyms and literature sources. This work lasted until 1899. Only then was a new book on the cactus systematics published by Karl Moritz Schumann with the complete description of the cacti .

Honors

In 1819 he was elected a member of the German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina .

After Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck, the plant genera became Dyckia Schult. f. from the bromeliad family (Bromeliaceae), Reifferscheidia C.Presl from the rose apple family (Dilleniaceae), Salmiopuntia Frič ex Guiggi from the cactus family (Cactaceae) and also Salmea DC. and Salmeopsis Benth. named from the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

Fonts (selection)

Catalogs of his garden

Title page of Cacteae in horto Dyckensi cultae anno 1849 , which is considered to be one of his major works.

• List of Plantes Grasses, Cultivées dans les Jardins de M. le Comte de Salm, à Dyck . Düsseldorf around 1809.
• Plantae succulentae horti Dyckensis . Düsseldorf 1816.
• Directory of the different types and varieties of the sex Aloe […] Düsseldorf 1817 (online) .
  • Catalog raisonné des espèces et variétés d'Aloées […] Düsseldorf 1817.
• Plantae succulentae horti Dyckensis . Düsseldorf 1820.
• Observationes botanicae in horto notatae . Cologne 1820.
• Observationes botanicae in horto notatae . Cologne 1821.
• Observationes botanicae in horto notatae. Anno 1822 . Cologne 1822 (online) .
• Index plantarum succulentarum in horto Dyckensi cultae . Aachen 1822.
• Index plantarum succulentarum in horto Dyckensi cultarum . Aachen 1829 (online) .
• Index plantarum succulentarum in horto Dyckensi cultarum . Aachen 1834.
• Hortus Dyckensis Or directory of the plants growing in the botanical garden in Dyck . Arnz & Comp., Düsseldorf 1834 (online) .
  • Hortus Dyckensis ou Catalog des plantes cultivées dan les jardins de Dyck . Arnz & Comp., Düsseldorf 1834 (online) .
• Cacteae in horto Dyckensi cultae anno 1841 additis tribuum generumque characteribus emendatis . Düsseldorf / Bonn 1841.
• Cacteae in horto Dyckensi cultae anno 184 . Düsseldorf 1842.
• Index plantarum succulentarum in horto Dyckensi cultarum . Aachen 1843.
• Cacteae in horto Dyckensi cultae anno 1844 additis tribuum generumque characteribus emendatis . Düsseldorf / Paris 1845 (online) .
• Cacteae in horto Dyckensi cultae anno 1849, secundum tribus et genera digestæ additis adnotationibus botanicis characteribusque specierum in enumeratione diagnostica cactearum doct. Pfeifferi non descriptarum . Henry & Cohen, Bonn 1850 (online) .

More fonts

• Monographia generum Aloes et Mesembrianthemi . 7 parts, Bonn 1836–1863, with 252 partially colored plates ( part 1 , part 2 , part 3 , part 4 ).

Magazine articles

• Description of some new cacti which are cultivated in the Princely Salm-Dyck'schen garden . In: General garden newspaper . Volume 13, Number 49, December 6, 1845, pp. 385-386 (online) .
• Remarks on the genera Agave and Fourcroya with a description of some new species . In: Bonplandia . Volume 7, Number 5, April 15, 1859, pp. 85-96 (online) .

literature

• Fritz Kümmel: Prince Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck (1773–1861). The most important collector and systematist of succulent plants in the 19th century. In: Cactus Succulents . 1981, ISSN  0233-2124 , p. 22 ff.
• GD Rowley: Salm-Dyck's Catalogs . In: Taxon . Volume 42, Number 4, 1993, ISSN  0040-0262 , pp. 845-851, JSTOR 1223267 .
• Margit Sachse: When cacti bloomed in Dyck ... the life and work of Dyck castle lord Joseph Altgraf and Prince zu Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck (1773–1861). Rhein-Eifel-Mosel-Verlag, Pulheim 2005, ISBN 3-924182-64-7 .
• William T. Stearn: An annotated Index to Salm-Dyck's "Monographia Generum Aloes et Mesembryanthemi" . In: Cactus Journal . Volume 7, Croydon 1938-1939, pp. 34-44, 66-85.
• Ernst Wunschmann:  Salm-Reifferscheid, Joseph Fürst and Altgraf too . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 255-257.

Web links

• Author entry and list of the plant names described for Joseph zu Salm-Reifferscheidt-Dyck at the IPNI
• Web biography on historicum-estudies.net

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Member entry of Joseph Salm-Reifferscheid-Dyck at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on November 14, 2015.
2. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .